ISO/TC 138/SC3 N1244

ISO/DIS 15494:2025(en)

ISO/TC 138/SC 03

Secretariat: UNI

Date: 2025-04-01

Plastics piping systems for industrial applications — Polybutene (PB), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE-RT), crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X), polypropylene (PP) — Metric series for specifications for components and the system

Systèmes de canalisations en matiéres plastique pour les applications industrielles — Polybutène (PB), Polyéthylène (PE), polyéthylène de meilleure résistance à la température (PE-RT), polyéthylène réticulé (PE-X), polypropylène (PP) — Séries métriques pour les spécifications pour les composants et le système

© ISO 2025

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Contents

Foreword ix

Introduction x

1 Scope 1

2 Normative references 2

3 Terms and definitions 4

3.1 Geometrical definitions 5

3.2 Material definitions 6

3.3 Definitions related to material characteristics 7

3.4 Definitions related to service conditions 8

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 8

4.1 Symbols 8

4.2 Abbreviated terms 9

5 Material 10

5.1 General 10

5.2 Hydrostatic strength properties 10

5.3 Material characteristics 10

5.3.3 Resistance to rapid crack propagation, RCP 11

5.4 Materials for components not made from PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X, or PP 11

5.4.1 General 11

5.4.2 Metallic materials 11

5.4.3 Sealing materials 11

5.4.4 Other materials 12

6 General characteristics 12

6.1 Appearance 12

6.2 Colour 12

6.3 Influence of UV radiation 12

6.4 Resistance to rapid crack propagation, RCP 12

7 Geometrical characteristics 13

7.1 General 13

7.2 Mean outside diameters, out-of-roundness (ovality), and tolerances 13

7.3 Wall thicknesses and related tolerances 13

7.4 Angles 13

7.5 Laying lengths 13

7.6 Threads 13

7.7 Mechanical fittings 13

7.8 Joint dimensions of valves 14

8 Mechanical characteristics 14

8.1 Resistance to internal pressure of components 14

8.2 Calculation of the test pressure for components 14

8.2.1 Pipes 14

8.2.2 Fittings 14

8.2.3 Valves 14

9 Physical characteristics 14

10 Chemical characteristics 14

10.1 Effects on the component material(s) 14

10.2 Effects on the fluids 15

11 Electrical characteristics 15

12 Performance requirements 15

12.1 General 15

12.2 Fusion compatibility 16

13 Classification of components 16

14 Design and installation 16

15 Declaration of conformity 16

16 Marking 16

16.1 General 16

16.2 Minimum required marking of pipes 16

16.3 Minimum required marking of fittings 17

16.4 Minimum required marking of valves 18

Annex A (normative) Specific characteristics and requirements for industrial piping systems made from polybutene (PB) 19

A.1 Material 19

A.1.1 Material classification 19

A.1.2 Material verification of conformity to reference curves 19

A.1.3 Material characteristics 22

A.1.4 Crystallization 22

A.2 General characteristics: Colour 22

A.3 Geometrical characteristics 22

A.3.1 Dimensions of pipes 22

A.3.1.1 Diameters and related tolerances 22

A.3.1.2 Out-of-roundness 23

A.3.1.3 Wall thicknesses and related tolerances 24

A.3.2 Dimensions of fittings 24

A.3.2.1 General 24

A.3.2.2 Socket fusion fittings 25

A.3.2.2.1 Types of socket fusion fittings 25

A.3.2.2.2 Diameters and lengths of sockets 25

A.3.2.2.3 Other dimensions 27

A.3.2.3 Electrofusion fittings 27

A.3.2.3.1 Dimensions of sockets of electrofusion fittings 27

A.3.2.3.2 Other dimensions 28

A.3.2.4 Flange adaptors and loose backing flanges 28

A.3.2.4.1 Dimensions of flange adaptors for socket fusion 28

A.3.2.4.2 Dimensions of loose backing flanges for use with flange adaptors for socket fusion 30

A.4 Mechanical characteristics 31

A.4.1 Mechanical characteristics of pipes and fittings 31

A.4.2 Mechanical characteristics of valves 32

A.5 Physical characteristics 32

A.5.1 Physical characteristics of pipes 32

A.5.2 Physical characteristics of fittings 33

A.5.3 Physical characteristics of valves 33

A.6 Fitness for purpose of the system 33

Annex B (normative) Specific characteristics and requirements for industrial piping systems made from polyethylene (PE) 34

B.1 Material 34

B.1.1 General 34

B.1.2 Material classification and designation 34

B.1.3 Material verification of conformity to reference curves 34

B.1.4 Material characteristics 38

B.1.5 Type of pipe 41

B.2 General characteristics: Colour 41

B.3 Geometrical characteristics 41

B.3.1 Dimensions of pipes 41

B.3.1.1 Diameters and related tolerances 41

B.3.1.2 Out-of-roundness 41

B.3.1.3 Wall thicknesses and related tolerances 43

B.3.2 Dimensions of fittings 44

B.3.2.1 General 44

B.3.2.2 Butt fusion fittings 45

B.3.2.2.1 Outside diameters 45

B.3.2.2.2 Out-of-roundness 45

B.3.2.2.3 Wall thickness of the spigot end 45

B.3.2.2.4 Wall thickness of fitting body 47

B.3.2.2.5 Other dimensions 47

B.3.2.3 Socket fusion fittings 47

B.3.2.3.1 Types of socket fusion fittings 47

B.3.2.3.2 Diameters and lengths of sockets 47

B.3.2.3.3 Other dimensions 49

B.3.2.4 Electrofusion fittings 49

B.3.2.4.1 Dimensions of sockets of electrofusion fittings 49

B.3.2.4.2 Dimensions of electrofusion saddle fittings 51

B.3.2.4.3 Other dimensions 52

B.3.2.5 Flange adaptors and loose backing flanges 52

B.3.2.5.1 Dimensions of flange adaptors for butt fusion 52

B.3.2.5.2  Dimensions of flange adaptors for socket fusion 59

B.3.2.5.3 Dimensions of loose backing flanges for use with flange adaptors for socket fusion 60

B.3.2.6 Prefabricated fittings 61

Where the description and dimensions of fittings of this type is required, ISO 4427-3:2019 Annex B applies. 61

B.4 Mechanical characteristics 61

B.4.1 Mechanical characteristics of pipes and fittings 61

B.4.1.1 General 61

B.4.1.2 Retest in case of failure at 80 °C 62

B.4.2 Mechanical characteristics of valves 62

B.5 Physical characteristics 62

B.5.1 Physical characteristics of pipes 63

B.5.2 Physical characteristics of fittings 65

B.5.3 Physical characteristics of valves 65

B.6 Fitness for purpose of the system 66

Annex C (normative) Specific characteristics and requirements for industrial piping systems made from polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE-RT) 67

