CEN/TC 229

Date: 20YY-XX

prEN XXXXX:20YY

Secretariat: AFNOR

Precast concrete products — Performance assessment and declaration

Betonfertigteile — Leistungsbeurteilung und -erklärung

Produits préfabriqués en béton — Évaluation et déclaration des performances

CCMC will prepare and attach the official title page.

Contents Page

European foreword 6

1 Scope 8

2 Normative references 11

3 Terms and definitions 14

4 Characteristics 18

4.1 Concrete 18

4.1.1 Characteristic compressive strength 18

4.1.2 Characteristic compressive strength lightweight concrete 19

4.1.3 Tensile splitting strength 19

4.1.4 Dry density lightweight concrete 19

4.1.5 Drying shrinkage 20

4.1.6 Maximum aggregate size 20

4.1.7 Water penetration depth of concrete 20

4.1.8 Water absorption 20

4.2 Reinforcing steel 20

4.2.1 Elongation at maximum load 20

4.2.2 Elongation after fracture 20

4.2.3 Stress ratio 20

4.2.4 Tensile yield strength 20

4.2.5 Ultimate tensile strength 20

4.3 Prestressing steel 21

4.3.1 Elongation at maximum load 21

4.3.2 Tensile 0,1 proof stress 21

4.3.3 Tensile 0,2 proof stress 21

4.3.4 Ultimate tensile strength 21

4.4 Mechanical strength – calculation aided by physical testing 21

4.5 Masts and poles: 5.4.3.Mechanical strength - testing 21

4.5.1 Junction boxes 21

4.5.2 Beams and blocks – concrete blocks, beams and blocks – lightweight concrete blocks, beams and blocks – clay blocks, beams and blocks – EPS blocks, and beams and blocks – blocks - permanent lightweight formwork 21

4.5.3 Foundation piles – rigidity of joints 23

4.5.4 Shuttering blocks and woodchip shuttering blocks 23

4.5.5 Floor slats for livestock 23

4.6 Fire performance 25

4.6.1 Propensity to undergo continuous smouldering 25

4.6.2 Reaction to fire 25

4.6.3 Resistance to fire 26

4.7 Water performance 26

4.7.1 Water vapour permeability 26

4.7.2 Water permeability 26

4.8 Thermal performance 27

4.8.1 Thermal conductivity – testing 27

4.8.2 Thermal conductivity – tabulated values 27

4.9 Acoustic performance 27

4.9.1 Airborne sound insulation index - calculation 27

4.9.2 Airborne sound insulation index – testing 27

4.9.3 Impact sound insulation - calculation 27

4.9.4 Impact sound insulation – testing 27

4.9.5 Sound absorption coefficient building elements 27

4.10 Other performances 27

4.10.1 Mass of the element 27

4.10.2 Air tightness class - HVAC flue elements 27

4.10.3 Mechanical resistance of rungs 28

4.10.4 Moisture expansion 28

4.11 Release of dangerous substances 28

4.11.1 Release of dangerous substances to indoor air 28

4.11.2 Release of dangerous substances to soil and ground water 28

4.12 Environmental sustainability 30

4.12.1 Reference service life 30

4.12.2 Life cycle assessment environmental characteristics 30

4.12.3 Resource use environmental characteristics 30

4.12.4 Waste environmental characteristics 31

4.12.5 Output flows environmental characteristics 32

4.12.6 Biogenic carbon content environmental characteristics 32

4.13 Performances in attached documentation of the product 32

4.13.1 General 32

4.13.2 Off-the-shelf products 32

4.13.3 Custom-made products 33

4.13.4 Set of drawings 33

4.13.5 Calculations 33

5 Testing, assessment and sampling methods 34

5.1 Concrete 34

5.1.1 Characteristic compressive strength 34

5.1.2 Characteristic compressive strength lightweight concrete 36

5.1.3 Tensile splitting strength 36

5.1.4 Dry density lightweight concrete 36

5.1.5 Drying shrinkage 36

5.1.6 Maximum aggregate size 36

5.1.7 Water penetration depth of concrete 36

5.1.8 Water absorption 36

5.2 Reinforcing steel 37

5.2.1 Elongation at maximum load 37

5.2.2 Elongation after fracture 37

5.2.3 Stress ratio 37

5.2.4 Tensile yield strength 37

5.2.5 Ultimate tensile strength 37

5.3 Prestressing steel 37

5.3.1 Elongation at maximum load 37

5.3.2 Tensile 0,1 proof stress 37

5.3.3 Tensile 0,2 proof stress 37

5.3.4 Ultimate tensile strength 37

5.4 Mechanical strength - calculation aided by testing 38

5.4.1 Box culverts 38

5.4.2 Fence elements 38

5.4.3 Masts and poles 38

5.5 Mechanical strength – testing 38

5.5.1 Junction boxes 38

5.5.2 Beams and blocks – concrete blocks, beams and blocks – lightweight concrete blocks, beams and blocks – clay blocks, beams and blocks – EPS blocks, and beams and blocks – blocks - permanent lightweight formwork 38

5.5.3 Foundation piles – rigidity of joints 39

5.5.4 Shuttering blocks and woodchip shuttering blocks 39

5.6 Reaction and resistance to fire 39

5.6.1 Propensity to undergo continuous smouldering 39

5.6.2 Reaction to fire 39

5.6.3 Resistance to fire 39

5.7 Water performance 39

5.7.1 Water vapour permeability 39

5.7.2 Water permeability 40

5.8 Thermal performance 40

5.8.1 Thermal conductivity – testing 40

5.8.2 Thermal conductivity – tabulated values 40

5.9 Acoustic performance 40

5.9.1 Airborne sound insulation index - calculation 40

5.9.2 Airborne sound insulation index – testing 40

5.9.3 Impact sound insulation - calculation 40

5.9.4 Impact sound insulation – testing 40

5.9.5 Sound absorption coefficient building elements 41

5.10 Other performances 41

5.10.1 Mass of the element 41

5.10.2 Air tightness class - HVAC flue elements 41

5.10.3 Mechanical resistance of rungs 41

5.10.4 Moisture expansion 41

5.11 Release of dangerous substances 41

5.11.1 Release of dangerous substances to indoor air 41

5.11.2 Release of dangerous substances to soil and ground water 42

5.12 Environmental sustainability 42

5.12.1 Reference service life 42

5.12.2 Life cycle assessment environmental characteristics 43

5.12.3 Resource use environmental characteristics 43

5.12.4 Waste environmental characteristics 43

5.12.5 Output flows environmental characteristics 43

5.12.6 Biogenic carbon environmental characteristics 43

5.13 Performances in attached documentation of the product 43

5.13.1 General 43

5.13.2 Off-the-shelf products 44

5.13.3 Custom-made products 44

6 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance – AVCP 44

6.1 General 44

6.2 Assessment of performance 45

6.2.1 General 45

6.2.2 Test samples, testing and assessment criteria 45

6.3 Verification of constancy of performance 82

6.3.1 Factory production control (FPC) 82

6.3.2 Initial inspection of factory and of FPC 100

6.3.3 Initial inspection of factory to validate environmental sustainability company specific data 101

6.3.4 Continuous surveillance of FPC 101

6.3.5 Environmental sustainability assessment validation 102

Annex A (normative) Verification by calculation aided by physical testing of box culverts 103

Annex B (normative) Loadbearing capacity testing of fence elements 108

Annex C (normative) Loadbearing capacity testing of masts and poles 114

Annex D (normative) Reaction to fire test for thin blocks 117

Annex E (normative) Measurement of dimensions 122

Annex F (normative) Test of water absorption 135

Annex G (normative) Test method for the verification of robustness and rigidity of pile joints 139

Annex H (normative) Loadbearing capacity testing of beams and blocks – concrete blocks, beams and blocks - lightweight concrete blocks, beams and blocks – clay blocks, beams and blocks - EPS blocks, and beams and blocks - blocks - permanent lightweight formwork 144

Annex I (normative) Determination of the mechanical strength of shuttering blocks and woodchip shuttering blocks 154

Annex J (normative) Mechanical strength of junction boxes 162

Annex K (normative) Environmental impact indicators 166

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard with Regulation (EU) No.305/2011 169

Bibliography 244

European foreword

This document (prEN 18190:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229 “Precast concrete products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.

