CEN/TC 231

Date: 2025-03-27

prEN 12096:2025

Secretariat: DIN

Mechanical vibration — Declaration and verification of vibration emission values

Mechanische Schwingungen — Angabe und Nachprüfung von Schwingungskennwerten

Vibrations mécaniques — Déclaration et vérification des valeurs d’émission vibratoire

CCMC will prepare and attach the official title page.

Contents Page

European foreword 3

Introduction 4

1 Scope 5

2 Normative references 5

3 Terms and definitions 5

3.1 General definitions 5

3.2 Vibration-related definitions 6

3.3 Statistical terms 7

4 Declaration of vibration emission values 9

4.1 General 9

4.2 Presentation of declared vibration emission values 9

4.3 Uncertainty values K 10

5 Verification of declared vibration emission values 10

5.1 General 10

5.2 Verification with a single machine 12

5.3 Verification with three machines 12

Annex A (informative) Examples of vibration emission declarations 13

Annex B (informative) Typical values for the uncertainty of continuous, weighted vibration 15

Bibliography 16

European foreword

This document (prEN 12096:2025 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 231 “Mechanical vibration and shock”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.

This document will supersede EN 12096:1997.

prEN 12096:2025includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 12096:1997:

— the document has been fundamentally revised and adapted to the state of the art.

Introduction

Information on vibration emission of vibrating machinery is needed by users, planners, manufacturers and authorities, for example to comply with the obligations described in the EU Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230. This information is required for comparing the vibration emissions from different products and for assessing the vibration against vibration requirements.

In order for vibration emission values to be useful, uniform methods are necessary for following purposes:

— measurement of the vibration values;

— determination of the declared vibration emission value;

— presentation of the declared vibration emission value;

— verification of the declared vibration emission value.

The obligations to control risks arising from exposures to vibration are defined in Europe by Directive 2002/44/EC which uses a daily vibration exposure value A(8), that is not to be confused with the vibration emission used in this document.

This document specifies the requirements for declaration and verification of vibration emission values of continuous, frequency-weighted and repeated shock vibrations. It applies to hand-arm and whole-body vibration values achieved by measurements according to type-B and type-C standards. It

— gives guidance on the declaration of vibration emission values,

— describes vibration and product information to be given in the instruction for use supplied with the machinery,

— specifies the method for verifying the declared vibration emission values stated in the instruction for use of the machinery.

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN ISO 5349‑1:2001, Mechanical vibration —Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration — Part 1: General requirements(ISO 5349-1:2001)

EN ISO 5349‑3:2025, Mechanical vibration —Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration — Part 3: Isolated and repeated shocks using the frequency range of ISO 5349‑1 (ISO/DIS 5349-3:2025)

EN ISO 8041‑1:2017, Human response to vibration — Measuring instrumentation — Part 1: General purpose vibration meters (ISO 8041-1:2017)

ISO 2631‑1:1997, Mechanical vibration and shock — Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration — Part 1: General requirements

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/

— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/

3.1.1

machinery

machine

assembly, fitted with or intended to be fitted with a drive system consisting of linked parts or components, at least one of which moves, and which are joined together for a specific application

Note 1 to entry: The term machinery also covers an assembly of machines which, in order to achieve the same end, are arranged and controlled so that they function as an integral whole.

[SOURCE: EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.1, modified – Note 2 to entry has been deleted.]

3.1.2

family of machinery

machinery (3.1.1) of similar design or type, intended to perform the same functions

3.1.3

batch of machinery

lot of machinery

number of units of machinery (3.1.1) intended to perform the same function, produced in quantity, manufactured to the same technical specifications and characterized by the same declared vibration emission value

Note 1 to entry: The batch may be an entire production series or a portion thereof.

3.1.4

operating mode

condition in which the machinery (3.1.1) is performing its intended function, which may be artificially simulated, as specified in a relevant standard

3.1.5

vibration test code

type-C standard related to a specified family or sub-family or type of machinery (3.1.2), which gives all the information necessary to efficiently carry out the determination of the vibration emission characteristics needed for declaration and verification according to this document

Note 1 to entry: The test codes often exclude effects such as ageing or wear and tear.

3.2.1

hand-transmitted vibration

HTV

hand-arm vibration

HAV

mechanical vibration directly applied or transmitted to the hand-arm system, commonly through the palm of the hand or through the fingers gripping a tool or workpiece

[SOURCE: ISO 5805:1997, 5.9, modified – shock deleted]

3.2.2

Whole-body vibration

WBV

mechanical vibration transmitted to the body as a whole, usually through areas of the body (e.g. buttocks, soles of the feet, back) in contact with a supporting contact surface that is vibrating

[SOURCE: ISO 5805:1997, 5.7, modified – shock and shock motion deleted]

3.2.3

vibration total value subjected to the hand-arm system

a_hv

acceleration at the measuring point determined by measurement using a weighting filter according to EN ISO 8041‑1:2017 or by calculation as specified in EN ISO 5349‑1:2001

Note 1 to entry: The hand-arm weighted acceleration is expressed in m/s².