C.1 Material 67

C.1.1 General 67

C.1.2 Material classification 67

C.1.3 Material verification of conformity to reference curves 67

C.1.4 Material characteristics 70

C.1.5 Coextruded pipe 71

C.2 General characteristics: colour 71

C.3 Geometrical characteristics 71

C.4 Mechanical characteristics 71

C.4.1 Mechanical characteristics of pipes and fittings 71

C.4.2 Mechanical characteristics of valves 72

C.5 Physical characteristics 72

C.5.1 Physical characteristics of pipes 72

C.5.2 Physical characteristics of fittings 74

C.5.3 Physical characteristics of valves 74

C.6 Fitness for purpose of the system 74

Annex D (normative) Specific characteristics and requirements for industrial piping systems made from crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) 75

D.1 Material 75

D.1.1 Material classification 75

D.1.2 Material verification of conformity to reference curves 75

D.1.3 Material characteristics 77

D.2 General characteristics: Colour 78

D.3 Geometrical characteristics 78

D.3.1 Dimensions of pipes 78

D.3.1.1 Diameters and related tolerances 78

D.3.1.2 Out-of-roundness 78

D.3.1.3 Wall thicknesses and related tolerances 79

D.3.2 Dimensions of fittings 80

D.3.2.1 General 80

D.3.2.2 Electrofusion fittings 80

D.3.2.2.1 Dimensions of sockets of electrofusion fittings 80

D.3.2.2.2 Other dimensions 82

D.3.2.3 Flange adaptors and loose backing flanges 82

D.4 Mechanical characteristics 82

D.4.1 Mechanical characteristics of pipes and fittings 82

D.4.2 Mechanical characteristics of valves 83

D.5 Physical characteristics 83

D.5.1 Physical characteristics of pipes 83

D.5.2 Physical characteristics of fittings 83

D.5.3 Physical characteristics of valves 84

D.6 Fitness for purpose of the system 84

Annex E (normative) Specific characteristics and requirements for industrial piping systems made from polypropylene (PP) 85

E.1 Material 85

E.1.1 General 85

E.1.2 Material classification 85

E.1.3 Material verification of conformity to reference curves 85

E.1.4 Material characteristics 91

E.2 General characteristics: Colour 92

E.3 Geometrical characteristics 92

E.3.1 Dimensions of pipes 92

E.3.1.1 Diameters and related tolerances 92

E.3.1.2 Out-of-roundness 92

E.3.1.3 Wall thicknesses and related tolerances 93

E.3.2 Dimensions of fittings 95

E.3.2.1 General 95

E.3.2.2 Butt fusion fittings 95

E.3.2.2.1 Outside diameters 95

E.3.2.2.2 Out-of-roundness 95

E.3.2.2.3 Wall thickness of the spigot end 95

E.3.2.2.4 Wall thickness of fitting body 97

E.3.2.2.5 Other dimensions 97

E.3.2.3 Socket fusion fittings 97

E.3.2.3.1 Types of socket fusion fittings 97

E.3.2.3.2 Diameters and lengths of sockets 97

E.3.2.3.3 Other dimensions 100

E.3.2.4 Electrofusion fittings 100

E.3.2.4.1 Dimensions of sockets of electrofusion fittings 100

E.3.2.4.2 Dimensions of electrofusion saddle fittings 101

E.3.2.4.3 Other dimensions 102

E.3.2.5 Flange adaptors and loose backing flanges 102

E.3.2.5.1 Dimensions of flange adaptors for butt fusion 102

E.3.2.5.2 Dimensions of loose backing flanges for use with flange adaptors for butt fusion 104

E.3.2.5.3 Dimensions of flange adaptors for socket fusion 108

E.3.2.5.4 Dimensions of loose backing flanges for use with flange adaptors for socket fusion 110

E.4 Mechanical characteristics 111

E.4.1 Mechanical characteristics of pipes and fittings 111

E.4.1.1 Resistance to internal pressure of pipes and fittings 111

E.4.1.2 Impact resistance of pipes 112

E.4.2 Mechanical characteristics of valves 117

E.5 Physical characteristics 117

E.5.1 Physical characteristics of pipes 117

E.5.2 Physical characteristics of fittings 117

E.5.3 Physical characteristics of valves 118

E.6 Fitness for purpose of the system 118

Annex F (informative) Design and installation 119

F.1 Design of a thermoplastics piping system for industrial applications 119

F.2 Installation of piping systems 119

Bibliography 120

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU for pressure equipment aimed to be covered 122

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 138, Plastics pipes, fittings and valves for the transport of fluids, Subcommittee SC 03, Plastics pipes and fittings for industrial applications.

This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 15494:#), which has been technically revised.

The main changes are as follows:

— in the text PE 63 has been deleted with the reference graphs and PE–100 RC has been added,

— in Annex E the impact resistance of pipes and test parameters for round the clock method has been added

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

Introduction

This International Standard specifies the characteristics and requirements for a piping system and its components made from polybutene (PB), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE-RT), crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X), or polypropylene (PP), as applicable, intended to be used for industrial applications above ground or below ground by authorities, design engineers, certification bodies, inspection bodies, testing laboratories, manufacturers, and users.

At the date of publication of this International Standard, standards for piping systems of other plastics used for industrial applications are the following:

ISO 10931, Plastics piping systems for industrial applications — Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) — Specifications for components and the system

ISO 15493, Plastics piping systems for industrial applications — Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-C) — Specifications for components and the system — Metric series

Plastics piping systems for industrial applications — Polybutene (PB), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE-RT), crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X), polypropylene (PP) — Metric series for specifications for components and the system

This International Standard specifies the characteristics and requirements for components such as pipes, fittings, and valves made from one of the following materials intended to be used for thermoplastics piping systems under pressure or vacuum conditions in the field of industrial applications above and below ground:

— polybutene (PB);

— polyethylene (PE);

— polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE-RT);

— crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X);

— polypropylene (PP).

NOTE 1 Requirements for industrial valves are given in this International Standard and/or in other standards. Valves are to be used with components conforming to this International Standard provided that they conform additionally to the relevant requirements of this International Standard.

This International Standard is applicable to either PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X, or PP pipes, fittings, valves, and their joints and to joints with components of other plastics and non-plastic materials, depending on their suitability, intended to be used for the conveyance of liquid and gaseous media as well as solid matter in fluids for industrial applications under pressure or vacuum conditions, such as the following examples:

— chemical plants;

— industrial sewerage engineering;

— power engineering (e.g. cooling and general purpose water);

— mining;

— electroplating and pickling plants;

— semiconductor industry;

— agricultural production plants;

— fire fighting;

— water treatment;

— geothermal;

— compressed air applications.