This document will partially supersede:

EN 1168:2005+A3:2011, Precast concrete products – Hollow core slabs

EN 12839:2012, Precast concrete products — Elements for fences

EN 12737:2004+A1:2007, Precast concrete products – Floor slats for livestock

EN 12794:2005+A1:2007, Precast concrete products – Foundation piles

EN 12843:2004, Precast concrete products – Masts and poles

EN 13224:2011, Precast concrete products – Ribbed floor elements

EN 13225:2013, Precast concrete products – Linear structural elements

EN 13369:2023, Common rules for precast concrete products

EN 13693:2004+A1:2009, Precast concrete products – Special roof elements

EN 13747:2005+A2:2010, Precast concrete products – Floor plates for floor systems

EN 13978‑1:2005, Precast concrete products – Precast concrete garages – Part 1: Requirements for reinforced garages monolithic or consisting of single sections with room dimensions

EN 14843:2007, Precast concrete products – Stairs

EN 14844:2006+A2:2011, Precast concrete products – Box culverts

EN 14991:2007, Precast concrete products – Foundation elements

EN 14992:2007+A1:2012, Precast concrete products – Wall elements

EN 15037‑1:2008, Precast concrete products – Beam-and-block floor systems – Part 1: Beams

EN 15037‑2:2009+A1:2011, Precast concrete products – Beam-and-block floor systems – Part 2: Concrete blocks

EN 15037‑3:2009+A1:2011, Precast concrete products – Beam-and-block floor systems – Part 3: Clay blocks

EN 15037‑4:2010+A1:2013, Precast concrete products – Beam-and-block floor systems – Part 4: Expanded polystyrene blocks

EN 15037‑5:2013, Precast concrete products – Beam-and-block floor systems – Part 5: Lightweight blocks for simple formwork

EN 15050:2007+A1:2012, Precast concrete products – Bridge elements

EN 15258:2008, Precast concrete products – Retaining wall elements

EN 15435:2008, Precast concrete products — Normal weight and lightweight concrete shuttering blocks — Product properties and performance

EN 15498:2008, Precast concrete products — Wood-chip concrete shuttering blocks — Product properties and performance

This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its Member States.

For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

prEN 18190:2025 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the standards listed above:

— merging of the documents;

— removal of every clause not related to the assessment and verification of the constancy of performance in answer to the Standardisation Request;

— addition of the necessary clauses to answer new essential characteristics as listed in the Standardisation Request;

— replacement of the references to EN 206 with the corresponding technical content;

— removal of the references to Eurocode standards;

— updating of the Annex ZA considering the standardization request addressed to CEN by the European Commission.

This document also includes in its scope the following other precast concrete products:

— solid slabs;

— junction boxes;

— heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) flue elements.

This document covers the following products regardless of if manufactured in factories or in temporary plants on site under the same conditions:

a) Precast concrete products intended to be used as structural elements:

— linear structural elements, including columns, beams and frame elements, made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of products used as bridge elements and products of less than 4,5 m intended to be used as lintels in masonry wall;

— beams made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, with or without clay shells, to be used in conjunction with blocks as beam-and-block system and intended to be used for floor and roofing systems, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water;

— foundation elements, including columns with integrated foundation elements, pocket foundation elements and sockets, made of reinforced concrete or lightweight concrete, including the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of products using prestressing steel;

— foundation piles and segments of piles made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, including the use in contact with soil or ground water;

— poles (also called masts), made of concrete or lightweight concrete, hollow or solid, reinforced or prestressed, in one piece or composed of elements and their inserts and connectors, including the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of lighting columns for use in traffic circulation areas;

— bridge deck elements made of concrete, reinforced or prestressed, including the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of abutments, barriers, bumpers, piers, guards and arches;

— floor plates made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, intended to be used in floor systems in conjunction with cast-in-situ concrete, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of products used as bridge elements, and products with stiffening ribs taking a major part of the mechanical resistance, considered either as ribbed floor elements or hollow-core slabs;

— solid slabs made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, without voids or void formers intended to be used as self-supporting structural elements, such as floors, roofs, landings and balconies, which can be installed without a structural topping but to which a structural topping can be added, and with a cross section which is rectangular but may present slopes for drainage, grooves for handling and shear keys, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of balustrades without structural behaviour and slabs manufactured using hollow core slabs manufacturing process;

— hollow core slabs and solid slabs manufactured in the same way but without hollow cores, made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, with a maximum depth of 500 mm for prestressed elements and 300 mm for reinforced elements, to be used in conjunction with cast-in-situ concrete or without it, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water;

— ribbed floor elements made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, intended to be used for floors and roofs, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of floor plates for floor systems;

— floor slats for livestock made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, intended to be used for the housing of livestock, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of products used as load bearing elements other than stock and stockmen, and of prestressed single slat beams;

— hollow core, multilayer and composite loadbearing wall elements, made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of retaining walls;

— cladding elements, made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, intended to be used as non-loadbearing elements, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of non-reinforced cladding elements with a maximum size of 2,25 m², a maximum length of 1,5 m and a thickness smaller than 80 mm, which are considered non-structural;

— solid, hollow, multilayer and special roof elements, made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of ribbed floor elements and floor slabs elements;

— stairs (monolithic) made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, and kits of stairs constructed from individual steps, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water;

— retaining walls, made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, including the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of retaining walls intended to retain tanks or reservoirs of liquid and precast diaphragm walls (concrete sheet piling);

— rectangular cross-section box culverts, made of reinforced concrete or lightweight concrete, intended to be used as continuous elements for the creation of voids below ground, cable tunnels and subways, including the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of box culverts having both internal cross-sectional dimensions less than or equal to 1 250 mm which are considered non-structural, of products using prestressing steel, and of non-monolithic products;

— rectangular prismatic junction boxes, made of concrete or lightweight concrete, including the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of products using prestressing steel;

— garages as monolithic unit or as kits of single or double sections, made of reinforced concrete or lightweight concrete, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of products used as supporting upper structures and products using prestressing steel.

b) Precast concrete products not intended to be used as structural elements:

— fence elements, made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, including posts, panels, rails and base panels, intended to be used as light-structural or non-structural elements, including the use in contact with soil or ground water;

— hollow core shuttering blocks, made of concrete or lightweight concrete, to be used for form walls and partitions intended to be used as loadbearing and non-loadbearing elements, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of masonry units;

— wood-chip hollow core shuttering blocks, to be used for form walls and partitions intended to be used as loadbearing and non-loadbearing elements in conjunction with concrete infill, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of products intended to be used unfilled;

— composite wall elements made of concrete or lightweight concrete, reinforced or prestressed, intended to be used as non-loadbearing element, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water;

— cladding elements, made of concrete or lightweight concrete, non-reinforced, with a maximum size of 2,25 m², a maximum length of 1,5 m and a thickness smaller than 80 mm, intended to be used as non-loadbearing elements, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water;

— rectangular cross-section box culverts, made of reinforced concrete or lightweight concrete, having both internal cross-sectional dimensions less than or equal to 1 250 mm (small box culverts), intended to be used as light structural or non-structural continuous elements, for the creation of voids below ground, cable tunnels and subways, including the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of products using prestressing steel and non-monolithic products;

— heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) flue elements, made of concrete or lightweight concrete, intended to be used to convey heating, ventilation, and air conditioning gases, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water, to the exclusion of products intended to be used to convey smoke from a furnace, boiler or combustion chamber, products intended to be used to convey, control or limit smoke and fire propagation, and products using prestressing steel.

c) Blocks intended to be used as structural elements in conjunction with beams as beam-and-block system:

— precast concrete blocks made of concrete, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water;

— precast concrete blocks made of lightweight concrete, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water;

— blocks made of clay, with or without clay shells, to be used for floor and roofing systems, including the use in contact with indoor air and the use in contact with soil or ground water;

— blocks fully made of EPS or combined with different materials, and permanent formworks made of EPS, including the use in contact with indoor air;

— lightweight permanent formworks made of wood, plastic, cardboard, glass reinforced plastic, agglomerated stone, metal or a combination of them to be used as permanent formwork, including the use in contact with indoor air, to the exclusion of lightweight permanent formworks made of EPS.

