This document (EN 13001‑2:2021/prA1:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes — Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.

This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.

This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its Member States.

For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

1.0 Modifications to the European foreword

Replace the whole clause with the following:

“This document (EN 13001‑2:2021/A1:202x) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes — Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by [month year of DOP], and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by [month year of DOW].

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 13001‑2:2021.

For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

The main changes compared with EN 13001-2:2021 are as follows:

— European foreword updated;

— Introduction updated;

— standard references updated in Clause 2 and 4.2.4.13;

— Formula (7) corrected in 4.2.2.5;

— Table 6 replaced in 4.2.3.4;

— text modified in 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.5, 4.2.2.1, 4.2.2.2.1, 4.2.2.2.2, 4.2.2.4, 4.2.2.5, 4.2.2.7.1, 4.2.3.1, 4.2.3.4, 4.2.4.2, 4.2.4.3, 4.2.4.4, 4.2.4.8, 4.2.4.10, 4.2.4.12, 4.2.4.13, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.4, 4.3.5, 4.3.7, 4.3.8;

— Figure A.9 replaced in Annex A;

— Formula corrected in Annex C;

— standard list updated in Annex E;

— text updated in Annex F;

— list of significant hazards updated in Annex G;

— Annex ZA revised.

This document is Part 2 of the EN 13001 series. The other parts are as follows:

— Part 1: General principles and requirements

— Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel structures

— Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems

— Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts

— Part 3-4: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery — Bearings

— Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged hooks and cast hooks

— Part 3-6: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery — Hydraulic cylinders

For the relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see Annex E.

Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United Kingdom.”

2.0 Modifications to the Introduction

Replace the whole clause with the following:

“This document has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means for the mechanical design and theoretical verification of cranes to conform to the essential health and safety requirements of the EU Directive 2006/42/EC (Machinery), as mentioned in Annex ZA.

This document is a type-C standard as stated in the EN ISO 12100.

This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market

players with regard to machinery safety:

— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);

— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).

Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the

above-mentioned stakeholder groups:

— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);

— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);

— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);

— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).

The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate in the drafting

process of this document.

The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document.

When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C standard.”

3.0 Modifications to Clause 1, “Scope”

Replace the last sentence with the following:

“This document is not applicable to cranes manufactured before the date of its publication.”

4.0 Modifications to Clause 2, “Normative references”

Replace “EN 13586:2004+A1:2008” with “EN 13586:2020” in Clause 2 and throughout the text.

5.0 Modifications to Clause 4, “Safety requirements and/or measures”

In 4.2.1.1, replace the last sentence with the following:

“Internal loads inside mechanisms are mentioned in 4.2.1.5 and shall be considered where relevant.”

In 4.2.1.5, replace the 2nd paragraph with the following:

“Consideration shall be given to internal load effects in mechanisms due to exceptional loads given in 4.2.4, such as:

— 4.2.4.4, buffer forces;

— 4.2.4.7, emergency cut-out;

— 4.2.4.8, dynamic cut-off by lifting force limiter;

— 4.2.4.9, dynamic cut-off by lifting moment limiter;

— 4.2.4.11, apprehended failure of duplicated mechanism.”

In 4.2.1.5, replace the 3rd paragraph with the following:

“Consideration shall be given to rotating components that might be subjected to fatigue from this internal loading.”

In 4.2.2.1, replace the 1st paragraph with following:

“When lifting the load off the ground or when releasing the load or parts of the load, the crane structure is under effect of vibration excitation, which shall be taken into account as a load effect. The gravitational force induced by the mass of the crane or crane part shall be multiplied by the factor ϕ1. Dependent upon the gravitational load effect of the mass and load combination in question, the factor ϕ1 shall be calculated in accordance with either Formula (1) or (2). For definitions of unfavourable and favourable load effects see 4.3.3.”

In 4.2.2.2.1, replace the 3rd paragraph with the following:

“The values of ϕ2 and ϕ2C shall be either calculated from the Formula (3) applying the specified stiffness and hoist drive classes or determined either experimentally or by dynamic analysis. Where stiffness and hoist drive classes are not applied, the true characteristics of the drive system and the elastic properties of the overall load supporting system shall be taken into account.”

In 4.2.2.2.2, replace the 1st paragraph with the following:

“For the purposes of this document, cranes shall be assigned to a stiffness class ranging from HC1 to HC4 in accordance with the elastic properties of the crane and its support. The stiffness classes given in Table 2 shall be selected on the basis of the characteristic vertical load displacement δ.”

