ISO/DIS 39004:2025(en)

ISO TC 241/WG 7

Date: 2025-06-09

Secretariat: KATS

Road traffic safety — Good practices for digital platform providers

© ISO 2025
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Contents

Foreword 4

Introduction 5

1 Scope 1

2 Normative references 1

3 Terms and definitions 1

4 Factors contributing to road traffic crashes 2

4.1 Road users 2

4.2 Vehicles 3

4.3 Road and environment 3

4.4 Business management 4

5 Roles and responsibilities 4

5.1 Platform providers 4

5.2 Platform drivers 5

5.3 Customers 5

5.4 Merchants 5

5.5 Senders 5

5.6 Government agencies and interested parties 5

5.7 Public and road users 5

6 Good practices recommendation 6

6.1 General consideration 6

6.1.1 Commitment to establish policy on work-related road traffic safety management 6

6.1.2 Platform driver management 6

6.1.3 Vehicle management 9

6.1.4 Route management 10

6.1.5 Periodic campaign and awareness on road traffic safety 10

6.1.6 Emergency preparedness 11

6.1.7 Road traffic crash and any other incident investigation 11

6.1.8 Engagement with government and interested parties 12

6.1.9 Performance evaluation 12

6.2 Further good practices 13

6.2.1 Platform driver profile 13

6.2.2 Incentives for participation in work-related road traffic safety programmes and initiatives 13

6.2.3 Rest facilities/stop centre/rest area hub 13

6.2.4 Community-based programmes (CBP) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) 13

6.2.5 Sustainable development initiatives 13

Foreword

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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO [had/had not] received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 241, Road traffic safety management systems.

A list of all parts in the ISO 39000 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

Introduction

0.1   General

The emergence of the gig or platform economy has transformed the traditional way of working environment. Participation in the gig economy has grown drastically over the past few years and expanded exponentially since the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. Job flexibilities, internet reliance and ‘fast money’ makes this sector attractive to those job seekers. This economic platform is one of the most important new transformations in the world of work. An important component of the platform economy is digital labour platforms which includes both web-based platforms, where work is outsourced through an open call to a geographically dispersed crowd ("crowd work"), and location-based applications (apps) which allocate work to individuals in a specific geographical area, typically to perform local, service-oriented tasks such as food or parcel delivery services. These changes have potentially increased exposure to road traffic crashes and incidents among platform drivers.

The platform provider is the party responsible for connecting customer requests with merchant/vendor through the provision of systems and commercial network interfaces. The platform provider determines service system setting offered to interested suppliers, customers and drivers (work resources). Platform providers can influence and inculcate road traffic safety culture among their platform drivers. They can also help to minimise work-related crashes through the provision of adequate and relevant policies, processes and training on road traffic safety, vehicles, and planning of safe journeys. Platform providers should be fully committed in building a ‘safety first’ culture, which will consequently promote the prevention of work-related crashes. It is recognised that implementation of this good practices could deliver societal, environmental and economic benefits to the platform providers in addition to the safety deliverables addressed therein.

This document gives guidelines for good practices that can be adopted by platform providers to manage their work-related road traffic safety management with a systematic and flexible approach while at the same time ensuring continual improvement to their practices and systems. It highlights measures and initiatives that can be taken to mitigate work-related road traffic safety risks. Platform providers are encouraged to adopt as many good practices as possible in this document.

0.2   Concept of implementing good practices for road safety management

This document recognizes the use of an iterative Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach to guide organizations toward achieving maximum commuting safety management results (see Figure 1).

Plan: Establish objectives and targets on commuting safety management in accordance with the organization's policy under top management’s leadership and commitment and plan the processes necessary to achieve them.

Do: Ensure that sufficient capacity and resources are provided and implement the processes for commuting safety management as planned.

Check: Monitor and measure the process performance against objectives and targets and identify the opportunities for continual improvement.

Act: Take actions to continually improve process performance with the aim of reducing the incidence and risk of death and serious injuries in road traffic crashes.

Figure 1 — PDCA approach to RTS management of a platform provider

0.3   Implementation of good practices

The implementation of good practices for work-related road traffic safety management can be categorised into different levels. They can be used to educate, to increase awareness and to consistently remind about the importance of always inculcating a ‘safety first’ culture (see Figure 2). Platform providers may consider engineering approaches (for example, standardisation of box design/placement/materials, safety application features, etc.) to improve road traffic safety performance.