This document does not cover:

— masonry and ancillary products;

— roof covering products for discontinuous laying;

— chimney components;

— products for wastewater treatment;

— paving units and kerbs;

— road equipment;

— prefabricated reinforced components of autoclaved aerated concrete or light-weight aggregate concrete with open structure;

— the design, production, handling, installation of the elements and the water tightness of joints between elements.

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

CEN/TS 15117:2005, Guidance on direct and extended application

EN 772‑1:2011+A1:2015, Methods of test for masonry units - Part 1: Determination of compressive strength

EN 772‑13:2000, Methods of test for masonry units – Part 13: Determination of net and gross dry density of masonry units (except for natural stone)

EN 772‑19:2000, Methods of test for masonry units - Part 19: Determination of moisture expansion of large horizontally perforated clay masonry units

EN ISO 29469:2022, Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of compression behaviour (ISO 29469:2022)

EN 933‑1:2012, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution - Sieving method

EN 1008:2002, Mixing water for concrete - Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete

EN 1365‑1:2012, Fire resistance tests for loadbearing elements - Part 1: Walls

EN 1365‑2:2014, Fire resistance tests for loadbearing elements - Part 2: Floors and roofs

EN 1365‑3:1999, Fire resistance tests for loadbearing elements - Part 3: Beams

EN 1365‑4:1999, Fire resistance tests for loadbearing elements - Part 4: Columns

EN 1365‑5:2004, Fire resistance tests for loadbearing elements - Part 5: Balconies and walkways

EN 1365‑6:2004, Fire resistance tests for loadbearing elements - Part 6: Stairs

EN 1507:2006, Ventilation for buildings - Sheet metal air ducts with rectangular section - Requirements for strength and leakage

EN 1745:2020, Masonry and masonry products — Methods for determining thermal properties

EN 12350‑7:2019^[1], Testing fresh concrete - Part 7: Air content - Pressure methods

EN 12390‑1:2021, Testing hardened concrete - Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and moulds

EN 12390‑2:2019, Testing hardened concrete - Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests

EN 12390‑3:2019, Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens

EN 12390‑4:2025, Testing hardened concrete - Part 4: Compressive strength - Specification for testing machines

EN 12390‑5:2019, Testing hardened concrete - Part 5: Flexural strength of test specimens

EN 12390‑6:2023, Testing hardened concrete - Part 6: Tensile splitting strength of test specimens

EN 12390‑7:2019^[2], Testing hardened concrete - Part 7: Density of hardened concrete

EN 12390‑8:2019, Testing hardened concrete - Part 8: Depth of penetration of water under pressure

EN 12390‑16:2019, Testing hardened concrete - Part 16: Determination of the shrinkage of concrete

EN 12504‑1:2019, Testing concrete in structures - Part 1: Cored specimens - Taking, examining and testing in compression

EN 12620:2002+A1:2008, Aggregates for concrete

EN 12664:2001, Thermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of thermal resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods - Dry and moist products of medium and low thermal resistance

EN 12667:2001, Thermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of thermal resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods - Products of high and medium thermal resistance

EN 13055:2016, Lightweight aggregates

EN 13101:2002, Steps for underground man entry chambers - Requirements, marking, testing and evaluation of conformity

EN 13163:2012+A2:2016, Thermal insulation products for buildings - Factory made expanded polystyrene (EPS) products - Specification

EN 13238:2010, Reaction to fire tests for building products - Conditioning procedures and general rules for selection of substrates

EN 13501‑1:2018, Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests

EN 13501‑2:2023, Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 2: Classification using data from fire resistance and/or smoke control tests, excluding ventilation services

EN 13823:2020+A1:2022, Reaction to fire tests for building products - Building products excluding floorings exposed to the thermal attack by a single burning item

EN 15080‑8:2009, Extended application of results from fire resistance tests - Part 8: Beams

EN 15804:2012+A2:2019^[3], Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules for the product category of construction products

EN 16516:2017+A1:2020, Construction products: Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Determination of emissions into indoor air

EN 16637‑1:2023, Construction products: Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Part 1: Guidance for the determination of leaching tests and additional testing steps

EN 16637‑2:2023, Construction products: Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Part 2: Horizontal dynamic surface leaching test

EN 16733:2016, Reaction to fire tests for building products - Determination of a building product's propensity to undergo continuous smouldering

EN 16757:2022, Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Product Category Rules for concrete and concrete elements

EN ISO 354:2003, Acoustics - Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room (ISO 354:2003)

EN ISO 717‑1:2020, Acoustics - Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 1: Airborne sound insulation (ISO 717-1:2020)

EN ISO 717‑2:2020, Acoustics - Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 2: Impact sound insulation (ISO 717-2:2020)

EN ISO 1182:2020, Reaction to fire tests for products - Non-combustibility test (ISO 1182:2020)

EN ISO 1716:2018, Reaction to fire tests for products - Determination of the gross heat of combustion (calorific value) (ISO 1716:2018)

EN ISO 10140‑2:2021, Acoustics - Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements - Part 2: Measurement of airborne sound insulation (ISO 10140-2:2021)

EN ISO 10140‑3:2021, Acoustics - Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements - Part 3: Measurement of impact sound insulation (ISO 10140-3:2021)

EN ISO 10456:2007^[4], Building materials and products - Hygrothermal properties -Tabulated design values and procedures for determining declared and design thermal values (ISO 10456:2007)

EN ISO 11925‑2:2020, Reaction to fire tests - Ignitability of products subjected to direct impingement of flame - Part 2: Single-flame source test (ISO 11925-2:2020)

EN ISO 12354‑1:2017, Building acoustics - Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the performance of elements - Part 1: Airborne sound insulation between rooms (ISO 12354-1:2017)

EN ISO 12354‑2:2017, Building acoustics - Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the performance of elements - Part 2: Impact sound insulation between rooms (ISO 12354-2:2017)

EN ISO 12572:2016, Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of water vapour transmission properties - Cup method (ISO 12572:2016)

EN ISO 15630‑2:2019, Steel for the reinforcement and prestressing of concrete - Test methods - Part 2: Welded fabric and lattice girders (ISO 15630-2:2019)

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1

acceptance number

highest number of non-conforming products for which the consignment is accepted

3.2

actual dimension

dimension found by measurement (on the finished product)

3.3

ambient conditions

hygrothermal conditions in the factory which result in effects on the hardening process of the concrete

3.4

base panel

horizontal fence panel of reinforced concrete used between posts at ground level

3.5

beam

linear structural element usually horizontal, for carrying loads primarily by flexure, entirely or partially precast

3.6

cantilever retaining wall

wall whose stability is obtained by its flexural and shear resistance connected to act compositely with a foundation slab

3.7

composite wall

wall consisting of two precast reinforced layers, separated by a gap, which are joined together by means of a lattice girder system

Note 1 to entry: On site, the space between the layers is filled with concrete. Composite walls may also consist of a shell with lattice girders with the other side limited by an existing wall or another formwork during the erection.

3.8

concrete cover

distance between the surface of the reinforcement closest to the nearest concrete surface (including links and stirrups and surface reinforcement where relevant) and the nearest concrete surface

[SOURCE: EN 1992‑1‑1:2023, 4.4.1.1]

3.9

concrete family

group of concrete compositions for which a reliable relationship between relevant properties is established and documented

[SOURCE: EN 206:2013+A2:2021, 3.1.1.2]

3.10

corner splay

internal chamfering of the corners of a box culvert

3.11

cut block

EPS block formed by cutting from EPS block

3.12

deviation

difference between an actual measure and the corresponding nominal dimension

3.13

embedment length

length of the pole segment firmly fixed in the surrounding of earth or foundation

3.14

floor plate

reinforced or prestressed concrete plates generally used as permanent formwork for cast-in-situ concrete, which, when hardened and liaised with the upper face of the floor plate, forms a structurally composite slab

Note 1 to entry: Some floor plates can be used as formwork for cast-in-situ concrete, with no contribution to the strength of the finished floor.