In 4.2.2.2.2, replace the 1st sentence of the 2nd paragraph with the following:

“The dynamic factor ϕ2 (and respectively ϕ2C for Load combination C1, see 4.2.4.1) shall be calculated with the Formula (3):”

In 4.2.2.4, replace the 2nd paragraph with the following:

“The dynamic actions shall be determined in one of the following methods:

— the factor ϕ4 is calculated using a simple single mass — spring — model for the crane as shown below. The use of this simplified model is restricted to cranes whose actual dynamic behaviour corresponds to that of the model.

— dynamic actions are determined by experiments or by calculation. Conditions for the travel surface (gaps, steps) shall be specified.

— where available, a conventional value for the factor ϕ4 shall be taken from a European Standard for the specific crane type, with specified conditions for the travel surface.”

In 4.2.2.4, replace the 1st sentence of the 3rd paragraph with the following:

“The factor ϕ4 shall be calculated as follows:”

In 4.2.2.5, replace the 1st paragraph with the following:

“Loads induced in a crane by accelerations or decelerations caused by drive forces shall be calculated. A rigid body kinetic model may be used. For this purpose, the hoist load shall be taken to be fixed at the top of the jib or immediately below the trolley.”

In 4.2.2.5, replace Formula (7) with the following:

“”

In 4.2.2.5, replace the 5th paragraph with the following:

“Drive forces F acting on a crane or a trolley with asymmetrical mass distribution induce horizontal forces H1 and H2, as shown in Figure 7. Those shall be taken into account as regular loads acting on guiding means in the corners of the crane. Where a guide roller is provided, the whole horizontal force in the corner shall be applied on that. Where the guiding is by flanges of travel wheels, the horizontal forces shall be distributed between the wheels in a corner as follows:

—	1 or 2 wheels per corner:	force applied on the outermost wheel
—	3 or 4 wheels per corner:	force distributed equally on the two outermost wheels
—	More than 4 wheels per corner:	force distributed equally on the three outermost wheels

”

In 4.2.2.7.1, replace the last paragraph with the following:

“Respective limits for those conditions within which the crane safely operates shall be specified in the technical file of crane.”

In 4.2.3.1, replace the 1st sentence of the 1st paragraph with the following:

“The wind loads in respect to different design criteria shall be calculated as follows:”

In 4.2.3.1, replace the 3rd paragraph with the following:

“Considering a crane member, the component * of the wind velocity acting perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the crane member shall be applied; it shall be calculated by * = × sin αw, where αw is the angle between the direction of the wind velocity and the longitudinal axis of the member under consideration.”

In 4.2.3.1, 5th paragraph, replace the first sentence with the following:

“In absence of detailed information of the load it shall be assumed ca = 2,4 and Ag = 0,000 5 × mH, where mH is the mass of the hoist load in kilograms.”

In 4.2.3.4, replace the 4th paragraph with the following:

“The model consists of n pairs of wheels transversally in line, of which p pairs are coupled. A coupled pair of wheels (C) shall be coupled mechanically or electrically (i.e. same rotational speed obtained by mechanical or electrical means respectively). Independently supported non-driven or also — in approximation — single-driven wheels shall be considered as independent wheel pair (I). The latter condition is also valid in the case of independent single drives.”

In 4.2.3.4, replace the 5th paragraph with the following:

“The wheels shall be considered as arranged in ideal geometric positions in a rigid crane structure which is travelling on a rigid track. Differences in wheel diameters shall be neglected in this model. They shall be either fixed (F) or movable (M) in respect of lateral movement. Lateral skewing forces shall not be considered for movable wheels (see Table 7).”

In 4.2.3.4, replace the 6th paragraph with the following:

“The different combinations of transversally in-line wheel pairs are shown in Figure 10.”