The implementation of continual and sustainable road traffic safety programmes and initiatives will positively affect the mindset and behaviours. These programmes and initiatives should be conducted periodically, scheduled, and assessed to examine their adequacy and effectiveness, while opportunities for continual improvement should also be identified.

The platform providers should establish a process(es) for the recognition, planning, implementation, evaluation, reporting and control of new technological solutions that may impact upon work-related road traffic safety.

The evaluation should give due consideration to the potential benefits of such technology in respect of crash avoidance, and injury/damage minimization. It should also ensure that potential risks such as driver/rider distraction or complacency are fully assessed.

The platform providers should communicate to the management team and their platform drivers the outcomes of assessments of the technological advancements on work-related road traffic safety management and provide appropriate influence regarding the adoption of such technologies. The platform providers should take proactive measures to make adoption possible.

The management team and platform drivers are encouraged to be continually exposed to the technological advancements of work-related road traffic safety management, especially those proven scientifically, and the platform providers can influence the adoption of such in work-related road activities.

Figure 2 — Steps towards the safety-first culture

Road traffic safety — Good practices for digital platform providers

This document provides guidelines for good practices that can be adopted by any digital platform provider not limited to e-hailing and p-hailing operators for the implementation of work-related road traffic safety management. These practices are intended to reduce death and serious injuries related to road traffic crashes which it can influence.

This document is applicable to any digital platform provider to offer further protection to the platform drivers as well as other road users through the adoption of a proactive approach to manage work-related road risks.

This document is a guidance standard, one of the ISO 39000 series of Road traffic safety management systems standards. ISO 39004 cannot be used for certification purposes but does provide guidance for internal or external audit programmes. Digital platform provider organisations using it can compare their road traffic safety management practices with an internationally recognized benchmark, providing sound principles for effective management and corporate governance.

However, it is recognized that certain markets may require digital platform providers to demonstrate that they have embraced the guidance of ISO 39004. For those organisations, the following approach is recommended.

1. Ensure the business addresses the requirements of ISO 39001, Road traffic safety (RTS) management system — Requirements with guidance for use.

2. Address all recommendations of this document, ISO 39004, Road traffic safety — Good practices for digital platform providers where applicable.

3. Ensure the scope of the ISO 39001 managements system contains reference to ISO 39004

4. Obtain independent certification to ISO 39001.

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 39001, Road traffic safety (RTS) management systems — Requirements with guidance for use

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 39001 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp

— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/

3.1

customer

party who buys or receives goods or services through digital platform

3.2

digital platform

end-to-end business incorporating any online platform process involving customers, vendors/merchant, senders or platform drivers

3.2.1

e-hailing

service provided to book public transport services through electronic applications

3.2.2

p-hailing

service provided for ordering the collection or delivery of goods

3.3

merchant

business or person that offers or sells a particular type of product or services that uses a digital platform/application registered with a digital platform provider

Note 1 to entry: In the context of digital platform, merchant is also known as vendor or seller

3.4

platform driver

driver, rider or cyclist who performs the transport operations on the road either on permanent basis, short-term contract, freelance or flexible working hours with support of digital platforms/applications

3.5

digital platform provider

company that provides a system and interfaces form a commercial network or market facilitating business-to-business (B2B), business-to-customer (B2C), and/or customer-to-customer (C2C) transaction using any digital device for communication includes desktop, mobile, social and email software

3.6

sender

person or organisation that is involved in the preparation and packaging of parcel, package, or goods/things to be delivered

3.7

work-related road traffic safety

management of hazards and risks to persons engaged in or affected by work/service-related driving or work/service activities on or near a road

Four main factors that contribute to road traffic crashes are road users (i.e. driver, rider, bicyclist, micromobility user, pedestrian and passenger), vehicles, road and environment, and business management.

There are three (3) elements that influence the physical and psychological conditions of platform drivers:

a) Competency

Driving knowledge, experience and skill are essential for a platform driver’s safe journey. For example, new drivers are often associated with a lack of experience on the road and likely to be involved in road traffic crashes, and have lower priorities with regards to road traffic safety, but are more comfortable with changing technological solutions. Experienced drivers, are more likely to have hands-on driving experience as well as familiarity with the roads and surroundings, but are more likely to have difficulty adjusting to modern technologies.

In addition to safe driving, a platform driver requires additional competency to ensure safe delivery. Lack of occupational competency in the industry such as information processing (on the road and mobile application), load management, stress management and customer service skills may contribute to road traffic crashes.

b) Health and fitness

Physical health (e.g. chronic diseases and infectious disease, visual problems), mental health (e.g. depression, anxiety) and behavioural health (e.g. insufficient sleep, substance abuse including drugs and alcohol) etc. are factors that can affect road safety.