3.15

foundation pile

long element to be driven in the ground to provide support to the foundation

3.16

hollow core

void produced by specific industrial manufacturing techniques, located with a regular pattern

3.17

lattice girder

two dimensional or three-dimensional metallic structure comprising an upper chord, one or more lower chords and continuous or discontinuous diagonals which are welded or mechanically connected to the chords

[SOURCE: EN 10080:2005, 3.18]

3.19

loadbearing wall

wall element which carries external loads or is important for the safety of people

3.20

moulded block

EPS block formed by moulding

3.21

nominal dimension

dimension specified in the drawings and calculations and targeted at manufacture

3.22

non-loadbearing wall

wall element which carries only its self-weight and is neither necessary for the building stability nor important for the safety of people

3.23

panel

horizontal fence element of reinforced or pre-stressed concrete, connected to the post

3.24

pile joint

device by which separate segments of a segmental foundation pile are structurally connected

3.25

post

vertical fence element of reinforced or pre-stressed concrete, intended to be buried or fastened at its base

Note 1 to entry: This element is designed to accommodate solid or open-work panels and/or rails, meshes or wires.

3.26

precast concrete product

product which is made of concrete and is manufactured in a place different from the final destination of use, and which is the result of an industrial process

3.27

principal dimensions

length, width, depth or thickness

3.28

product family

group of products produced by one manufacturer for which the assessment results for one or more characteristics from any one product within the range are valid for all other products within this range

3.29

R1 type block

block for floor system allowing a mechanical liaison between the beam and the structural topping

Note 1 to entry: Its only mechanical function is that of formwork during the construction of the floor system. Blocks which are supported only on beam ledgers provide no mechanical function to the final floor.

3.30

R2 type block

block for floor system that extends over the beam header in the peak stress zone, contributing to the mechanical function of the final floor

Note 1 to entry: Blocks type R2 are generally used with self-bearing beams.

3.31

rail

horizontal fence element of reinforced or pre-stressed concrete, connected to and supported by the post

Note 1 to entry: Rails for sports grounds are distinguished from other types of rails.

3.32

solid panel

fence panel made of reinforced concrete without any opening

3.33

solid wall

precast wall of any shape produced as one solid unit including reinforcement and fixtures

3.34

special roof element

thin-walled structural element with variable transverse cross-section, such as folded plates, or shell elements, specifically intended for roofings with their typical loads

3.35

thermal conductivity

thermal transmission through unit area of a uniform material of unit thickness when unit difference of temperature is established between its faces

Note 1 to entry: Thermal conductivity is expressed in W/(mK).

[SOURCE: ISO 2424:2024, 9.2.4]

3.36

thick block

lightweight block for beam-and-block floor system constituted by one or several materials, which forms a filled product

3.37

thin block

lightweight block for beam-and-block floor system formed as a vault made of one or several layers of material

3.38

tolerance

range between the upper accepted maximum deviation and the lower accepted maximum deviation

3.39

topping

in-situ concrete layer cast over the entire floor surface and acting monolithically by bond with or without connecting reinforcement

3.40

web

solid material linking the faces or shells of a product

3.41

web recess

formed notch in a web

When assessed, the characteristic value of the compressive strength of concrete shall be determined in accordance with 5.1.1.

The performance shall be expressed as a class as indicated in Table 1. The characteristic compressive strength at 28 days of 150 mm diameter by 300 mm cylinders (f_ck,cyl) or the characteristic compressive strength at 28 days of 150 mm cubes (f_ck,cube), shall be used for classification.

Table 1 — Compressive strength classes for concrete

When assessed, the characteristic value of the compressive strength of lightweight concrete shall be determined in accordance with 5.1.2.

The performance shall be expressed as a class as indicated in Table 2. The characteristic compressive strength at 28 days of 150 mm diameter by 300 mm cylinders (f_ck,cyl) or the characteristic compressive strength at 28 days of 150 mm cubes (f_ck,cube), shall be used for classification.

Table 2 — Compressive strength classes for lightweight concrete

When assessed, the tensile splitting strength of concrete or lightweight concrete shall be determined in accordance with 5.1.3 and expressed in MPa rounded to the nearest 0,05.

When assessed, the dry density lightweight concrete shall be determined in accordance with 5.1.4 and expressed as a class in accordance with Table 3.

Table 3 — Dry density classes for lightweight concrete

When assessed, the drying shrinkage shall be determined in accordance with 5.1.5 and expressed in mm/m, rounded to the nearest 10.

When assessed, the maximum aggregate size shall be determined in accordance with 5.1.6 and expressed in mm rounded to the nearest integer.

When assessed, the water penetration depth of concrete shall be determined in accordance with 5.1.7 and expressed in mm rounded to the nearest integer.

When assessed, the water absorption shall be determined in accordance with 5.1.8 and expressed as a percentage rounded to the nearest 0,1 %.

The elongation at maximum load shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.1 and expressed as a percentage, rounded to the nearest 0,1 %.

The elongation after fracture shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.2 and expressed as a percentage, rounded to the nearest 0,1 %.

The stress ratio shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.3 and expressed as a percentage, rounded to the nearest 0,01 %.

The tensile yield strength shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.4 and expressed in MPa, rounded to the nearest integer.

The ultimate tensile strength shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.5 and expressed in MPa, rounded to the nearest integer.

The elongation at maximum load shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.1 and expressed as a percentage, rounded to the nearest 0,1 %.

The tensile 0,1 proof stress shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.2 and expressed in MPa, rounded to the nearest integer.

The tensile 0,2 proof stress shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.3 and expressed in MPa, rounded to the nearest integer.

The ultimate tensile strength shall be assessed in accordance with 5.3.4 and expressed in MPa, rounded to the nearest integer.

When the calculation of the mechanical strength characteristics is aided by testing, it shall be assessed whether the test result achieves a minimum 95 % ratio compared to the calculated performance. The result of this assessment shall be expressed as a Boolean: true when the minimum ratio is achieved and false when not.

The calculation shall be provided in the documentation attached to the declaration in accordance with 4.13.

For the following products, the test shall be made in accordance with:

— box culverts: 5.4.1 ;

— fence elements: 5.4.2.

Flexural strength

When assessed, the flexural strength shall be determined in accordance with 5.5.1.1 and expressed in daN rounded to the nearest 10.

Resistance to concentrated loads bottom

When assessed, the resistance to concentrated loads bottom shall be determined in accordance with 5.5.1.2 and expressed in daN rounded to the nearest 10.

Resistance to concentrated loads

When assessed, the resistance to concentrated loads of R1 type blocks shall be determined in accordance with 5.5.2.1 and expressed as a class in accordance with Table 4.

Table 4 — Resistance to concentrated loads classes — R1 blocks

Bending strength

When assessed, the resistance to concentrated loads of R2 type blocks shall be determined in accordance with 5.5.2.2 and expressed as a class in accordance with Table 5, where L is the block length in m (see Annex E).

Table 5 — Resistance to concentrated loads classes – R2 blocks

Longitudinal compression strength

When assessed, the characteristic longitudinal compression strength of resisting and semi-resisting blocks shall be determined in accordance with 5.5.2.3 and expressed as a class in accordance with Table 6.

Table 6 — Longitudinal compression strength classes

Transverse strength

When assessed, the transverse strength of resisting and semi-resisting blocks shall be determined in accordance with 5.5.2.4 and shall meet a threshold value of 3,5 kN.

Gross dry density beams and blocks - clay blocks

When assessed, the gross dry density of beams and blocks - clay blocks shall be determined in accordance with 5.5.2.5 and expressed as a class in accordance with Table 7.

Table 7 — Gross dry density classes for beams and blocks - clay blocks

compressive strength - beams and blocks - clay blocks

When assessed, the compressive strength of beams and blocks - clay blocks shall be determined in accordance with 5.5.2.6 and expressed in MPa rounded to the nearest 0,1.

compressive strength - beams and blocks - EPS blocks

When assessed, the compressive strength of beams and blocks - EPS blocks shall be determined in accordance with 5.5.2.7 and expressed in kPa rounded to the nearest 1.

When assessed, the rigidity of foundation piles joints shall be determined in accordance with 5.5.3 and expressed as a class in accordance with Table 8.

Table 8 — Foundation piles – Rigidity of joints classes

Flexural strength of shells

When assessed, the flexural strength of the shells f_f,m shall be determined on the thinnest shell in accordance with 5.5.4.1 and expressed in MPa rounded to the nearest 0,1.

Tensile strength of webs

When assessed, the mean tensile strength of the webs f_t,fl shall be determined on the smallest section of the webs in accordance with 5.5.4.2 and expressed in MPa rounded to the nearest 0,01.