4.2.3.4, replace the two first sentence of 11th paragraph with following:

“The guide force Fy is in balance with the wheel forces Fx1i, Fy1i, Fx2i, Fy2i, which are caused by rotation of the crane about the instantaneous slide pole. With the maximum lateral slip sy = α at the guide means and a linear distribution of the lateral slip syi between guide means and instantaneous slide pole, the corresponding skewing forces shall be calculated as follows:”

In 4.2.3.4, 12th paragraph, replace the first sentence with the following:

“The guide force Fy shall be calculated by”

In 4.2.3.4, 13th paragraph, replace the first sentence with the following:

“The skew angle α, shall be chosen considering the space between the guide means and the rail as well as reasonable dimensional variation and wear of the appliance wheels and the rails as follows:”

In 4.2.3.4, replace the whole Table 6 with the following:

“

Skew angle resulting from	Flanged wheels	Guide rollers
Track clearance
	Crane travelling

	Trolley traversing

Tolerances (wheel alignment and straightness of rail)
Wear
where
is the wheelbase (i.e. distance between guide rollers or between first and last wheel);
is the actual track clearance of the guide means;
is the minimum track clearance of the guide means for the purpose of calculations;
is the width of rail head.

”

In 4.2.4.2, 1st paragraph, replace the first sentence with the following:

“The out-of-service wind loads assumed to act on a member of a crane or on the hoist load remaining suspended from the crane shall be calculated by”

In 4.2.4.3, replace the whole clause with the following:

“The test loads shall be applied to the crane in its service configuration. The crane system shall not be altered, e.g. by applying enlarged counterweights.

The sum of the lifted masses suspended from the crane in test load condition shall be multiplied by a factor ϕ6. The factor ϕ6 shall be taken as follows:

a) Dynamic test load:

The test load shall be at least 110 % of the rated capacity. The test load is moved by the drives in the way the crane will be used.

(16)

where

ϕ2	is calculated in accordance with 4.2.2.2 for the load combination A1.

b) Static test load:

The test load shall be at least 125 % of the rated capacity.

Where the weight of the fixed load lifting attachment is greater than 25 % of the rated capacity and not included in the rated capacity, the test load shall be proportioned to the maximum hoist load.

NOTE Other values of test loads can be given in the relevant European Standards for specific crane types

In the proof calculation for test load situations a characteristic wind speed of shall be taken into account, where is the characteristic wind speed for the relevant Wind State, see Table 5.”

In 4.2.4.4, replace the 5th paragraph with the following:

“The buffer forces shall be calculated from the kinetic energy of all relevant parts of the crane. Speeds from 0,7 to 1 times the nominal speed shall be used. Lower values than 0,7 may be used where they are justified by special measures such as the existence of a redundant control system for retarding the motion.”

In 4.2.4.4, replace the 7th paragraph with the following:

“In calculating buffer forces, the effects of suspended loads that are unrestrained horizontally (free to swing) need not be taken into account. However, when the travel speed is reduced before collision with the buffers, it is possible that the load sway forward is near its maximum amplitude simultaneously with compression of the buffers. In this case the hoisted mass multiplied by the deceleration used before reaching the buffers shall be added as a horizontal load.”

In 4.2.4.8, replace the 1st sentence of 3rd paragraph with the following:

“The force FL applied to the crane, when a lifting force limiting device operates, shall be calculated as follows:”

In 4.2.4.8, replace the 5th paragraph with the following:

“The value of ϕL shall be determined applying one of the following methods:

— in accordance with Annex C by calculation;

— using more detailed dynamic analysis than that in Annex C by calculation;

— by measurement.

The value of ϕL shall for any crane not be less than ϕL = 1,25.”

In 4.2.4.10, replace the 2nd paragraph with the following:

“In cases where dynamic analysis is not done, the effect of unintentional loss of hoist load shall be calculated by applying a dynamic factor ϕ9 = −0,3 on the hoist load as a minimum.”

In 4.2.4.12, replace the 1st paragraph with the following:

“Loads caused by erection, dismantling and transport shall be taken into account, including wind loads during these procedures.”

In 4.2.4.12, delete the 2nd paragraph.

In 4.2.4.13, replace the 1st paragraph with the following:

“Loads acting on means provided for access are considered local, acting only on the facilities themselves and on their immediate supporting members. The detailed load actions shall be in accordance with EN 13586:2020.”

In 4.3.1, replace the 1st paragraph with the following:

“The individual load actions shall be multiplied with partial safety factors and superimposed in accordance with specified load combinations and only thereafter applied into the proof calculations, as specified in EN 13001-1:2015. The partial safety factors and the sets of load combinations (A, B and C) are given in Tables 9 to 13.”

In 4.3.2, replace the 2nd paragraph with the following:

“The risk coefficient shall be applied to load actions fi in accordance with Formula (21), together with the partial safety factors relevant to the load action and load combination in question, see the flow chart for the limit state method in EN 13001‑1:2015.