Emotional instability, anger, panic, stress and unmotivated, etc. are examples of psychological conditions that can cause road traffic crashes.

c) Behaviour

Risky driving behaviour refers to all unsafe operations that a platform driver performs when manoeuvring the vehicle.

These types of behaviour, which may include speeding, running red lights, making illegal U-turn, driving against traffic flow, unsafe use of mobile phones while driving, improper use of safety equipment, idling in the no-parking area such as yellow box/zebra crossing can become a habit when demonstrated over time and inappropriate trespassing or passing on sidewalks. This behaviour is not only endangering drivers and his passenger and/or load but also implicating other road users.

Driving behaviour can be influenced by various factors, including internal (e.g. driver’s skill, driving experience, physiological status, and psychological state), as well as external (e.g. passengers, traffic density, local weather, road conditions, and culture) factors, among others. Together, these factors could shape one’s driving style.

Vehicle safety devices, suitability and condition are three factors that can contribute to work-related road traffic crashes, and they are described in the following detail:

a) Lack/inadequate safety features and devices, including:

— unsafe vehicle engineering, design and structure; and

— inadequate passive and active safety devices (e.g. Electronic Stability Control (ESC), Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), side impact protection or seatbelt reminder system).

b) Suitability

The vehicle must be suitable according to its design, construction and use. The use of inappropriate vehicles including any improper/unauthorised modifications, not only causes discomfort throughout the journey, but it also leads to incidents and road traffic crashes since it is implicating the vehicle's stability and control. Overloading and/or improper load securement also increase the risk of injury in the event of a road traffic crash.

c) Condition

Poor vehicle condition due to age of the vehicle or lack of maintenance would cause drivers’ fatigue, discomfort and increase the risk of road traffic crash.

Lack of cleanliness, insufficient vehicle maintenance and improper load management also causes drivers to become less conspicuous to other road users and increase the risk of road traffic crash.

Road and environment conditions are also considered as contributing factors to road traffic crashes specifically:

a) Road conditions:

— road surface (e.g. potholes, slippery, greasy);

— geometric features (e.g. bumpy road, sag curves, crest curves, lane width);

— road construction work; and

— road furniture/facilities along the route (e.g. unsuitable type of guardrail used, inadequate or confusing or blocked road signage, faded road markings/line).

b) Road environment:

— topographical condition (e.g. flat, undulating, hilly, mountainous);

— inadequate lighting condition;

— haze;

— thick fog;

— weather condition (e.g. heavy rain, flood, landslide, crosswind);

— animal crossing;

— illegally parked vehicles and potential impact on sightlines; and

— any significant change to the road environment and condition affecting safety, such as fallen objects, etc.

c) Traffic volume and condition (e.g. during peak hours, festive seasons).

a) Management system

Lack of understanding on the importance of work-related road traffic safety management, leadership and commitment creates unsafe working environments for platform drivers.

b) Job requirement

The nature of platform drivers to deliver to certain locations requires them to use mobile phones continuously which may distract their attention/focus while driving.

The platform providers’ leadership and commitment are crucial success factors of work-related road traffic safety management programmes and initiatives in the workplace. This is directly related to the knowledge of the health and safety of their platform drivers, their attitude, vision and mission, and their willingness to commit thus make an impact on work-related road traffic safety.

One of the main responsibilities as platform providers is to understand and implement the work-related road traffic safety management. Top management should be knowledgeable in the principle of Safe System Approach and able to monitor related activities including the monitoring of driving behaviour and assessment of its achievement and effectiveness.

The platform providers should also identify relevant road authorities that are responsible for the routes within their coverage so that they can report any damage to the road or unsafe conditions.

The platform providers should conduct a risk assessment to properly identify risks, implement measures, evaluate and report the work-related road traffic safety performance to ensure the safety and health of the platform drivers. The platform providers should also ensure that they hold adequate protection for the welfare of the platform drivers.

The platform providers should identify all relevant government agencies and interested parties and should establish reporting channel so that the progress and achievement of its overall road traffic safety management can be shared. With such, good practices and impactful initiatives by the platform providers could then be recognised and shared to improve further work-related road traffic safety.

The platform drivers should ensure that they are properly licensed, insured for work, fit to drive, plan journeys safely and comply with traffic laws. In addition, the platform drivers should also provide adequate support, cooperation and feedback in all programmes and initiatives to ensure the success of work-related road traffic management. Therefore, platform drivers are responsible for taking reasonable care for the health and safety of themselves, goods and other persons who may be affected by their actions.