When assessed, the mechanical strength of floor slats for livestock shall be expressed as a class in accordance with Table 9 based on the following loads:

— a vertical characteristic linear load q_k,

— a vertical characteristic point load F_k,v,

— a horizontal characteristic point load F_k,h.

Table 9 — Mechanical strength class - floor slats for livestock class

The given loading values include possible dynamic effects.

On top of the self-weight, the following load cases, corresponding to livestock and workers, shall be considered separately:

a) A combination of a vertical characteristic linear load q_k and a vertical characteristic point load F_k,v, located at the most unfavourable position on the axis of a beam (see Figure 1). Further linear load(s) q_k, placed at distance a (see Table 9) shall be added if this increases the action-effect.

The vertical point load shall act at a location that is relevant for the action-effect under consideration. Locations within a distance h from the inner edge of a support, where h is the height of the floor slat shall be disregarded.

In the case of floor slats with a/2 < b₁ < a where b₁ = b_o - b - s and b_o represents the overall slat width, b the beam width and s the gap width, a linear load ((2b₁/a) - 1) × q_k shall be added at distance b₁.

The combination of a linear load q_k and a vertical point load F_k,v shall be replaced by a point load 2F_k,v, located at the least favourable position on the axis of a beam, whenever this increases the action-effect.

Key

Figure 1 — Floor slats for livestock: vertical loads

b) A horizontal characteristic point load F_k,h, acting at the least favourable location for the action-effect under consideration (see Figure 2). The torsional effects caused by the horizontal point load shall be disregarded.

Key

Figure 2 — Floor slats for livestock: horizontal load

The calculation shall be part of the documentation provided with the declaration in accordance with 4.12.

When assessed, the propensity to undergo continuous smouldering shall be determined and described in accordance with 5.6.1.

General

The reaction to fire indicates the degree of contribution of the material/product to the behaviour of the concrete and lightweight concrete solid slabs, HVAC flue elements, junction boxes, beams and blocks - beams, box culverts, cladding elements, fence elements, floor plates for floor systems, floor slats for livestock, foundation elements, garage boxes, hollow core slabs, linear structural elements, loadbearing wall elements - solid, hollow core, multilayer and composite, non-load bearing wall elements - composite panels and partitions, masts and poles, retaining wall elements, ribbed floor elements, solid, hollow, multilayer and special roof elements, stairs, concrete deck elements for bridges, and beams and blocks – concrete blocks, beams and blocks - lightweight concrete blocks, beams and blocks – clay blocks, beams and blocks - EPS blocks, and beams and blocks - blocks - permanent lightweight formwork, in the event of fire. When tested in accordance with the test method given in clause 5.6.2, relevant for the claimed class, the test result is expressed as a class according to the classification published in the Official Journal of the European Union on this specific matter.

NOTE The applicable document at the time this standard was drafted is Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/364 of 1 July 2015 (see OJEU L, 2016-03-15).

The conditions for which the declared classification is valid may be included in the attached documentation.

Classification without further testing (WFT)

Whether products covered by this standard fulfil the conditions, under which they have demonstrated of having a stable reaction to fire performance in a given reaction to fire class, based on testing to the appropriate EN test methods, the established assigned class applies to these products without the need of carrying out further reaction to fire tests.

NOTE The rules to apply this classification are published as Commission Decisions or Commission Delegated Regulations.

Classification without testing (WT)

When products covered by this standard are made from one or more of the materials that have been considered, under established conditions, as belonging to the category “No contribution to fire” because of their low level of combustibility, the reaction to fire class A applies to these products without the need of carrying out reaction to fire tests.

NOTE The applicable document at the time this standard was drafted is Commission Decision 96/603/EEC, Materials to be considered as reaction to fire Class A without the need for testing as amended by Commission Decision 2000/605/EC of 26 September 2000 (see OJEU L, 2000-10-12).

The resistance to fire is the capability of the product to provide, in the event of fire and for a given time, one or more of the following behaviours:

— Load-bearing capacity (R);

— Integrity (E);

— Insulation (I).

When assessed in accordance with the test method indicated in 5.6.3, the result is expressed as class in minutes according to the classification published in the Official Journal of the European Union on this specific matter, completed by the established suffixes.

NOTE The applicable document at the time this standard was drafted is Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/1681 of 6 March 2024 (see OJEU L, 2024-06-13).

Water vapour permeability – equivalent air layer thickness

When assessed, the equivalent air thickness of water vapour permeability shall be determined in accordance with 5.7.1.1 and expressed as equivalent air layer thickness in m rounded to the unit.

Water vapour permeability – resistance factor - testing

When assessed, the water vapour permeability resistance factor shall be determined in accordance with 5.7.1.2 and expressed as µ factor rounded to the unit.

Water vapour permeability – resistance factor - tabulated values

When estimated through a tabulated value, the water vapour permeability shall be determined in accordance with 5.7.1.3 and expressed as µ factor.

When assessed, the water permeability shall be determined in accordance with 5.7.2 and expressed as a percentage rounded to the nearest 0,1 %.

When assessed, the thermal conductivity λ shall be determined in accordance with 5.8.1 and declared as a characteristic value in W/(m.K).

When estimated through a tabulated value, the thermal conductivity shall be determined in accordance with 5.8.2.

When calculated, the airborne sound insulation index shall be estimated in accordance with 5.9.1. It shall be expressed in one-third octave bands 100 Hz to 3 150 Hz and as a single number quantity with spectrum adaptation terms in accordance with EN ISO 717‑1:2020 in dB rounded to the first decimal.

When assessed, the airborne sound insulation index shall be measured in accordance with 5.9.2. It shall be expressed in one-third octave bands 100 Hz to 3 150 Hz and as a single number quantity with spectrum adaptation terms in accordance with EN ISO 717‑1:2020 in dB rounded to the first decimal.

When calculated, the impact noise transmission index shall be estimated by calculation in accordance with 5.9.3. It shall be expressed in the third octave bands 100 Hz to 3 150 Hz and as a single number quantity with spectrum adaptation terms in accordance with EN ISO 717‑2:2020 in dB rounded to the first decimal.

When assessed, the impact noise transmission index shall be measured in accordance with 5.9.4. It shall be expressed in the third octave bands 100 Hz to 3 150 Hz and as a single number quantity with spectrum adaptation terms in accordance with EN ISO 717‑2:2020 in dB rounded to the first decimal.

When assessed, the sound absorption coefficient of HVAC flue element sound absorbing covering materials shall be determined in accordance with 5.9.5 and expressed as a 10 % fractile with a 90 % confidence interval of the weighted sound absorption coefficient rounded to the nearest 0,01.

When assessed, the mass shall be determined in accordance with the test method given in clause 5.10.1 and expressed in kg rounded to the nearest integer for products up to 50 kg and to the nearest 10 for the other products.

When assessed, the air tightness class of HVAC flue elements shall be determined in accordance with 5.10.2.

When assessed, the mechanical resistance of rungs for junction boxes shall be determined in accordance with 5.10.3 and expressed in N rounded to the nearest 10.

Applies to beams and blocks - clay blocks

When assessed, the moisture expansion shall be determined in accordance with 5.10.4 and expressed in mm/m rounded to the nearest 0,1.

The release of the substances listed in Table 11 indicates the air concentration of the substance in the reference room for walls or floor, ceiling. When required and assessed in accordance with the test method given in 5.11.1, the test result is expressed as a value and rounded as indicated in Table 11.

Table 11 — Release of dangerous substances to indoor air

The release of the substances listed in Table 12 indicates the concentration of the substance in the eluates. When required and assessed in accordance with the test method given in 5.11.2, the test result is expressed as a value in rounded as indicated in Table 12.

Table 12 — Release of dangerous substances to soil and ground water

The reference service life is the service life to be expected under a set of reference in-use conditions consistent with the characteristics of the product. When required and assessed in accordance with the method given in clause 5.12.1, the results are expressed as a value in years.

Characteristics in Table 13 are related to the life cycle assessment of the product. When required and assessed in accordance with the method given in clause 5.12.2, the results are expressed as a value in the units included in Table 13 for modules A1 to A3 and for each module and European harmonised scenario described in clause 5.12.2.

Table 13 — Life cycle assessment environmental characteristics

Characteristics in Table 14 are related to the resource use over the life cycle of the product. When required and assessed in accordance with the method given in 5.12.3, the results are expressed as a value in the units included in Table 14 for modules A1 to A3 and for each module and European harmonised scenario described in 5.12.3.