NOTE 2 Where relevant, national regulations (e.g. water treatment) are applicable, other application areas are permitted if the requirements of this International Standard and/or applicable national requirements are fulfilled. National regulations in respect of fire behaviour and explosion risk are applicable.

Characteristics and requirements which are applicable for all materials (PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X, or PP) are covered by the relevant clauses of this International Standard. Those characteristics and requirements which are dependent on the material are given in the relevant normative annex for each material (see Table 1).

Table 1 — Material-specific annexes

Components conforming to any of the product standards listed in the bibliography or with national standards, as applicable, may be used with components conforming to this International Standard, provided that they conform to the requirements for joint dimensions and to the relevant requirements of this International Standard.

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 7‑1, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads — Part 1: Dimensions, tolerances and designation

ISO 179‑1, Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 1: Non-instrumented impact test

ISO 228‑1, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the threads — Part 1: Dimensions, tolerances and designation

ISO 1133‑1, Plastics — Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and melt volume-flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastics — Part 1: Standard method

ISO 1167‑1:2006, Thermoplastics pipes, fittings and assemblies for the conveyance of fluids — Determination of the resistance to internal pressure — Part 1: General method

ISO 1167‑2:2006, Thermoplastics pipes, fittings and assemblies for the conveyance of fluids — Determination of the resistance to internal pressure — Part 2: Preparation of pipe test pieces

ISO 1167‑3:2007, Thermoplastics pipes, fittings and assemblies for the conveyance of fluids — Determination of the resistance to internal pressure — Part 3: Preparation of components

ISO 1167‑4:2007, Thermoplastics pipes, fittings and assemblies for the conveyance of fluids — Determination of the resistance to internal pressure — Part 4: Preparation of assemblies

ISO 1183‑1, Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 1: Immersion method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method

ISO 1183‑2, Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 2: Density gradient column method

ISO 17885, Plastics piping systems — Mechanical fittings for pressure piping systems — Specifications

ISO 2505, Thermoplastics pipes — Longitudinal reversion — Test method and parameters

ISO 3126, Plastics piping systems — Plastics components — Determination of dimensions

ISO 3127, Thermoplastics pipes — Determination of resistance to external blows — Round-the-clock method

ISO 3501, Plastics piping systems — Mechanical joints between fittings and pressure pipes — Test method for resistance to pull-out under constant longitudinal force

ISO 4065, Thermoplastics pipes — Universal wall thickness table

ISO 4427‑1:2007, Plastics piping systems — Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings for water supply — Part 1: General

ISO 6964, Polyolefin pipes and fittings — Determination of carbon black content by calcination and pyrolysis — Test method

ISO/TR 7620, Rubber materials — Chemical resistance

ISO 9080:2012, Plastics piping and ducting systems — Determination of the long-term hydrostatic strength of thermoplastics materials in pipe form by extrapolation

ISO 9854‑1, Thermoplastics pipes for the transport of fluids — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 1: General test method

ISO 9854‑2, Thermoplastics pipes for the transport of fluids — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 2: Test conditions for pipes of various materials

ISO 10147, Pipes and fittings made of crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) — Estimation of the degree of crosslinking by determination of the gel content

ISO 11414, Plastics pipes and fittings — Preparation of polyethylene (PE) pipe/pipe or pipe/fitting test piece assemblies by butt fusion

ISO 11922‑1:2018, Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids — Dimensions and tolerances — Part 1: Metric series

ISO 11357‑6, Plastics — Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 6: Determination of oxidation induction time (isothermal OIT) and oxidation induction temperature (dynamic OIT)

ISO 12162, Thermoplastics materials for pipes and fittings for pressure applications — Classification, designation and design coefficient

ISO 13477, Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids — Determination of resistance to rapid crack propagation (RCP) — Small-scale steady-state test (S4 test)

ISO 13479:2022, Polyolefin pipes for the conveyance of fluids — Determination of resistance to crack propagation — Test method for slow crack growth on notched pipes

ISO 13953, Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings — Determination of the tensile strength and failure mode of test pieces from a butt-fused joint

ISO 14531‑1, Plastics pipes and fittings — Crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) pipe systems for the conveyance of gaseous fuels — Metric series — Specifications — Part 1: Pipes

ISO 15512, Plastics — Determination of water content

ISO 16135, Industrial valves — Ball valves of thermoplastics materials

ISO 16136, Industrial valves — Butterfly valves of thermoplastics materials

ISO 16137, Industrial valves — Check valves of thermoplastics materials

ISO 16138, Industrial valves — Diaphragm valves of thermoplastics materials

ISO 16139, Industrial valves — Gate valves of thermoplastics materials

ISO 16770, Plastics — Determination of environmental stress cracking (ESC) of polyethylene — Full-notch creep test (FNCT)

ISO 16871, Plastics piping and ducting systems — Plastics pipes and fittings — Method for exposure to direct (natural) weathering

ISO 18488, Polyethylene (PE) materials for piping systems — Determination of Strain Hardening Modulus in relation to slow crack growth — Test method

ISO 18489:2015, Polyethylene (PE) materials for piping systems — Determination of resistance to slow crack growth under cyclic loading — Cracked Round Bar test method

ISO 18553, Method for the assessment of the degree of pigment or carbon black dispersion in polyolefin pipes, fittings and compounds

ISO 21787, Industrial valves — Globe valves of thermoplastics materials

EN 12099, Plastics piping systems — Polyethylene piping materials and components — Determination of volatile content

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp

— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/

NOTE The symbols d_e and e correspond to d_ey and e_y, given in other International Standards such as ISO 11922‑1.

3.1.1

nominal outside diameter

d_n

specified outside diameter assigned to a nominal size DN/OD

Note 1 to entry: The nominal inside diameter of a socket is equal to the nominal outside diameter of the corresponding pipe.

Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres.

3.1.2

outside diameter at any point

d_e

value of the measurement of the outside diameter through its cross-section at any point of the pipe, rounded to the next greater 0,1 mm

3.1.3

mean outside diameter

d_em

value of the measurement of the outer circumference of the pipe or spigot end of a fitting in any cross-section divided by π (= 3,142), rounded to the next greater 0,1 mm

3.1.4

mean inside diameter of a socket

arithmetical mean of two measured inside diameters perpendicular to each other

3.1.5

nominal size of flange

DN

numerical designation of the size of a flange for reference purposes and related to the manufacturing dimension in millimetres

3.1.6

out-of-roundness

ovality

difference between the maximum and the minimum outside diameter in the same cross-section of a pipe or spigot

3.1.7

nominal wall thickness

e_n

numerical designation of the wall thickness of a component, which is a convenient round number, approximately equal to the manufacturing dimension in millimetres (mm)

Note 1 to entry: For thermoplastics components conforming to the different annexes of ISO 15494, the value of the nominal wall thickness, e_n, is identical to the specified minimum wall thickness at any point, e_min.