The customers should give full cooperation and provide feedback on services provided by the platform providers and on the performance of the platform drivers to improve and ensure safe services. The customers may also play their role in promoting and advocating road traffic safety messages for safe service.

The merchants are responsible to maintain the supply flow of products or services, coordinate with platform drivers, and maintain positive relationships with customers to strengthen the customer base. As a merchant, it is vital to ensure the quality and punctuality of the product preparation and safety handling of the products or services they provide.

The senders are responsible to ensure the products/goods to be delivered meet the requirements set by the platform providers including on type, size and weight as well as the packaging and loading of the products/goods.

Proactive roles by the government agencies, private sectors and non-profit organisation significantly influence the outcome and the sustainability of the work-related road traffic safety management programmes.

The government and other relevant agencies could support and collaborate with platform providers to reduce work-related road traffic crashes. The involvement and cooperation of these agencies may further encourage platform providers to develop programmes and initiatives that are necessary to ensure the health and safety of platform drivers.

The government and other relevant agencies could also take proactive actions and provide prompt response to concerns raised by the platform providers or platform drivers or the public concerning road traffic safety.

The government and interested parties should continually disseminate information regarding road traffic safety campaign and awareness through media communication including social media. A continuous and sustainable road traffic safety promotion will positively influence the mindset and behaviour of the public.

Public and road users can contribute towards road traffic safety services by reporting any unsafe driving behaviour during the journey. Complimenting good driving behaviour would also motivate platform drivers to behave better on the road. A continuous and sustainable road traffic safety reminder will positively influence the mindset and behaviour of the platform drivers. Public and road users should also portray safe behaviour on the road.

Basic good practices are generic good practices that are applicable to most platform providers and situations regardless of the type and nature of their service or scope of activities. Basic good practices are highly recommended for effective implementation of work-related road traffic safety management. Some of these practices do not require substantial investment or resources but have been proven to get buy-in and support.

Further good practices as explained in 6.2 are additional initiatives that may be implemented based on the platform provider’s needs and resources to complement the basic good practices explained in 6.1. The implementation of these additional initiatives, which can be seen as best possible practices, provide value added benefits to platform providers.

The work-related road traffic safety management should be incorporated in the relevant policy of the platform providers. It should be communicated and made readily accessible to all interested parties. In addition, the policy should also be constantly reviewed and updated in-line with any relevant developments.

EXAMPLE Relevant developments could be changes in work or social environment or regulations.

The platform providers should:

a) provide leadership;

b) appoint a road safety representative (e.g. Safety and Health Officer or Occupational Safety and Health Coordinator);

c) establish a clear, comprehensive and practical set of road traffic safety objectives and targets, including reporting to interested parties; and

d) allocate resources (e.g. staff and financial support).

In order to maintain platform driver’s safety, health and welfare at optimum levels, the platform providers should provide a practical and workable platform driver management programme.

Recruitment procedure

The platform providers should set the minimum criteria for the recruitment process as follows:

a) Holding valid documentations e.g. identity card, driving licence, vehicle permit, insurance and other documents deemed necessary;

b) Acceptable driving and/or crime records (especially for e-hailing) from the responsible authorities such as police and Road Transport Department (RTD) whenever accessible;

c) Undergoing health screening at any hospital or clinic or health centre accepted by the platform providers and the cost of such health screening could be borne by the platform providers; and

d) Undergoing aptitude test and/or competency assessment on road traffic safety (e.g. online training on usage of the application and knowledge on road traffic safety).

Continual training

The platform providers should provide sufficient platforms for continual training associated with road traffic safety and health to all platform drivers. The training should include:

a) training of a technically skilled nature such as safe driving (see Annex A), vehicle handling and control, inspection, maintenance, journey management, emergency response, health awareness, fatigue management and other fit and proper trainings;

b) soft skills training such as communication, positive thinking, anger and stress management and other appropriate trainings; and

c) platform provider’s applications, standards operating procedures (SOP) and guidance on parcel handling including on dangerous goods.

A combination of technical skills, soft skills and skills on using platform provider’s application are important because with such training provided by the platform providers, it is hoped the platform drivers would be able to carry out their work properly while reducing the risk of road traffic crashes or minimising the impact of road traffic crashes if they do occur. All of the training should be conducted in periodical and scheduled manners. Each and every training session conducted should be properly recorded.