3.2.4

weighted acceleration subjected to the whole-body

a_wx, a_wy, a_wz

acceleration at the measuring point determined by measurement using weighting filters according to EN ISO 8041‑1:2017 (also defined in ISO 2631‑1:1997)

Note 1 to entry: The whole-body weighted acceleration is expressed in m/s².

Note 2 to entry: Indices x, y, z indicate the axes direction according to ISO 2631‑1:1997.

3.2.5

vibration emission value for continuous, weighted vibration

a

variable representing the vibration emission value for continuous, frequency-weighted vibration with respect to a batch of machinery (3.1.3) and a vibration test code (3.1.5)

Note 1 to entry: The vibration emission value is expressed in m/s².

Note 2 to entry: The vibration emission value, a, can be either one of the weighted values according to definitions (3.2.3) or (3.2.4).

3.2.6

vibration emission value for repeated shock vibration

p_F

variable representing the vibration emission value for repeated shock vibration with respect to a batch of machinery (3.1.3) and a vibration test code (3.1.5)

Note 1 to entry: The vibration emission value is expressed in m/s².

Note 2 to entry: p_F is the defined parameter to represent the mean peak value of repeated shock vibrations transmitted to the hand-arm system to be declared.

Note 3 to entry: p_F is the vibration peak magnitude (VPM) of the flat_h acceleration according to EN ISO 5349‑3:2025, Clause 4.

3.3.1

estimate of the continuous, weighted vibration emission value

estimate of the expected value of all possible measurement values for continuous frequency-weighted vibration for a batch of machinery (3.1.3) measured with a given vibration test code (3.1.5)

Note 1 to entry: Vibration test codes often estimate the expected value for assumed normal distributions with the arithmetic mean of a sample.

3.3.2

estimate of the repeated shock vibration emission value

estimate of the expected value of all possible measurement values for repeated shock vibration for a batch of machinery (3.1.3) measured with a given vibration test code (3.1.5)

Note 1 to entry: Vibration test codes often estimate the expected value for assumed normal distributions with the arithmetic mean of a sample.

3.3.3

uncertainty

K

<measurement> value representing the uncertainty of the measured vibration emission value, a or p_F, and also, in the case of batches, production variations of machinery (3.1.1)

Note 1 to entry: The uncertainty is expressed in the same units as the declared emission values.

Note 2 to entry: Here the expanded uncertainty is indicated by the letter K. Its definition rests on the assumption that all possible measurement values can be described by a normal distribution with expected values given by the estimates of continuous, weighted or repeated shock vibration emission values and standard deviations given by the estimates of the reference standard deviation (3.3.8). Its value is usually derived by an estimate of the 95th percentile of this normal distribution.

3.3.4

sample

subset of values X_i from all possible measurement values for a batch of machinery (3.1.3) that result from a vibration test code (3.1.5) (population)

3.3.5

reproducibility conditions

observation conditions where independent test results are obtained with the same vibration test code (3.1.5) on identical test items in different test or measurement facilities with different operators using different instrumentation

[SOURCE: ISO 3534‑2:2006, 3.3.11, modified – replaced method by vibration test code and equipment by instrumentation]

3.3.6

sample size

n

number of units in the sample (3.3.4)

[SOURCE: EN 27574‑1:1988, 3.11, modified – items replaced by units]

3.3.7

arithmetic mean of a sample

sum of values X_i in a sample divided by the sample size (3.3.6)

(1)

Note 1 to entry: Formula (1) can be used for different vibration emission values where X_i represents the vibration emission values for continuous, weighted vibration (3.2.5) or vibration emission value for repeated shock vibration (3.2.6).

Note 2 to entry: Formula (1) is an estimator of the expected value if the variable X is normally distributed.

3.3.8

estimate of the reference standard deviation

s_M

estimate of the standard deviation derived from a sample of size n, if the variable X is normally distributed and the values X_i have been measured under reproducibility conditions

(2)

Note 1 to entry: The symbol σ_M in EN 27574‑4:1988 is changed to s_M, to distinguish the estimate s_M, derived from a sample from the true and unknown standard deviation σ_M of the population.

The vibration emission values used for declaration shall be measured according to the relevant vibration test code, e.g. EN ISO 28927 series or EN IEC 62841 series. If no vibration test code exists, the machinery should be measured in the most representative operating mode in combination with an appropriate B-type standard, e.g. EN ISO 20643 for hand-held or hand-guided machinery, EN 1032 for mobile machinery.

The declared vibration emission values shall be presented in the instructions for use including the following information:

— identification of the machinery or related product;

— the declared vibration emission values a

— for hand-arm vibration declarations, the declared vibration emission value p_F

— the uncertainty values K for the respective emission values;

— identification of the relevant type-C standard; or,

— if no type-C standard exists, identification of the applied operating mode and the relevant type-B standard.