3.1.8

wall thickness at any point

e

wall thickness at any point around the circumference of a component rounded to the next greater 0,1 mm

3.1.9

pipe series

S

dimensionless number for pipe designation conforming to ISO 4065

Note 1 to entry: The relationship between the pipe series, S, and the standard dimension ratio, SDR, is given by the following formula as specified in ISO 4065:

Note 2 to entry: Flanges are designated on the basis of PN.

3.1.10

standard dimension ratio

SDR

numerical designation of a pipe series, which is a convenient round number, approximately equal to the dimension ratio of the nominal outside diameter, d_n, and the nominal wall thickness, e_n

3.1.11

bend

Fitting curved in shape which the relative bending radius is ≥1 x d_n

Note 1 to entry: Bend fittings are manufactured in different ways e.g. injection moulded, prefabricated or swept bends etc.

3.2.1

Compound

homogenous extruded mixture of base polymer and additives, i.e. anti-oxidants, pigments, carbon black, UV-stabilizers and others, at a dosage level necessary for the processing and use of components conforming to the requirements of this document

3.2.2

Virgin material

material in a form such as granules or powder that has not been subjected to use or processing other than that required for its manufacture, and to which no reworked or recyclable materials have been added

3.2.3

Reworked material

plastics materials from rejected unused products or trimmings that have been manufactured and retained within plants owned and operated by the same legal entity

3.2.4

Base polymer

Polymer produced by the material supplier for the manufacture of the compound according to this document.

3.2.5

Recyclate

plastics material resulting from the recycling of pre-consumer and post-consumer plastics products

Note 1 to entry: Also referred to as “secondary raw material” or “recycled plastics” or “regenerate”.

Note 2 to entry: Recycling can be chemical, physical or mechanical

3.2.6

melt mass-flow rate

MFR

value relating to the viscosity of the molten material at a specified temperature and load

Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in grams per 10 min (g/10 min).

3.3.1

lower confidence limit of the predicted hydrostatic strength

σ_LPL

quantity with the dimensions of stress, which represents the 97,5 % lower confidence limit of the predicted hydrostatic strength at a temperature, θ, and time, t

Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in megapascals.

3.3.2

minimum required strength

MRS

value of σ_LPL at 20 °C and 50 years, rounded down to the next smaller value of the R10 series or the R20 series

Note 1 to entry: The R10 series conforming to ISO 3^[1] and the R20 series to ISO 497^[2].

3.3.3

design stress

σ_s

allowable stress for a given application at 20 °C that is derived from the MRS by dividing it by the coefficient C

Note 1 to entry: Design stress can be calculated using the following formula:

Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in megapascals.

3.3.4

design coefficient

C

coefficient with a value greater than one which takes into consideration service conditions as well as the properties of the components of a piping system other than those represented in the lower confidence limit

Note 1 to entry: Minimum design coefficients are defined in ISO 12162.

Note 2 to entry: There might be a need of additional service factors depending on the service conditions as described in annex F to calculate the overall design coefficient.

3.4.1

nominal pressure

PN

numerical designation used for reference purposes related to the mechanical characteristics of the components of a piping system.

Note 1 to entry: A pressure, in bar, with the numerical value of PN is identical with the pressure, PS, as defined by Reference [3] if both pressures are taken at 20 °C.

Note 2 to entry: For plastics piping systems conveying water, it corresponds to the maximum continuous operating pressure in bar, which can be sustained for water at 20 °C for 50 years, based on the following minimum design coefficient:

where

Note 3 to entry: 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 10⁵ Pa; 1 MPa= 1 N/mm².

3.4.2

hydrostatic stress

σ

stress induced in the wall of a pipe when an internal hydrostatic pressure is applied

Note 1 to entry: The hydrostatic stress is related to the applied internal hydrostatic pressure, in bar p, the wall thickness, e, at any point and the mean outside diameter, d_em, of a pipe and calculated using the following formula:

Note 2 to entry: Formula is applicable for pipes only.

Note 3 to entry: It is expressed in megapascals.

3.4.3

long-term hydrostatic stress

σ_LTHS

quantity with the dimensions of stress, which represents the predicted mean strength at a temperature T and time t

Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in megapascals.

[SOURCE: ISO 9080:2012, 3.9]

The material from which the components are made shall either be PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X, or PP, as applicable, to which are added those additives that are needed to facilitate the manufacture of pipes, fittings, and valves conforming to this International Standard.

Note: For PEX, the material is only existing in form of a component (crosslinked pipe)

The additives used shall be uniformly dispersed.

The additives shall not be dosed separately or together in quantities sufficient to impair the fabrication or fusion characteristics of the component or to impair the chemical, physical, or mechanical characteristics as specified in this International Standard.

The material shall be evaluated according to ISO 9080 by analysis of sustained pressure tests carried out in accordance with ISO 1167‑1 and ISO 1167‑2 to classify the material in accordance with ISO 12162.

Conformity of the relevant material to the reference curves given for PB (see Annex A), PE (see Annex B), PE-RT (see Annex C), PE-X (see Annex D), and PP (see Annex E) shall be proven according to the applicable Annex of this International Standard.

For design, these reference curves shall be used as a basis.

Classification and verification of conformity to reference curves of the material shall be done by the compound manufacturer.

NOTE In some cases, the component manufacturer can be regarded as the raw compound manufacturer.

Where fittings and valves are manufactured from the same material as pipes, the material classification and verification of conformity to reference curves shall be the same as for pipes.

For the classification and verification of conformity to reference curves of a material intended only for the manufacture of fittings and valves, the test piece can be an injection-moulded or extruded test piece in form of a pipe.

The details of the material characteristics of PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X, and PP mechanical and physical properties with requirements are given in the applicable Annex of this International Standard. Biobased material can be used in case the mass balance is required by the purchaser.

The use of the manufacturer's own reworked material obtained during the production and production testing of products conforming this document is permitted in addition to the use of virgin material. Reworked material obtained from external sources and recyclate material shall not be used.

For a pipeline systems carrying air or a compressible gas, for design purposes, the resistance of the material to the phenomenon known as rapid crack propagation shall be taken into account (see ISO 4427‑1:2007, Annex B). The critical pressure pc is dependent on the material, pipe diameter, and operating temperature.