Trainers could be developed from within the platform providers and given the necessary training to ensure continuity of training programmes and to retain expertise within the organisation. Trainers should be selected based on their competence, qualifications and experience to ensure the quality and the effectiveness of the training.

Driving procedure

The platform providers should periodically monitor the platform driver records of license, and insurance. The platform providers should notify the platform drivers to update the latest and valid documentation within a reasonable timeframe.

The platform providers should further consider providing a checklist or notification wherever possible for the platform drivers to:

a) be physically and mentally fit which could be implemented through self-declaration via platform provider’s application;

Note For platform provider with scheduled drivers at hub, the platform drivers can be assessed periodically by a qualified supervisor to ensure they are in a fit state to drive.

b) bring along important documents deemed necessary;

c) carry out daily vehicle checks which may include through digital platform application in ensuring the safety of vehicle before and after the journey;

d) comply to relevant road traffic rules such as wearing personal protective equipment (e.g. protective helmet, reflective vest/ uniform/ windbreaker/ rider’s box, glove, proper shoes etc.) and not bringing pillion while carrying the box;

e) understand the specification and basic technology of the vehicle such as engine type, number of cylinders, fuel supply system, displacement etc. and ensure goods being delivered meets vehicle specification;

f) have access to latest news or information from the management, weather forecast e.g. flood, etc. via online application or scheduled gathering;

g) ensure that the customer comply with the relevant road traffic rules such as seatbelt wearing;

h) ensure the load is according to allowable requirements (see clause 6.1.3.3); and

i) ensure any interaction with the application is minimised i.e. employ voice activated system for order acceptance.

The platform providers may further consider any other checklists or notifications that is deemed relevant and practical for road traffic safety.

The platform providers should promote a flexible schedule according to ability and availability of platform drivers considering the maximum working hours to ensure their safety. The platform drivers are not encouraged to work long hours and are reminded to take regular breaks. This matter should be given due attention as it may pose a greater risk of road traffic crash involvement due to fatigue and sleepiness issues. Where multiple deliveries are being assigned to a single platform driver, platform providers must ensure that reasonable delivering time is being allocated. This may involve historical data to estimate the delivery time.

The platform drivers should also ensure that they select parking areas that are safe, upon arrival, especially during multi-drop deliveries, to prevent potential hazards or obstructions. Consideration should be given to appropriate signage on the vehicle to warn other road users

Health and fitness to drive

A programme for monitoring health and fitness should be established by the platform providers in order to safeguard the well-being of all platform drivers.

The platform providers should periodically arrange health and fitness programmes. They should provide guidance on maintaining health and fitness by considering the following:

a) Encouragement to undergo regular medical check-up including eyesight assessment through:

i) platform provider’s medical benefit;

ii) in-house medical screening programme;

iii) government health screening programme; or

iv) any other health screening scheme such as partnership with health facility to ensure platform drivers obtain discount when they visited the panel clinics for health screening programme nationwide.

b) Arrange alcohol and drug screening tests using a breathalyser or urine test;

c) Organise physical fitness programmes (e.g. aerobics, walkathon, etc.);

d) Provide tips on maintaining health and alertness especially when driving (e.g. a manual on physical exercise during rest);

e) Provide information and educate on methods to manage stress, tiredness and fatigue resulting from driving and work pressure; and

f) Design controls into the application which remind the platform drivers to take sufficient breaks and prevent from working excessive hours.

Technology integration

Quickly and equitably harnessing the potential of existing and emerging technologies for road safety—including telematics, camera systems, sensory devices, connectivity methods, and artificial intelligence—platform providers should actively participate in the development, application, and deployment of these innovations within their operations.

For instance, by using telematics, platform driver management can track real-time location, monitor driving behavior, optimize routes, and assess and detect of unsafe practices (e.g., speeding, hard braking) and fostering compliance through targeted feedback and rewards systems. Additionally, telematics and similar technology further enable efficient driver deployment through shift scheduling, fatigue management, and geo-fencing, promoting safer, more efficient operations tailored to real-time demand.

Consequence management

Incentives and demerit system should be introduced within the platform providers to inculcate safety conscious behaviour as it could change attitudes, improve habits, and increase skills to build a ‘safety first’ culture. Care should be taken to evaluate all outcomes.

a) Incentives and recognition

The reward system is given to platform providers who have shown good traffic safety performance in their work (free from road incidents and road traffic crashes, good discipline, positive customer feedback, etc.). The rewards also should include incentives in various forms (not necessarily monetary), such as recognition or special privileges, depending on the platform provider’s creativity and initiatives, for example:

i) allocation for vehicle service/partnership with appointed workshop for tyre replacement/lubricant/battery etc. with discounted price;

ii) provision of loan with low interest rate of financing scheme or collaboration with vehicle manufacturer to purchase vehicle and for major maintenance;

iii) free cafeteria service/health food allowance;

iv) cash reward to selected platform driver for high performance and good behaviour; and

v) star rating/award to the platform drivers that have no record of complaints/report received from customer.