Table 14 — Resource use environmental characteristics

Characteristics in Table 15 are related to the waste produced over the life cycle of the product. When required and assessed in accordance with the method given in 5.12.4, the results are expressed as a value in the units included in Table 15 for modules A1 to A3 and for each module and European harmonised scenario described in 5.12.4.

Table 15 — Waste environmental characteristics

Characteristics in Table 16 are related to the output flows over the life cycle of the product. When required and assessed in accordance with the method given in 5.12.5, the results are expressed as a value in the units included in Table 16 for modules A1 to A3 and for each module and European harmonised scenario described in 5.12.5.

Table 16 — Output flows environmental characteristics

Characteristics in Table 17 are related to the waste produced over the life cycle of the product. When required and assessed in accordance with the method given in 5.12.6, the results are expressed as a value in the units included in Table 17 for modules A1 to A3 and for each module and European harmonised scenario described in 5.12.6.

Table 17 — Biogenic carbon environmental characteristics

In case the structural behaviour, including fatigue resistance, earthquake resistance, fire resistance and durability, is expressed in a way not directly related to essential characteristics, the following applies.

In this case, information about the loads and exposure scenarios of product is not known so the relevant information comprises:

— A detailed set of drawings including nominal dimensions, tolerances and materials used allowing the determination of the behaviour when the loads and exposure scenarios are defined.

— When relavant, usual load and exposure scenarios and calculations or tabulated values relevant to them, including durability assessment, even if they do not reflect the applicable loads and exposures in which the product is used.

— When relevant, reference to the calculation methods, exposure scenarios and any relevant additional information.

The performance shall be assessed in accordance with 5.13.2.

In this case, information about the loads and exposure scenarios of the product is available so the relevant information comprises:

— A detailed set of drawings including nominal dimensions, tolerances and materials used allowing the calculation of the behaviour for the established loads and exposure scenarios.

— When relevant, the applicable load and exposure scenarios and calculations or tabulated values relevant to them, including durability assessment.

— When relevant, reference to the calculation methods, description of the exposure scenarios and any relevant additional information.

The performance shall be assessed in accordance with 5.13.3.

The drawings shall consider and include when relevant:

— The detailing as regards fixings, plans, drawings and tolerances;

— The joints details and fixings/fastening in thin-walled elements of HVAC flues;

— The connections to other elements of junction boxes and foundation elements;

— The loadbearing compression joints of loadbearing wall elements;

— the opening and joints, and detailing as regards connectors of masts and poles;

— The stem-base description of cantilever retaining walls;

— The shape, components, supports, connections, and complementary elements of special roof elements;

— The stress-strain curve of the reinforcing steel;

— The client inputs in the case of custom-made products.

The calculations shall consider and include when relevant:

— The traffic and fatigue situations;

— The performance under seismic conditions;

— The beam and block compatibility for beam-and-block floor systems;

— The cast-in-situ concrete topping of floor elements;

— The transient situations and shear and negative moments of floor elements;

— The formwork pressure for the concreting of composite walls on site;

— The beam-like behaviour, hyperstatic plate-systems behaviour, isostatic plate-system behaviour, and resistance verifications of special roof elements;

— The thermal insulation adhesion of shuttering blocks;

— The R, EI and REI resistance to fire classes when calculated or tabulated values are used;

— The client inputs in the case of custom-made products.

The characteristic compressive strength shall be determined on representative moulded specimens in accordance with EN 12390-3:2019.

The standard cylinder strength is obtained with a cylinder of 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height. The standard cube strength is obtained with a cube of 150 mm side length.

Cubes with a nominal size of at least 100 mm and not more than 150 mm and cylinders or cores with equal nominal length and diameter from 100 mm up to 150 mm can be assumed to give a strength value equivalent to the standard cube strength value obtained under the same ambient conditions.

Cylinders and cores with a nominal diameter of at least 100 mm and not larger than 150 mm and with a nominal length to diameter ratio equal to 2 can be assumed to give a strength value equivalent to the standard cylinder strength value obtained under the same ambient conditions.

For other shapes and sizes of specimens, conversion factors with the standard cylinder or cube strength shall be established by initial testing.

Cores with a nominal diameter less than 50 mm and/or a nominal length less than 0,7 times the diameter or cubes with a nominal size less than 50 mm shall not be used.

NOTE In order to obtain the (cylinder) strength f ° for drilled cores with d ≥ 50 mm diameter with length h not less than 0,7d, a proper shape correlation for the measured strength f ' can be calculated as a function of the size ratio h/d from the Formula hereafter:

f ° = f ' · (0,215 · ln(h/d) + 0,85),

where 0,7 ≤ h/d ≤ 2,0

EN 13791:2019 provides information on shape correlation factors.

Conversion factors for the relationship between indirect structural strength and direct structural strength shall be established by initial testing. Depending on the shape and/or size of the specimens to be considered this conversion factor can include a shape and/or size conversion factor.

For stabilized production processes where the composition of the concrete and curing methods are not changed, the compressive indirect structural strength may be determined by test specimens, made from fresh concrete, cured and stored in factory conditions as close to the precast concrete product as possible, provided an initial test has determined the correlation with the direct structural strength.

Density may be used as a characteristic for the establishment of the correlation.

For initial production, the characteristic compressive strength f_ck in MPa corresponding to the class as defined in Table 1 is determined based on the mean value f_cm of non-overlapping or overlapping groups of three consecutive results, expressed in MPa, as satisfying Formula (1) where f_ck is either f_ck,cyl or f_ck,cub:

f_ck ≤ (f_cm - 4) (1)

For continuous production (equal or superior to 15 samples) the characteristic compressive strength f_ck in MPa corresponding to the class as defined in Table 1 is determined based on the mean value f_cm of non-overlapping or overlapping groups of three consecutive results, expressed in MPa, as satisfying Formula (2) where f_ck is either f_ck,cyl or f_ck,cub and σ is the estimated standard deviation of the population:

f_ck ≤ f_cm – 1,48σ (2)

The determination method used for initial production may be kept during the continuous production.

Where this method is applied to a concrete family, the mean of all non-transposed test results (f_cm) for a single family member shall be compared with the criterion given in Table 18. Any concrete failing this criterion shall be removed from the family and checked individually.

The reintegration of the removed concretes is accepted only after revision of the established relationships between the removed composition and the reference concrete.

Table 18 — Confirmation criterion for family members

At the end of initial production, the standard deviation (σ) of the population shall be estimated from at least 35 consecutive test results taken over a period exceeding three months. When continuous production begins, this value of standard deviation shall be used over the first assessment period. At the end of the first and subsequent assessment periods, the standard deviation based on the corresponding n test results s_n is checked to determine whether it has changed significantly compared to σ, using the limits given in Table 19 or determined by Formula (3) in case of more than 35 test results. If it has not changed significantly, the current estimate of the standard deviation applies to the following assessment period. When there is a significant change in standard deviation, a new standard deviation is calculated from the most recent 35 consecutive results and applied to the following assessment period.

Table 19 — Values for verification of standard deviation

(3)

where is the α -fractile of a chi-square distribution with ν = n – 1 degrees of freedom.

The characteristic compressive strength lightweight concrete shall be determined in accordance with 5.1.1.

The provisions of 5.1.1 for concrete families apply also to lightweight concrete families.

When tested, the tensile splitting strength of concrete or lightweight concrete shall be determined in accordance with EN 12390-6:2023.

When tested, the dry density of lightweight concrete shall be determined as a mean value of measurements made in accordance with EN 12390-7:2019 under “oven-dried conditions”.

When tested, the drying shrinkage in end use conditions shall be determined as a mean value of measurements made in accordance with EN 12390-16:2019.

When tested, the maximum aggregate size D shall be determined in accordance with EN 12620:2002+A1:2008, Table 2, for normal weight aggregates, or EN 13055:2016, 5.3.3, for lightweight aggregates, based on testing in accordance with EN 933-1:2012.

When tested, the water penetration depth of concrete shall be determined in accordance with EN 12390-8:2019.

When tested, the water absorption shall be determined in accordance with Annex F.

The elongation at maximum load shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 15630-1:2019. Alternative determination methods may be accepted. In this case, a correlation with the reference method shall be provided when possible.