The critical pressure pc measured in accordance with ISO 13477 S4 test shall be greater than 1,5 times the maximum operating pressure of the pipeline system.

Information provided by the pipe or material supplier shall be taken into account when designing an industrial pipeline system for the transport of air or a compressible gas.

ISO 4437‑2^[4] defines the maximum operating pressure MOP for Polyethylene (PE) pipe for gas application considering the RCP performance. PE 100 materials can be operated up to 10 bar at 0 °C depending on wall thickness.

Crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) pipe produced in accordance with ISO 14531‑1 has been shown to be resistant to RCP at temperatures down to −50 °C.

Additional consideration shall be taken on the safety and the mechanical performance of the system in case of vacuum and gaseous applications due to potential risk of buckling, collapse or burst

All components shall conform to the relevant International Standard(s). Alternative standards may be applied in cases where suitable International Standard(s) do not exist. In all cases, fitness for purpose of the components shall be demonstrated.

Materials and constituent elements used in making the relevant component (including rubber, greases, and any metal parts as may be used) shall have comparable resistance to the external and internal environments as all other elements of the piping system according to this International Standard.

Materials other than PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X, or PP in contact with components conforming to this International Standard shall not adversely affect the performance of the components or initiate stress cracking.

All metal parts susceptible to corrosion shall be adequately protected.

When dissimilar metallic materials are used which can be in contact with moisture, steps shall be taken to avoid the possibility of galvanic corrosion.

Sealing materials shall have no detrimental effects on the properties of the components, joints, and assemblies.

Greases or lubricants shall not exude onto fusion areas and shall not affect the long-term performance of materials conforming to this International Standard.

When viewed without magnification, the internal and external surfaces of the components shall be smooth, clean, and free from scoring, cavities, and other surface defects to an extent that would prevent conformity to this International Standard. The components shall not contain visible impurities.

Each end of a component shall be square to its axis and shall be deburred.

The colour of the components depends on the material used and shall be as given for PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X, or PP in the applicable Annex of this International Standard.

NOTE Attention is drawn to the need to take account of any relevant legislation relating to the colour coding of piping in respect of its purpose or contents for the location in which the components are intended to be used.

Components for external above ground installations shall be adequately protected against UV radiation or the material shall be resistant to UV radiation for the intended application. For products which are usually stored outside in direct sunlight prior to installation, the effect of UV radiation shall be taken into account. To assess materials for resistance to UV radiation for storage purposes, pipe is subject to a cumulative radiant exposure of ≥3,5 GJ/m² in accordance with ISO 16871. Following this exposure, the pipe is assessed for any significant change in mechanical properties.

For component not for external above ground installations or not stored outside in the direct sunlight by the manufacturer, distributor or on the job site, the effect of UV radiation may be neglected.

For a pipeline systems carrying air or a compressible gas, for design purposes, the resistance of the material to the phenomenon known as rapid crack propagation shall be taken into account (see ISO 4427‑1:2007, Annex B). The critical pressure pc is dependent on the material, pipe diameter, and operating temperature.

The critical pressure pc measured in accordance with ISO 13477 S4 test shall be greater than 1,5 times the maximum operating pressure of the pipeline system.

Information provided by the pipe or material supplier shall be taken into account when designing an industrial pipeline system for the transport of air or a compressible gas.

ISO 4437‑2^[4] defines the maximum operating pressure MOP for Polyethylene (PE) pipe for gas application considering the RCP performance. PE 100 materials can be operated up to 10 bar at 0 °C depending on wall thickness.

Crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) pipe produced in accordance with ISO 14531‑1 has been shown to be resistant to RCP at temperatures down to −50 °C.

Additional consideration shall be taken on the safety and the mechanical performance of the system in case of vacuum and gaseous applications due to potential risk of buckling, collapse or burst

The measurement shall not be made less than 24 h after manufacture.

Dimensions shall be measured in accordance with ISO 3126 at (23 ± 2) °C after being conditioned for at least 4 h unless specified otherwise in the relevant material annex.

Indirect measurement during the stage of production is allowed at shorter time periods providing that evidence is shown of correlation.

The given figures are schematic sketches only, to indicate the relevant dimensions. They do not necessarily represent the manufactured component(s). The given dimensions shall be followed.

Dimensions not given shall be specified by the manufacturer.

For components made from PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X or PP, as applicable, the diameters, out-of-roundness (ovality) and related tolerances shall conform to the applicable annex of this International Standard.

The out-of-roundness (ovality) shall be measured at the point of manufacture.

For components made from PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X or PP, as applicable, the wall thicknesses and related tolerances shall conform to the applicable annex of this International Standard.

The permitted deviations from the nominal or declared angle for a nonlinear fitting shall be ±2° where the angle comprises the relevant change of axis of the flow through the fitting.

NOTE The preferred nominal angles for a nonlinear fitting are 45° or 90°.

The laying lengths for fittings and valves shall be declared by the manufacturer.

The laying lengths are intended to assist in the design of moulds and are not intended to be used for quality control purposes. ISO 265‑1^[5] may be used as a guideline.

Threads used for jointing shall conform to ISO 7‑1. Where a thread is used as a fastening thread for jointing an assembly (e.g. union nuts), a thread conforming to ISO 228‑1 is preferred.

Mechanical fittings used for jointing shall conform to conform to ISO 17885 provided that their joint dimensions are in accordance with the applicable dimensions of components conforming to this International Standard.

The joint dimensions of valves shall conform to the relevant dimensions of pipes and fittings conforming to this International Standard.

Components shall withstand the hydrostatic stress induced by internal hydrostatic pressure without bursting or leaking when tested in accordance with ISO 1167‑1, ISO 1167‑2, and ISO 1167‑3 and the test conditions specified for PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X, or PP in the applicable annex of this International Standard.

The hydrostatic test pressure, p, expressed in bar, shall be determined for pipes using Formula (1):

(1)

where σ is the hydrostatic stress for PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X, or PP conforming to the applicable Annex of this International Standard.

The hydrostatic test pressure, p, expressed in bar, shall be determined for fittings using Formula (2). For S and SDR respectively, the value of the corresponding pipe shall be taken:

(2)

The hydrostatic test pressure, p, expressed in bar, is defined for valves in ISO 16135, ISO 16136, ISO 16137, ISO 16138, ISO 16139, or ISO 21787, as applicable, depending on the valve type.

The physical characteristics of components made from PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X, or PP shall conform to the applicable annex of this International Standard.