Note 1 to entry: Platform drivers will be more enthusiastic and motivated if they are valued and appreciated by their platform providers. A reward system is one of the means whereby platform providers can demonstrate appreciation.

b) Discipline

Failure to abide by the rules should be addressed through appropriate means. Apart from frequent monitoring, feedback should also be sourced from public/customer complaints.

The actions taken should be commensurate with the identified non-compliance. It should not be intended to be punitive but to provide a lesson and instruction to be more cautious and responsible on the road.

EXAMPLE Non-compliance with rules and regulations pertaining to road traffic safety specified by the management can be in the form of exceeding maximum speed limit, not wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) (e.g. helmets, safety vest, etc.) and others.

Reminder and warning and service review should be issued due to non-compliance with currently enforced rules and regulations. A platform driver should be suspended/deactivated immediately in such case involving criminal cases that affect public safety e.g. sexual harassment.

Vehicle management is important as to ensure the safety of the platform drivers. The platform drivers need to understand the vehicle specification, type of inspection, the needs for maintenance and load management. The benefits of vehicle management are the platform drivers can ensure the vehicle can be operated in a safe condition in providing quality services.

Vehicle specification

The platform providers should ensure that the vehicles used by the platform drivers meet the requirements on the design, construction, use, modification and testing processes as well as age limit that complied with local or international standards, approved by the relevant authority and fit for specific purpose based on type, size and weight of goods. These are typically carried out by respective competent authorities where the platform providers can utilise to rule out unfit vehicles.

The platform providers should also promote safer vehicle to be arranged e.g. higher safety star- rated vehicle with emerging safety technologies.

Vehicle inspection

The platform providers should provide programmes to facilitate regular vehicle inspection activities and may consider documenting the activities through online application. The platform drivers should have proactive attitude to ensure that their vehicles are in good condition and well-functioning. Vehicle inspection should be conducted to prevent road traffic crashes and related losses

a) Daily vehicle inspection

Daily inspection should be undertaken on vehicles before the journey. This will enable appropriate action or repairs be done to prevent mechanical failure of the vehicle. Items that need to be inspected include tyre, brake, lighting, etc.

b) Periodic vehicle inspection

The platform providers should implement a periodic vehicle inspection programme to ensure that platform driver’s vehicle is fit for the task and is insured, serviced and well maintained.

EXAMPLE Promotion and reminder on the needs for periodic vehicle inspection may be conveyed through application, vehicle inspection campaign/demonstration, etc.

Records on vehicle inspection, maintenance and repair should be maintained by the platform driver.

Note 1 to entry: See Annex B for examples of motorcar or van checklist and fault report (Table B.1) and motorcycle checklist and fault report (Table B.2).

Load management and additional fittings/accessories

The platform providers should ensure the vehicle load capacity is based on allowable limitation and safely secured. Distribution of load during journey, the suitable design of goods compartment and the stability are the main concern in load management. Failure to evaluate this matter can affect the suspension and braking system. Instability can cause the vehicle hardly to be controlled and maneuvered. Any additional fitting/accessories installed should meet the related safety requirements in terms of quality, ergonomically designed and does not affect vehicle stability. Competent authorities are most likely involved in ensuring such requirements where the platform provider can further utilise. In addition, merchant and sender should also ensure the packaging is secured for safe handling and delivery including use of any appropriate tools.

The platform providers should ensure the appropriate time for task completion and update necessary information via suitable means. The platform providers should encourage platform drivers to use the existing suitable navigation applications where the system will consider the size of the vehicle being used.

The platform drivers should consider the following factors when choosing the route and time to travel:

a) Type of road condition (e.g. cornered, no road obstruction, hilly area);

b) Traffic condition;

c) Type of vehicle;

d) Peak hours and traffic congestion; and

e) Weather condition (e.g. rain, flood, snow, ice, extreme temperatures).

The platform drivers must be allowed a reasonable time to make a delivery. In some cases, it may be necessary to vary the delivery times by area or because of the prevailing conditions. The platform drivers should also ensure adequate rest time especially after long hours of work.