(21)

where

fd,i	is the design value of a load action i, with the risk coefficient included;
fi	is the characteristic value of a load action i, with ϕ-factors applied in accordance with this document;
γn	is the risk coefficient, with a value within the range from 1,0 to 2,0. If not otherwise given in an applicable product standard (see Annex E), values of Annex D shall be used;
γp,i	is the partial safety factor relevant for load action i and the load combination in question.

”

In 4.3.4, replace the last paragraph with the following:

“Partial safety factors for favourable masses shall not be greater than 1. An exception is provided in the Special Condition where the calculated resulting load effect would be excessive e.g. such as moment calculations for cranes with large counterbalance weights. Since the value of the partial safety factor for the unfavourable masses shall not be reduced, the partial safety factors for the favourable masses have been allowed an artificial increase above 1,0.”

In 4.3.5, replace the 3rd paragraph with the following:

“The direction of an unintended displacement can vary and therefore all directions shall be considered.”

In 4.3.7, replace the 5th paragraph with the following:

“The given partial safety factors for floating equipment shall be considered as a conservative approach in the lack of more detailed information. Where specific data are available for environmental effect, installation motions and the actual crane, the load combination factors shall be adjusted accordingly.”

In 4.3.8, replace the 1st paragraph with the following:

“A crane standing on three or more supports is considered to be stable when, due to the specified loads and factors, the stabilizing moment is greater than the overturning moment about any tipping line. Supports can lose contact, as long as the remaining supported structure does not become statically indeterminate. Tipping line is a line passing through two adjacent, effective support points of the crane.”

6.0 Modifications to Annex A, “Aerodynamic coefficients”

In A.1, replace the explanation for Formula (A.1) under the 2nd paragraph:

“

co	is the aerodynamic coefficient of a member of infinite length, where the member is a straight and prismatic element; such a member with one or more solid sections or one hollow section is called an individual member; plane or spatial lattice structure members can be assembled by those individual members;
ψ	is a reduction factor, which reduces co for members with a finite length; it depends on the aerodynamic slenderness ratio λ of an individual member and if the member is a lattice structure it also depends on the solidity ratio φ. The factor ψ is taken from Figure A.1. For values λ > 200, the factor is set to ψ = 1.

”

In A.4, replace the text in 2nd row of Table A.6 with the following:

“This formula can also be used where

a) the direction of the wind velocity deviates up to β = 5° from the direction perpendicular to the surface of the members;

b) the members are not identical and the greatest characteristic area A1,max is taken into account and

c) the distance of the members is not equal and the greatest distance amax is taken into account.”

In A.4, replace the whole Figure A.9 with the following new figure:

“

”

7.0 Modifications to Annex C, “Calculation of load factor for indirect lifting force limiter”

Replace the formula after the 2nd paragraph with the following:

“”

8.0 Modifications to Annex E, “Selection of a suitable set of crane family standards”

Replace the title of Annex E with the following:

“Overview of standards published by CEN/TC 147”

Replace Annex E with the following:

“E.1 General

Purpose of this annex is to give an overview of crane related standards published by CEN/TC 147. This annex has no influence on the technical requirements of this European standard.

The standards listed in Tables E.1 and Table E.2 are not standard references, neither normative nor informative, of this European standard. Therefore, the standards in those tables are undated. For actual standard references of this European standard, see Clause 2 “Normative References”, where standard references are dated.

E.2 Selecting a suitable standard

Where a lifting machinery matches, by the scope of the standard and by the description of the product, one of the standards listed in Table E.1, this standard and all the standards referenced therein can be used.

Where a suitable product standard does not exist, all the standards, as relevant, listed in Table E.2 can be used. Standards indicate, which safety requirements are covered.

Table E.1 — Product standards for lifting machinery

EN 12999	Cranes — Loader cranes
EN 13000	Cranes — Mobile cranes
EN 13155	Crane — Safety — Non-fixed load lifting attachments
EN 13157	Cranes — Safety — Hand powered cranes
EN 13852-1	Cranes — Offshore cranes — Part 1: General-purpose offshore cranes
EN 13852-2	Cranes — Offshore cranes — Part 2: Floating cranes
EN 13852-3	Cranes — Offshore cranes — Part 3: Light offshore cranes
EN 14238	Cranes — Manually controlled load manipulating devices
EN 14439	Cranes — Safety — Tower cranes
EN 17076	Tower cranes — Anti-collision systems — Safety requirements
EN 14492-1	Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 1: Power driven winches
EN 14492-2	Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 2: Power driven hoists
EN 14502‑2	Cranes — Equipment for the lifting of persons — Part 2: Elevating control stations
EN 14985	Cranes — Slewing jib cranes
EN 15011	Cranes — Bridge and gantry cranes
EN 15056	Cranes — Requirements for container handling spreaders
EN 16851	Cranes — Light crane systems