Where fluids other than water are to be conveyed, the effect of the fluid on the component material shall be considered.

The components shall withstand the mechanical, thermal, and chemical demands to be expected and shall be resistant to the fluids to be conveyed.

NOTE 1 Guidance is given in ISO/TR 10358^[6] or by the component manufacturer.

Elastomeric materials used in the production of sealants in terms of classification of chemical resistance against fluids according to application shall be in accordance with type 1 in the ISO/TR 7620 standard.

NOTE 2 Guidance is given in ISO 4433‑1^[7] and ISO 4433‑2,^[8] in case it is necessary to evaluate the chemical resistance and the classification of the pipe for a particular application.

Where fluids other than water are to be conveyed, the effect of the component material on the fluid shall be considered.

The electrical protection that shall be provided during the fusion process depends on the voltage and wave form (AC or DC). Definitions of electrical circuits and applicable protections are found in the relevant IEC standards.

Electrofusion fittings are part of an electrical circuit when connected to the control units.

For voltages greater than 25 V, direct human contact with energized parts shall not be possible when the fitting is in the fusion cycle during assembly in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers of the fittings and of the assembly equipment, as applicable.

The tolerance on the electrical resistance of the fitting at 23 °C shall be stated by the manufacturer. The resistance shall be in between nominal resistance (–10 %) and nominal resistance [(+10 %) + 0,1 Ω].

NOTE 0,1 Ω is the assumed value of the contact resistance.

The surface finish of the terminal pins shall allow a minimum contact resistance in order to satisfy the resistance tolerance requirements.

When components made from the same material conforming to this International Standard are jointed to each other, the pipes, fittings, valves, and the joints shall conform to the requirements of the applicable annex of this International Standard.

NOTE If test pressures defined for pipes are used for assemblies made from components of dissimilar materials (e.g. screwed joints, flanged joints), the resulting strain exceeds the strain occurring under service conditions. These strains unavoidably cause leakage. Reference is given in the material related isochronous stress-strain-diagrams to define the applicable test pressure.

The manufacturer of components shall declare which components and materials conforming to this International Standard may be fused by using the same procedures (e.g. times, temperatures, fusion pressures) to conform to the requirements of this International Standard. If there is a need for deviation in fusion procedures, the manufacturer shall state this.

The classification of pipes shall be based on the pipe series, S, or the standard dimension ratio, SDR, or the nominal pressure, PN, as applicable.

The classification of fittings shall be based on the corresponding pipe together with the pipe series S or the standard dimension ratio, SDR, or the nominal pressure, PN, as applicable.

Valves shall be classified in accordance with the requirements of ISO 16135, ISO 16136, ISO 16137, ISO 16138, ISO 16139, or ISO 21787, as applicable, depending on the valve type.

For the design and installation of thermoplastic piping systems for industrial applications, see Annex F.

The manufacturer shall declare conformity to this International Standard by marking the component in accordance with Clause 16 and, under request, issue a statement of conformity.

NOTE Guidance on drafting the Declaration of conformity is given in ISO/IEC 17050-1^[9] and ISO/IEC 17050-2^[10].

Marking elements shall be printed or formed directly on the component or be on a label in such a way that after storage, weathering and handling, and the installation, legibility is maintained.

NOTE The manufacturer is not responsible for marking of the component being illegible due to actions caused during installation and use such as painting, scratching, covering, or by use of detergents, etc. unless agreed upon or specified by the manufacturer.

Marking shall not initiate cracks or other types of defects which adversely influence the performance of the component.

If printing is used, the colouring of the printed information shall differ from the basic colouring of the component.

The size of the marking shall be such that the marking is legible without magnification.

The minimum required marking of pipes shall conform to Table 2.

Pipes shall be marked at intervals of maximum 1 m, at least once per pipe.

Table 2 — Minimum required marking of pipes

The minimum required marking of fittings shall conform to Table 3, except for fittings with d_n ≤ 32 mm, for which the minimum required marking shall be directly on the fitting, as follows:

— manufacturer's name and/or trade mark;

— nominal outside diameter(s);

— material;

— nominal wall thickness, e_n, or pipe series S or SDR or PN, as applicable.

Table 3 — Minimum required marking of fittings

Valves shall be marked in accordance with the requirements of ISO 16135, ISO 16136, ISO 16137, ISO 16138, ISO 16139, or ISO 21787, as applicable, depending on the valve type.

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Specific characteristics and requirements for industrial piping systems made from polybutene (PB)
   1. Material
      1. Material classification

The material in pipe form shall be evaluated in accordance with ISO 9080:2012 or equivalent where internal pressure tests are made in accordance with ISO 1167-1 and ISO 1167-2 to find the σ_LPL values. The σ_LPL values thus determined shall at least be as high as the corresponding values of the reference lines. Testing shall be carried out at temperatures stated below.

Temperatures: 20 °C; 60 °C to 82 °C; 95 °C; 110 °C.

NOTE 82 °C is equivalent to 180 °F, commonly used as a test temperature in ASTM standards.

PB shall have a minimum required strength, MRS, at least equal to 12,5 MPa.

NOTE According the scope of ISO 12230^[12], for the sake of simplicity the designation polybutene and the abbreviation PB are used throughout.

The reference lines in this document are the ones of PB homopolymer. (PB-H)

• • 1. Material verification of conformity to reference curves

To prove conformance with the reference curves, two methods can alternatively be applied:

— mathematical method (ISO 9080):

the σ_LPL values, as determined by ISO 9080 in A.1.1, shall at least be as high as the corresponding values of the reference curves at all temperatures and times of relevance;

— graphical method:

The material shall be tested in accordance with 5.2 at 20 °C, 60 °C to 80 °C and 95 °C as well as at various hydrostatic (hoop) stresses in such a way that at each temperature, at least three failure times fall in each of the following time intervals.

— 10 h to 100 h;

— 100 h to 1 000 h;

— 1 000 h to 8 760 h;

— > 8 760 h.

In tests lasting more than 8 760 h, any time which is reached at a certain stress and time at least on or above the relevant reference curve may be considered as failure time

Conformance with the reference curves is demonstrated by plotting the individual experimental results on the graph. At least 97,5 % of them shall lie on or above the following reference curves.

Reference curves:

The mathematical description of the reference curves are given by Formula (A.1) and Formula (A.2) for the temperature range 10 °C to 110 °C, the graphical representation is given in Figure A.1 also for the temperature range of 10 °C to 110 °C.

First branch (i.e. the left hand portion of the curves as shown in Figure A.1).

—   PB: (A.1)

Second branch (i.e. the right hand portion of the curves as shown in Figure A.1).