Platform providers may consider implementing a documented safe working hours’ procedure.

Journey schedules should be flexibly organized according to the driving task to ensure compliance with speed limits and working hours.

Road traffic safety campaigns should be run to educate, increase awareness and remind about the importance of constantly practicing a ‘safety first’ culture.

The platform providers should plan and organise an annual programme related to the work-related road traffic crash prevention and road traffic safety. The following activities are the examples that can be considered:

a) Road traffic safety exhibition;

b) Dissemination of information and instructions regarding road traffic safety through bunting, posters, banners, notice boards or billboards;

c) Distribution of flyers, pamphlets, badges, stickers, keychains or bulletins;

d) Road traffic safety videos;

e) Competitions, quizzes;

f) Safety slogan and pledge on road traffic safety;

g) Safety week/month with specific subject/focus on road traffic safety;

h) Campaign prior to festive season;

i) Safety assembly such as a morning briefing (if applicable);

j) Orientation programme which includes activities and sharing of information on work-related road traffic crash prevention and road traffic safety;

k) Road traffic safety talks with invited speakers from road traffic safety related stakeholders;

l) Communication channels or other tools such as a suggestion box for complaints and ideas for improving work-related road traffic safety management; and

m) Road traffic safety campaign/advocacy programme (e.g. use of appropriate PPE for motorcyclist, safety seat belt, etc.).

The detailed planning and schedules of the campaign and awareness programmes should be properly laid out. The roles and responsibilities of the person-in-charge of the programme should be defined and communicated. Dissemination of information via electronic or printed media should be visually attractive and appealing.

All such campaigns should be based on good quality evidence and current behaviour change/motivational theory.

The platform providers should establish a procedure in the event of an emergency and road traffic crash to their platform drivers. The following emergency procedure should be considered:

a) Emergency contact number and the person-in-charge (e.g. dedicated emergency response team/team leader/Captain/Supervisor);

b) Third party contact number including police, hospital and ambulance;

c) Emergency information card for all platform drivers may include the information of relatives/ next-of-kin and blood type; and

d) Emergency response plan.

The platform providers are encouraged to apply effective technology in the implementation of emergency response plan, for instance notification could be automated through system-based or relevant applications such as panic buttons.

The platform providers should facilitate the process of social security or any other compensation claims for the welfare protection of the platform drivers who are involved in road traffic crashes. The platform providers should also periodically test such procedures where practicable.

All cases should be internally investigated by the platform provider which may be handled by a dedicated team to determine the causes that should be used as lessons learnt to prevent similar incidents in future.

The investigation report could contain the following information:

a) Background of the incident;

b) Relevant data and information of the incident;

EXAMPLE These may include condition of the crash victims, level of severity (before and after the incident), the vehicles involved and the road environment.

c) Relevant road traffic safety (RTS) performance factors (refer ISO 39001);

d) Corrective and preventive actions; and

e) Copy of report from the relevant authorities.

Final report of the investigation should be submitted to the top management and maintained (see Annex C - Example of investigation report checklist, as basis for final report preparation).

Recommendations for preventing similar road traffic crashes and reminders on road traffic safety should be disseminated as part of awareness and lessons learnt.

The platform providers should engage or collaborate with the government and interested parties in managing work-related road traffic safety (e.g. national road safety council, road safety lead agency, transport and road authorities, city council and local authorities, social security agencies and non-governmental organisations).

These engagements or collaborations may include but are not limited to the following:

a) Ensure the roads are safe without possible hazards by engaging the road authorities;

b) Establish an efficient complaints management system with relevant authorities; and

c) Focused or specialised awareness programme e.g. community based programme.

The platform providers should identify, measure, analyse and evaluate the RTS performance factors as defined in ISO 39001. Having clear indicators will raise awareness among the platform providers and platform drivers and set priorities for intervention or mitigation activity.

While engaging relevant agencies and interested parties, the platform providers should establish an effective communication mechanism which enable sustainability reporting, including continual reporting of good and impactful progress, particularly on RTS performances and achievements after objective evaluations.

A platform driver’s profile should be established for the purpose of record keeping, monitoring, risk management and performance improvement which may include but not limited to the following:

a) Type of vehicle;

b) Valid license and vehicle registration;

c) Age;

d) Driving experience;

e) Record of driving under the influence of alcohol/drugs;

f) Working hours;

g) Road traffic crashes record;

h) Medical history;

i) Driving summonses/convictions;

j) Training hours and record; and

k) Key performance indicator including penalty record.