The elongation after fracture shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 15630-1:2019. Alternative determination methods may be accepted. In this case, a correlation with the reference method shall be provided when possible.

The stress ration shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 15630-1:2019. Alternative determination methods may be accepted. In this case, a correlation with the reference method shall be provided when possible.

The tensile yield strength shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 15630-1:2019. Alternative determination methods may be accepted. In this case, a correlation with the reference method shall be provided when possible.

The ultimate tensile strength shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 15630-1:2019. Alternative determination methods may be accepted. In this case, a correlation with the reference method shall be provided when possible.

The elongation at maximum load shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 15630-3:2019. Alternative determination methods may be accepted. In this case, a correlation with the reference method shall be provided when possible.

The tensile 0,1 proof stress shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 15630-3:2019. Alternative determination methods may be accepted. In this case, a correlation with the reference method shall be provided when possible.

The tensile 0,2 proof stress shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 15630-3:2019. Alternative determination methods may be accepted. In this case, a correlation with the reference method shall be provided when possible.

The ultimate tensile strength shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 15630-3:2019. Alternative determination methods may be accepted. In this case, a correlation with the reference method shall be provided when possible.

The test shall be made in accordance with Annex A.

The test shall be made in accordance with Annex B.

The test shall be made in accordance with Annex C.

Flexural strength

When tested, the flexural strength shall be determined in accordance with J.1.

Resistance to concentrated loads bottom

When tested, the resistance to concentrated loads bottom shall be determined in accordance with J.2.

Resistance to concentrated loads

When tested, the resistance to concentrated loads of R1 type blocks shall be determined through a punching-bending strength test in accordance with H.1.

Bending strength

When tested, the resistance to concentrated loads of R2 type blocks shall be determined through a bending strength test in accordance with H.2.

Longitudinal compression strength

When tested, the characteristic longitudinal compression strength of resisting and semi-resisting blocks shall be determined in accordance with H.3.

Transverse strength

When tested, the transverse strength of resisting and semi-resisting blocks shall be determined in accordance with H.4.

Gross dry density beams and blocks - clay blocks

When tested, the gross dry density of beams and blocks - clay blocks shall be determined in accordance with EN 772-13:2000.

compressive strength - beams and blocks - clay blocks

When tested, the compressive strength of beams and blocks - clay blocks shall be determined in accordance with EN 772-1:2011+A1:2015.

compressive strength - beams and blocks - EPS blocks

When tested, the compressive strength of beams and blocks - EPS blocks shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 29469:2022.

When tested, the rigidity of foundation piles joints shall be determined in accordance with Annex G.

Flexural strength of shells

When tested, the flexural strength of the shells f_f,m shall be determined on the thinnest shell in accordance with I.1.

Tensile strength of webs

The tensile strength of the webs f_t,fl shall be determined on the smallest section of the webs in accordance with I.2.

When tested, the propensity to undergo continuous smouldering shall be determined and described in accordance with EN 16733:2016. The specimens shall be cut out form products in accordance with EN 16733:2016, 6.2. For the conditioning of the specimens, EN 13238:2010 shall apply. The direct and extended application of the results shall be established based on CEN/TS 15117:2005.

The reaction to fire class shall be determined in accordance with EN 13501-1:2018. The following testing standards shall apply with the indicated dated version: EN 13823:2020+A1:2022, EN ISO 1182:2020, EN ISO 1716:2018, EN ISO 11925-2:2020.

When relevant, the maximum content of homogeneously distributed organic material shall be assessed.

In the case of beams and blocks - EPS blocks, and beams and blocks - blocks - permanent lightweight formwork, the single item burning test described in EN 13823:2020+A1:2022 shall be adapted in accordance with Annex D for thin blocks.

The resistance to fire classification shall be assessed in accordance with EN 13501-2:2023.

The following testing standards shall apply with the indicated dated version: EN 1365-1:2012, EN 1365-2:2014, EN 1365-3:1999, EN 1365-4:1999, EN 1365-5:2004, EN 1365-6:2004. For beams, EN 15080-8:2009 shall apply for the EXAP rules.

Water vapour permeability – equivalent air layer thickness

When tested, the equivalent air thickness of water vapour permeability shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 12572:2016 in dry (A) and/or, if relevant for the intended use, wet (C) conditions.

Water vapour permeability – resistance factor - testing

When tested, the water vapour permeability resistance factor shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 12572:2016 in dry (A) and/or, if relevant for the intended use, wet (C) conditions.

Water vapour permeability – resistance factor - tabulated values

When estimated through a tabulated value, the water vapour permeability shall be determined as µ factor from EN ISO 10456:2007.

When tested, the water permeability of concrete HVAC flues shall be determined through a water absorption test in accordance with Annex F.

When tested, the thermal conductivity λ_10,dry shall be determined in accordance with EN 12664:2001.

For samples of thermal resistance higher than 0,5 m².K/W, EN 12667:2001 shall apply.

For beams and blocks - EPS blocks, the λ_D value shall be determined in accordance with EN 13163:2012+A2:2016.

When estimated through a tabulated value, the thermal conductivity shall be expressed as λ value in W/(m.K) from EN ISO 10456:2007, Table 3.

For beams and blocks - concrete blocks, beams and blocks – lightweight concrete blocks, and beams and blocks - clay blocks, the λ_10,dry value shall be taken from EN 1745:2020, Annex A.

When calculated, the airborne sound insulation index shall be estimated following EN ISO 12354‑1:2017.

In the case of floor plates for floor systems, the influence of the joint between floor plates for floor systems may be neglected in the calculation.

When tested, the airborne sound insulation index shall be measured in accordance with EN ISO 10140‑2:2021.

When calculated, the impact noise transmission index shall be estimated by calculation following EN ISO 12354‑2:2017.

In the case of floor plates for floor systems, the influence of the joint between floor plates for floor systems may be neglected in the calculation.

When tested, the impact noise transmission index shall be measured in accordance with EN ISO 10140‑3:2021.

When tested, the sound absorption coefficient of HVAC flue element sound absorbing covering materials shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 354:2003.

Shuttering blocks, woodchip shuttering blocks, beams and blocks - concrete blocks, beams and blocks – lightweight concrete blocks, beams and blocks - clay blocks, beams and blocks - EPS blocks and beams and blocks – blocks – permanent lightweight formwork shall be weighed with an accuracy of 0,1 %. The value shall be expressed as a median value in kg rounded to the nearest 0,1.

For other products, the mass shall be determined by weighing with an accuracy of ±3 % or estimated by calculation and expressed in kg rounded to the nearest 10. In case of mass production, the value shall be given as a median value.

The estimated mass shall be calculated from:

— the nominal dimensions of the finished product;

— the mean value of concrete density representative for the finished product considered, and measured from the test specimen used for compressive strength according to EN 12390-3:2019;

— the amount of reinforcement of the finished product.

When tested, the air tightness class shall be determined in accordance with EN 1507:2006.

When tested, the mechanical resistance of rungs for junction boxes shall be determined in accordance with EN 13101:2002, Annex D.

When tested, the moisture expansion of beams and blocks – clay blocks shall be determined in accordance with EN 772-19:2000.

Release of dangerous substances to indoor air shall be tested according to EN 16516:2017+A1:2020 using the following testing specimens and sampling methodology:

— The sample shall be constituted by:

— 6 products for large products,

— The minimum number of shuttering blocks or woodchip shuttering blocks to make 6 times 1 m² of wall,

— The minimum number of beams and blocks – concrete blocks, beams and blocks - lightweight concrete blocks, beams and blocks – clay blocks, beams and blocks - EPS blocks, beams and blocks - blocks - permanent lightweight formwork to make 6 times 1 m² of ceiling.

— The faces which are not supposed to be in contact with indoor air shall be sealed.

— The products shall be at least 28 days old and kept in the factory normal storage conditions.