—   PB: (A.2)

NOTE The calculation for PB is based on ISO 12230^[12].

Key

Figure A.1 — Minimum required hydrostatic strength curves for PB

The endpoints of curves in the graph (Figure A.1) are given just as an example; the extrapolation time limit for a specific material (endpoints in the regression curves) has to be determined based on the method given in ISO 9080.

• • 1. Material characteristics

The material from which the components are manufactured shall conform to the requirements given in Table A.1.

Table A.1 — Material characteristics of PB

• • 1. Crystallization

Due to the slow crystallization, crystalline transformation, and shrinkage which takes places after PB compounds are cooled from the melt, physical and mechanical testing in accordance with A.4.1 and measurement of dimensions shall be delayed after extrusion or moulding, according to recommendations obtained from the manufacturer or material supplier. Components manufactured from PB compounds shall be conditioned in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations prior to measurement of dimensions.

• 1. General characteristics: Colour

Colour shall be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.

• 1. Geometrical characteristics
     1. Dimensions of pipes
        1. Diameters and related tolerances

The mean outside diameter, d_em, and the related tolerances shall conform to Table A.2, appropriate to the tolerance grade, whereby the average value of the measurements of the outside diameter made at a distance of d_n and 0,1d_n from the end of the test pieces shall be within the tolerance range for d_em specified in Table A.2.

• • • 1. Out-of-roundness

The out-of-roundness for straight lengths shall conform to Table A.2 when measured at the point of manufacture. If other values for the out-of-roundness than those given in Table A.2 are necessary, they shall be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.

For coiled pipes, the maximum out-of-roundness shall be specified by agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.

Table A.2 — Mean outside diameters, related tolerances and out-of-roundness of pipes

Dimensions in millimetres

• • • 1. Wall thicknesses and related tolerances

The wall thickness, e, and the related tolerances shall conform to Table A.3.

Components intended to be welded shall have a minimum wall thickness of 1,9 mm.

Table A.3 — Wall thicknesses and related tolerances

Dimensions in millimetres

• • 1. Dimensions of fittings
       1. General

This Annex is applicable for the following types of fittings:

— socket fusion fittings;

— electrofusion fittings;

— flange adaptors and loose backing flanges;

— mechanical fittings.

• • • 1. Socket fusion fittings
         1. Types of socket fusion fittings

Socket fusion fittings (see Figure A.2) shall be classified in the following two types.

— Type A: Fittings intended to be used with pipes having dimensions as given in A.3.1 where no external machining of the pipe is required.

— Type B: Fittings intended to be used with pipes having dimensions as given in A.3.1 where machining of the outside surface of the pipe is necessary in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer.

• • • • 1. Diameters and lengths of sockets

The nominal diameter(s), d_n, of a socket fusion fitting shall correspond to, and be designated by, the nominal outside diameter(s) of the pipe(s) for which it is designed.

The diameters and lengths of sockets for socket fusion fittings of type A shall conform to Table A.4. For socket fusion fittings of type B, the diameters and lengths of sockets shall conform to Table A.5.

Key

Figure A.2 — Diameters and lengths of socket fusion fittings

Table A.4 — Diameters and lengths of sockets for socket fusion fittings of type A

Dimensions in millimetres

Table A.5 — Diameters and lengths of sockets for socket fusion fittings of type B

Dimensions in millimetres

• • • • 1. Other dimensions

Other dimensions of socket fusion fittings shall be specified by the manufacturer.

• • • 1. Electrofusion fittings
         1. Dimensions of sockets of electrofusion fittings

The dimensions of sockets of electrofusion fittings (see Figure A.3) shall conform to Table A.6.

In the case of a fitting having sockets of different sizes (e.g. reduction), each socket shall conform to the requirements of the corresponding nominal diameter.

In case of using spigot end fittings, the outside tubular length of the fusion end shall allow the assembly with an electrofusion fitting.

Key

Figure A.3 — Dimensions of sockets of electrofusion fittings

Table A.6 — Dimensions of sockets of electrofusion fittings

Dimensions in millimetres

The mean inside diameter of the fitting in the middle of the fusion zone (see D₁ in Figure A.3) shall be not less than d_n.

• • • • 1. Other dimensions

Other dimensions of electrofusion fittings shall be specified by the manufacturer.

• • • 1. Flange adaptors and loose backing flanges
         1. Dimensions of flange adaptors for socket fusion

The dimensions of flange adaptors for socket fusion (see Figure A.4) shall conform to Table A.7.

Key

Figure A.4 — Dimensions of flange adaptors for socket fusion

Table A.7 — Dimensions of flange adaptors for socket fusion

Dimensions in millimetres

• • • • 1. Dimensions of loose backing flanges for use with flange adaptors for socket fusion

The dimensions of loose backing flanges for use with flange adaptors for socket fusion (see Figure A.5) shall conform to Table A.8.

Key

NOTE The thickness, h, of the loose backing flange is dependent on the material used.

Figure A.5 — Dimensions of loose backing flanges for use with flange adaptors for socket fusion

Table A.8 — Dimensions of loose backing flanges for use with flange adaptors for socket fusion

Dimensions in millimetres

• 1. Mechanical characteristics
     1. Mechanical characteristics of pipes and fittings

When tested as specified in Table A.9 using the indicated parameters, the components shall withstand the hydrostatic stress without bursting or leaking under the test conditions given in Table A.10.

Table A.9 — Requirements for internal pressure testing

Table A.10 — Test conditions for internal pressure testing

• • 1. Mechanical characteristics of valves

The valves shall conform to the requirements of ISO 16135, ISO 16136, ISO 16137, ISO 16138, ISO 16139, or ISO 21787, as applicable, depending on the valve type.

• 1. Physical characteristics
     1. Physical characteristics of pipes

When tested in accordance with the test methods as specified in Table A.11 using the indicated parameters, the pipe shall have physical characteristics conforming to the requirements given in Table A.11.

Table A.11 — Physical characteristics of pipes

• • 1. Physical characteristics of fittings

When tested in accordance with the test method as specified in Table A.12 using the indicated parameters, the fitting shall have physical characteristics conforming to the requirements given in Table A.12.

Table A.12 — Physical characteristics of fittings

• • 1. Physical characteristics of valves

In addition to the requirements of ISO 16135, ISO 16136, ISO 16137, ISO 16138, ISO 16139, or ISO 21787, as applicable, depending on the valve type, the physical characteristics of valves shall conform to A.5.2.

• 1. Fitness for purpose of the system

Fitness for purpose of the system shall be deemed to apply when test pieces assembled in accordance with 12.2 and tested using the test methods and indicated parameters as specified in Table A.13 conforming to the requirements given in Table A.13.