The platform providers should provide incentives to assist and encourage participation in the work-related road traffic safety programmes.

The incentives that should be considered include, but are not limited to:

a) Provision of discounted or free safety equipment (e.g. safety jacket, helmets, dash cams, etc.);

b) Financial support for vehicle purchase to facilitate safer journey or major maintenance on their vehicle; and

c) Vehicle service and maintenance at service centre (in-house or collaboration with external workshop):

Note 1 to entry: With this arrangement, platform providers are able to ensure the spare parts provided are genuine and sold at a reasonable price.

The platform providers should arrange for conducive and adequate rest and refreshment facilities on-site. The use of such facilities should be encouraged to ensure sufficient rest before journeys. The platform providers should make arrangements for platform drivers’ convenience e.g. hot drink station in collaboration with other party such as petrol station, etc.

The platform providers should conduct road traffic safety programmes which involve participation of its platform drivers and nearby communities

EXAMPLE Safe driving advocacy and road traffic safety campaign near the community area are good examples.

The platform providers should plan its operation and initiate activities that would support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. The platform providers should identify related goals and targets depending on the context of the platform providers but not limited to:

a) Goal 3 - Good health and well-being

i) Target 3.5 - Prevent and treat substance use; and

ii) Target 3.6 - Reduce road injuries and deaths.

b) Goal 4 - Quality education

i) Target 4.4 - Increase the number of people with relevant skills for financial success.

c) Goal 8 - Decent work and economic growth

i) Target 8.3 - Promote policies to support job creation and growing enterprises; and

ii) Target 8.8 - Protect labour rights and promote safe working environments.

d) Goal 11 - Sustainable cities and communities

i) Target 11.1 - Safe and affordable housing.

e) Goal 12 - Responsible consumption and production

i) Target 12.3 - Halve global per capita food waste;

ii) Target 12.5 - Substantially reduce waste generation; and

iii) Target 12.6 - Encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices and inability reporting.

The platform providers should explore other relevant SDGs and/or develop additional targets or indicators to suit platform provider’s context.

EXAMPLE In addition to the SDGs’ indicator for Target 3.6 - Death rate due to road traffic injuries, the following indicators that are in line with RTS performance factor could be considered:

a) Number of fatalities per 100 000 driver and/or 100 000 km travelled and/or trip made;

b) Number of crashes per 100 000 driver and/or 100 000 km travelled and/or trip made;

c) Percentage of personal safety equipment for driver and/or passenger;

d) Percentage of safe driving speed;

e) Percentage of crashes due to driver’s unfitness;

f) Percentage of driver equipped with first aid training; and

g) Post-crash response time.

Initiatives taken under the SDGs and their performances should be annually reported and made available to the public.

1. 
   (informative)
   
   Safe driving training

The safe driving training should be provided to all platform drivers and syllabus for safe driving training should:

a) focus on hazard recognition and risk assessment as well as vehicle control skills;

b) include the importance of understanding the risk of vulnerable road users and to be alert and cautious of them when driving, especially if their presence is at blind spots;

c) educate the platform drivers regarding the importance of proper fastening of safety helmet and seatbelt, and usage of protective clothing;

EXAMPLE Some examples of protective clothing are safety vest, safety shoes, gloves, etc.

d) emphasize and encourage reverse parking to avoid collision with pedestrians or other road users;

e) include stress and anger management; and

f) include understanding of road signage.

See Table A.1 for a recommended list of topics to be included within the syllabus of a safe driving training course. These may be selected, as appropriate, to address the national, and other, circumstances applicable to the platform providers.

The safe driving training should include an evaluated driving session. During the commentary driving session, the trainer should:

a) observe the platform drivers practicing the safe driving skill, which he/she has learnt, on the route that he/she frequently used; and

b) alert and re-brief the platform drivers if he/she made any mistakes and instruct him/her to drive again until the drive is perfect.

Table A.1 — Recommended list of safe driver training content

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Vehicle checklist and fault report

Table B.1 — Examples of motorcar or van checklist and fault report

Table B.1 — Examples of motorcar or van checklist and fault report (continued)

Table B.1 — Examples of motorcar or van checklist and fault report (continued)

All the items above have been checked and any defects and omissions reported.

Table B.2 — Examples of motorcar or van checklist and fault report

Table B.2 — Examples of motorcar or van checklist and fault report (continued)

All the items above have been checked and any defects and omissions reported.

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Example of investigation report checklist

Bibliography

[1] ISO 39002, Road traffic safety — Good practices for implementing commuting safety management