— The loading factors L shall be the following:

— 1,0 m²/m³ for HVAC flue elements, cladding elements, hollow core, multilayer and composite loadbearing wall elements - solid, hollow core, multilayer and composite, non-load bearing wall elements - composite panels and partitions, garage boxes, hollow core shuttering blocks, wood-chip hollow core shuttering blocks, ,

— 0,4 m²/m³ for solid slabs, beams and blocks – concrete blocks, beams and blocks - lightweight concrete blocks, beams and blocks – clay blocks, beams and blocks - EPS blocks, beams and blocks - blocks - permanent lightweight formwork, floor plates for floor systems, hollow core slabs, ribbed floor elements, solid, hollow, multilayer and special roof elements, stairs,

— 0,05 m²/m³ for beams and blocks – beams, linear structural elements, floor slats for livestock.

The result derived from the assessment will correspond to the median of the results observed in the tested samples. The resulting value should be rounded to the nearest integer to determine its classification.

The performance shall be expressed in dimensions ML-3 and in unit mg/m³

Release of dangerous substances to soil and ground water shall be tested according to EN 16637-2:2023 using testing specimens according to EN 16637-1:2023 and the following sampling methodology:

— Large products: 6 representative moulded specimens in accordance with EN 12390-1:2021 and EN 12390-2:2019, or representative cores in accordance with EN 12504-1:2019, or sawn specimens, with at least 7 500 mm² of exposed side for cores and sawn specimens,

— Shuttering blocks, woodchip shuttering blocks, beams and blocks – concrete blocks, beams and blocks - lightweight concrete blocks, and beams and blocks – clay blocks: 6 specimens sawn from different products, with at least 7 500 mm² of exposed side,

— The faces which are not supposed to be in contact with soil and ground water (non-moulded faces and sawn faces) shall be sealed.

— The specimens shall be at least 28 days old and kept in the factory normal product storage conditions.

The result derived from the assessment will correspond to the median of the results observed in the tested samples. The resulting value should be rounded to the nearest integer.

The performance shall be expressed in dimensions ML-2 and in unit mg/m²

The reference service life shall be defined according to Annex K of this document.

The result derived from the assessment will correspond to minimum value determined (in case of more than one) rounded to the nearest integer.

The performance shall be expressed in dimensions T and in unit year.

Life cycle assessment environmental characteristics shall be assessed according to EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, EN 16757:2022 and Annex K of this document.

The results derived from the assessment will correspond to the results for each module and each European harmonized scenario, as described in EN 16757:2022 and Annex K.

The performance shall be expressed in the dimensions and units included in Table 13.

Resource use environmental characteristics shall be assessed according to EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, EN 16757:2022 and Annex K of this document.

The results derived from the assessment will correspond to the results for each module and each European harmonized scenario, as described in EN 16757:2022 and Annex K.

The performance shall be expressed in the dimensions and units included in Table 14.

Waste environmental characteristics shall be assessed according to EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, EN 16757:2022 and Annex K of this document.

The results derived from the assessment will correspond to the results for each module and each European harmonized scenario, as described in EN 16757:2022 and Annex K.

The performance shall be expressed in the dimensions and units included in Table 15.

Output flows environmental characteristics shall be assessed according to EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, EN 16757:2022 and Annex K of this document.

The results derived from the assessment will correspond to the results for each module and each European harmonized scenario, as described in EN 16757:2022 and Annex K.

The performance shall be expressed in the dimensions and units included in Table 16.

Biogenic carbon environmental characteristics shall be assessed according to EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, EN 16757:2022 and Annex K of this document.

In case the product is not made of materials containing biogenic carbon the value declared for the characteristic biogenic carbon content in product shall be 0. The same approach shall be used for the characteristic biogenic carbon content in accompanying packaging.

The results derived from the assessment will correspond to the results for each module and each European harmonized scenario, as described in EN 16757:2022 and Annex K.

The performance shall be expressed in the dimensions and units included in Table 17.

In case the structural behaviour, including fatigue resistance, earthquake resistance, fire resistance and durability is assessed in a way not directly related to the essential characteristics of the product, appropriate methods and procedures for the determination of the geometrical data and materials used shall be established.

The assessment shall take into consideration usual load and exposure scenarios and calculations or tabulated values related to them, including durability assessment. The results may not reflect the real conditions in which the product is installed so they may require further verifications. In particular, the following elements shall be assessed when calculations or tabulated values are provided:

— Appropriateness of the calculation method and tabulated values applied to perform the calculation considering a usual load and exposure scenario;

— Validation of the input data for the calculation or tabulated values including the materials and constituents and their characteristics;

— Validation of the processing of data in relation to the calculation tool or tabulated value including the appropriateness of software used, if any;

— Validation of the results of the assessment.

The assessment shall take into consideration the established load and exposure scenarios and calculations or tabulated values related to them, including durability assessment. In particular, the following elements shall be assessed in relation to the established conditions:

— Appropriateness of the calculation method and tabulated values applied to perform the calculation considering the applicable load and exposure scenario;

— Validation of the input data for the calculation or tabulated values including the materials and constituents and their characteristics;

— Validation of the processing of data in relation to the calculation tool or tabulated value, including the appropriateness of software used, if any;

— Validation of the results of the assessment.

When the result of the calculations or the applicable tabulated values are provided together with the loads and exposure scenarios only the following conditions apply:

— Appropriateness of the calculation method and tabulated values applied to perform the calculation considering the applicable load and exposure scenario;

— Validation of the input data as regards the materials and constituents and their characteristics;

— Verification that the final product, manufacturing process and other established conditions are fulfilled.

The technical details necessary for the implementation of the systems of assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) comprise provisions with regards to:

— the assessment of the performance of the products, which may be carried out on the basis of testing (including sampling), calculation, tabulated values or descriptive documentation of the product; and

— the applicable factory production control (FPC).

When the intention is to declare any performance related to characteristics included in Annex ZA of this document this shall be carried out on the basis of testing (including sampling), calculation, tabulated values or modelling of the product, in accordance with Clause 'Characteristics'.

Assessment previously performed in accordance with the provisions of this document may be considered, provided that this assessment was performed to the same or a more rigorous assessment method, under the same AVCP system on the same product or products of similar design, construction and functionality, such that the results are applicable to the product in question.

For the purposes of assessment, the products may be grouped into families, where it is considered that the results for one or more characteristics from any one product within the family are representative for that same characteristic for all products within that same family.

NOTE Products can be grouped in different families for different characteristics.

In addition, the assessment of the performance shall be:

— carried out for all characteristics included in this document for which it is intended to declare the performance and for the attached documentation of the product:

— on first application of this document; or

— at the beginning of the production of a new or modified product, unless a member of the same product family; or

— at the beginning of a new or modified method of production, where the modification may affect the stated properties;

— in case the list of characterization factors for the environmental assessment of products is revised.

— repeated for the characteristic(s) in question and for the attached documentation, whenever a change occurs in the product design, in the raw material(s) or in the supplier of the components, and/or in the method of production (subject to the definition of a family), which may affect significantly the performance of one or more of the characteristics or the attached documentation.

Where components are used whose performance in relation to their characteristics and attached documentation has already been determined on the basis of assessment methods of other harmonized technical specifications and those components bear CE marking in accordance with those harmonized technical specifications, these performances and attached documentation do not need to be re-assessed, if the intended use and the assessment methods of this document correspond to those used in relation to the components. The specifications of these components shall be documented.

The samples to be tested/assessed shall be in accordance with Tables 20 to 56. Otherwise indicated, the number of specimens corresponds to 1 sample.

Table 20 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: solid slabs

Table 21 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: HVAC flue elements

Table 22 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: junction boxes

Table 23 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: beams and blocks - beams

Table 24 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: beam-and blocks – concrete blocks

Table 25 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: beams and blocks – lightweight concrete blocks

Table 26 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: beams and blocks – clay blocks

Table 27 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: beams and blocks – EPS blocks

Table 28 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: beams and blocks – permanent lightweight formwork

Table 29— Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: box culverts

Table 30 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: deck elements for bridges

Table 31 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: cladding elements

Table 32 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: fence elements

Table 33 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: floor plates for floor systems

Table 34 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: floor slats for livestock

Table 35 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: foundation elements

Table 36 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: foundation piles

Table 37 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: garage boxes

Table 38 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: hollow core slabs

Table 39 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: linear structural elements

Table 40 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: loadbearing wall elements – solid, hollow core, multilayer and composite

Table 41 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: masts and poles

Table 42 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: non-loadbearing wall elements – composite panels and partitions

Table 43 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: retaining wall elements

Table 44 — Number of specimens to be tested and assessment criteria: ribbed floor elements