Table A.13 — General requirements for fitness for purpose of the system

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Specific characteristics and requirements for industrial piping systems made from polyethylene (PE)
   1. Material
      1. General

This Annex is applicable to the following polyethylene designations:

— polyethylene (PE 80);

— polyethylene (PE 100):

— polyethylene raised crack resistance (PE 100-RC).

• • 1. Material classification and designation

Compounds shall be designated by the type of PE material. The minimum required strength (MRS)shall conform to Table B.1 when tested in the form of pipe.

The compound shall be evaluated in accordance with ISO 9080 on pipes at least at three temperatures, where the first temperature is either 20 °C or 23 °C and the second temperature at 80 °C, and the third temperature is free between 30 °C and 70 °C, to find the σLPL. The MRS value shall be derived from the σLPL and the compound shall be classified by the compound manufacturerin accordance with ISO 12162.

At 80 °C, there shall be no knee detected in the regression curve at t < 5 000 h.

NOTE Testing has shown that for many compounds, no knee is detected before 1 year (8 760 h) at 80 °C.

The conformity of the designation of the compound to the classification given in Table B.1 shall be demonstrated by the compound manufacturer.

The applicable PE shall have a minimum required strength, MRS, as given in Table B.1.

Table B.1 — MRS-values of designated PE

• • 1. Material verification of conformity to reference curves

To prove conformance with the reference curves, two methods can alternatively be applied:

— mathematical method (ISO 9080):

the σ_LPL values, as determined in B.1.2, shall at least be as high as the corresponding values of the reference curves at all temperatures and times of relevance;

— graphical method.

The material shall be tested in accordance with 5.2 at 20 °C or 23 °C, between 30 °C and 70 °C and 80 °C, as well as at various hydrostatic (hoop) stresses in such a way that at each temperature, at least three failure times fall in each of the following time intervals:

— 10 h to 100 h;

— 100 h to 1 000 h;

— 1 000 h to 8 760 h;

— > 8 760 h.

In tests lasting more than 8 760 h, any time which is reached at a certain stress and time at least on or above the relevant reference curve may be considered as failure time.

Conformance with the reference curves is demonstrated by plotting the individual experimental results on the graph. At least 97,5 % of them shall lie on or above the following reference curves.

Reference curves:

The mathematical description of the reference curves are given by Formula (B.1) to Formula (B.4) for the temperature range 10 °C to 80 °C, the graphical representations are given in Figure B.1 (PE 80), and Figure B.2 (PE 100 and PE 100-RC ) also for the temperature range of 10 °C to 80 °C.

First branch (i.e. the left hand portion of the curves as shown in Figure B.1 and Figure B.2,).

—   PE 80: (B.1)

—   PE 100 and PE 100-RC:

Key

Figure B.1 — Minimum required hydrostatic strength curves for PE 80

Key

Figure B.2 — Minimum required hydrostatic strength curves for PE 100 and PE 100-RC

Conformance with the reference lines is demonstrated by plotting the individual experimental results on the graph. At least 97,5 % of them shall lie on or above the following reference curves:

The endpoints of curves in the graphs (Figures B.1 to B.2) are given just as an example; the extrapolation time limit for a specific material (endpoints in the regression lines) has to be determined based on the method given in ISO 9080.

• • 1. Material characteristics

The material from which the components are manufactured shall conform to the requirements given in Table B.2 and Table B.3.

Table B.2 — Characteristics of the material in the form of granules

Table B.3 — Characteristics of the material in the form of pipe

• • 1. Type of pipe

The following two types of pipe are covered:

— PE pipe (outside diameter d_n), including any identification;

— PE pipes with co-extruded layers on either or both the outside and/or inside of the pipe (total outside diameter d_n) where all PE layers shall have the same MRS rating and the same PE designation (see Table B.1).

• 1. General characteristics: Colour

Components made from PE should preferably be black using compound. Other colours shall be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser or in accordance with national regulations.

• 1. Geometrical characteristics
     1. Dimensions of pipes
        1. Diameters and related tolerances

The mean outside diameter, d_em, and the related tolerances shall conform to Table B.4, appropriate to the tolerance grade, whereby the average value of the measurements of the outside diameter made at a distance of d_n and 0,1d_n, from the end of the test pieces, shall be within the tolerance range for d_em as specified in Table B.4.

For socket fusion and electrofusion joints where the peeling/scaping techniques is used to prepare the pipe end for fusion, pipes with tolerances of Grade A given in ISO 11922‑1 shall be used.

For socket fusion joints where the peeling technique is not used, pipes with tolerances of Grade B given in ISO 11922‑1 shall be used.

• • • 1. Out-of-roundness

The out-of-roundness for straight lengths shall conform to Table B.4 when measured at the point of manufacture. If other values for the out-of-roundness than those given in Table B.4 are necessary, they shall be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.

For coiled pipes, the maximum out-of-roundness shall be specified by agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.

Table B.4 — Mean outside diameters, related tolerances, and out-of-roundness of pipes

Dimensions in millimetres

• • • 1. Wall thicknesses and related tolerances

The wall thickness, e, and the related tolerances shall conform to Table B.5.

Table B.5 — Wall thicknesses and related tolerances<Tbl_--></Tbl_-->

Dimensions in millimetres

• • 1. Dimensions of fittings
       1. General

Annex B is applicable for the following types of fittings:

— butt fusion fittings;

— socket fusion fittings;

— electrofusion fittings;

— flange adaptors and loose backing flanges;

— mechanical fittings.

• • • 1. Butt fusion fittings
         1. Outside diameters

The mean outside diameter, d_em, of the spigot end (see Figure B.4) over the length, L_b2 (see Table B.6) shall conform to B.3.1.1, except between the plane of the entrance face and the plane parallel to it, located at a distance not greater than 0,01d_n + 1 mm where a reduction of the outside diameter is permissible (e.g. for circumferential reversion).

• • • • 1. Out-of-roundness

The out-of-roundness of the spigot end (see Figure B.4) over the length, L_b2 (see Table B.6) shall conform to B.3.1.2.

• • • • 1. Wall thickness of the spigot end

The wall thickness, e, of the spigot end (see Figure B.4) over the length, L_b1, (see Table B.6) shall conform to B.3.1.3 except between the plane of the entrance face and the plane parallel to it, located at a distance not greater than 0,01d_n + 1 mm where a thickness reduction is permissible (e.g. for chamfered edge).

Key

Figure B.3 — Dimensions of spigot end for butt fusion fittings

Table B.6 — Dimensions of spigot ends for butt fusion fittings

Dimensions in millimetres