Table E.2 — Subject specific and component specific standards

EN 12077‑2	Cranes safety — Requirements for health and safety — Part 2: Limiting and indicating devices
EN 13001‑1	Cranes — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements
EN 13001-2	Cranes — General design — Part 2: Load actions
EN 13001-3-1	Cranes — General design — Part 3–1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel structures
EN 13001-3-2	Cranes — General design — Part 3–2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems
EN 13001-3-3	Cranes — General design — Part 3–3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts
EN 13001-3-4	Cranes — General design — Part 3–3: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery — Bearings
EN 13001-3-5	Cranes — General design — Part 3–5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged and cast hooks
EN 13001-3-6	Cranes — General design — Part 3–6: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery — Hydraulic cylinders
EN 13001-3-8	Cranes — General design — Part 3–8: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery — Shafts
EN 13135	Cranes — Safety — Design — Requirements for equipment
EN 13557	Cranes — Control devices and control stations EN 13557
EN 13586	Cranes — Access
CEN/TS 17471	Cranes — Access Cranes — Loader cranes —Interface between loader cranes and work platforms
EN 14502‑1	Cranes — Equipment for lifting persons — Part 1: Suspended baskets

”

9.0 Modifications to Annex F, “Requirements in Directive 2016/1629/EU”

In Annex F, replace the 3rd paragraph with the following:

“Therefore, the following clauses should be considered:

EN 13001‑2:2021, 4.2.1.2 f), 4.2.1.4 m), 4.2.2.7, 4.2.4.14, Tables 13 to 15 and give added value to Part II, Chapter 14, Article 14.12 Crane Section 1 of ES-TRIN: 2019/1.”

10.0 Modifications to Annex G, “List of hazards”

Replace the title of Annex G with the following:

“List of significant hazards”

Replace Annex G with the following:

“Table G.1 of this clause contains all the significant hazards as listed in CEN Guide 414, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in this document, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.

Table G.1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements

No.	Hazard	Relevant clause(s) in this document
1	Mechanical hazards
1.1	Due to machine parts or workpieces, e.g. — by potential energy (falling objects, height from the ground, gravity)	4
	Due to machine parts or workpieces, e.g. — by kinetic energy (acceleration, deceleration, moving/rotating elements)	4
	Due to machine parts or workpieces, e.g. — by mechanical strength (break-up)	4
1.13	Instability	4
22	Mechanical hazards caused by load falls, collisions, machine tipping
22.1	Lack of stability	4
22.9	Insufficient mechanical strength of parts	4

”

11.0 Modification to Annex ZA, “Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered”

In Annex ZA, replace Table ZA.1 with the following:

“

The relevant Essential Requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC	Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this EN	Remarks/Notes
1.3.1	4.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.8
1.3.2	4.1, 4.2,1.1, 4.2.1.5, 4.2.2.1, 4.2.2.2, 4.2.2.3, 4.2.2.4, 4.2.2.5, 4.2.2.6, 4.2.2.7, 4.2.3.1, 4.2.3.3, 4.2.3.4, 4.2.4.1, 4.2.4.2, 4.2.4.3, 4.2.4.4, 4.2.4.5, 4.2.4.7, 4.2.4.8, 4.2.4.9, 4.2.4.10, 4.2.4.11, 4.2.4.13, 4.2.4.14, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.3, 4.3.4, 4.3.5, 4.3.6, 4.3.7
4.1.2.1	4.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.8
4.1.2.3	4.1, 4.2,1.1, 4.2.1.5, 4.2.2.1, 4.2.2.2, 4.2.2.3, 4.2.2.4, 4.2.2.5, 4.2.2.6, 4.2.2.7, 4.2.3.1, 4.2.3.3, 4.2.3.4, 4.2.4.1, 4.2.4.2, 4.2.4.3, 4.2.4.4, 4.2.4.5, 4.2.4.7, 4.2.4.8, 4.2.4.9, 4.2.4.10, 4.2.4.11, 4.2.4.13, 4.2.4.14, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.3, 4.3.4, 4.3.5, 4.3.6, 4.3.7

”

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