Vibration emission values shall be declared as follows:

— for continuous, weighted vibration (HAV):

where is the uncertainty of the vibration emission value for continuous, weighted HAV;

— for repeated shock vibration (HAV):

where is the uncertainty of the vibration emission value for repeated shock HAV;

— for continuous, weighted vibration (WBV):

where is the uncertainty of the vibration emission value for continuous, weighted WBV.

Emission values shall be given in m/s² and rounded to

— one decimal place for continuous, weighted vibration (HAV), e.g. 2,75 m/s² mathematically rounded to 2,8 m/s²;

— the whole number for repeated shock vibration (HAV), e.g. 1340,3 m/s² mathematically rounded to 1340 m/s²;

— two decimal places for continuous, weighted vibration (WBV), e.g. 0,352 m/s² mathematically rounded to 0,35 m/s².

The uncertainty values, K refer to their respective vibration quantities. Therefore, they are given in the same units and decimal places as the corresponding emission values.

Examples of declared vibration emission values are given in Annex A.

It is assumed that all possible measured values, according to a specific vibration test code of a given batch of machinery, can be described by a normal distribution. Their expected values are given by the estimates of the emission value and their standard deviation by the estimates of the reference standard deviation S_M.

NOTE There are two main contributions to S_M.: the standard deviation of the production and the standard deviation of the measurement under reproducibility conditions.

Therefore, the value of K can be derived from the estimate of the 95th percentile of that normal distribution, e.g. for continuous, weighted vibration in Formular (3) and for repeated shock vibration in Formular (4).

(3)

(4)

The value of 1,645 is the 95^th percentile of the standard normal distribution rounded to three decimal places.

Typical values for K in the case of continuous and weighted vibration are listed in Annex B.

This document covers two cases for the verification of declared vibration emission values:

— verify the declared values using one machine, or

— verify the declared values using three machines.

The verification shall be carried out by vibration measurements performed in accordance with the same vibration test code or basic measurement procedure and in the same operating mode of the machinery to which the declared vibration emission values relate.

The verification procedures need the declared emission value and the reference standard deviation s_M. The latter can be derived from the declared value K according to Formula (3) or Formula (4).

(5)

The reference standard deviation consists of the standard deviation of the production and the standard deviation of the measurement under reproducibility conditions. It is assumed that the latter standard deviation is similar for the laboratories of the manufacturers and verification institution. Therefore, it shall be ascertained that no significant systematic measurement errors relate to the relevant laboratories.

NOTE 1 This is equivalent to the assumption of in EN 27574‑4:1988.

The operating characteristic of the verification procedure is defined in such a way that the manufacturer may expect that a batch of machinery is verified with a probability of 95 %, if the declared values are correct.

NOTE 2 The reference point is not the 95th percentile as in Formula (3) and Formula (4) but the 93,5th percentile, see EN 27574‑4:1988.

Procedures are given for using either one or three machine samples, however, detection of batches of machinery that do not comply with the declared values is more reliable when testing with three machines rather than with only one machine.

Figure (1) gives a flow chart of the two procedures for continuous, frequency weighted vibration. The same procedures can be used to verify the vibration emission value for repeated shock vibration by replacing by in the flow chart in Figure (1).

NOTE The same procedures can be used to verify the vibration emission value for repeated shock vibration by replacing by .

Figure 1 Verification of a batch for continuous, weighted vibration

If the values are declared according to 4.2 a may be used instead of and p_F may be used instead of .

For verification, one emission value for one machine according to the respective vibration test code is measured. The declared values and (a and p_F according to 4.2) and the respective s_M are confirmed as verified if the Formulae (6) hold.

(6)

NOTE  This is equivalent to the single sampling inspection with n=1 in EN 27574‑4:1988.

Verification is based on three randomly selected machines from one batch. In the first step, emission values (if applicable) for one machine shall be measured according to the applicable vibration test code. The declared values and (a and p_F according to 4.2) and the respective s_M values are confirmed as verified if Formula (7) are true.

(7)

The declared values and (a and according to 4.2) and the respective s_M are not confirmed as verified if the Formulae (8) are true.

(8)

If neither Formula (7) nor Formula (8) are true, the remaining two machines shall be measured according to the respective vibration test code, resulting in three measured values (i={1,2,3}). Then, the declared values and (a and p_F, according to 4.2) and the respective s_M are confirmed as verified if Formula (9) is true, where the left-hand sides are the arithmetic means of the three measured values.

(9)

Otherwise, the declared and (a and p_F, according to 4.2) and the respective s_M are not confirmed as verified.

NOTE  This is equivalent to the double sampling inspection with n₁=1 and n₂ = 2 in EN 27574‑4:1988.

1. 
   (informative)
   
   Examples of vibration emission declarations
   1. Declaration for hand-held or hand-guided machinery when a specific vibration test code exists

In Table A.1 an example for a hammer drill of the declaration of vibration emission values for hand-held machinery is shown. Each value and its corresponding uncertainty is listed in the table. The declaration for the same machinery is shown in Table A.2, where the values are listed in a different order.

Table A.1 — Example of the declaration of vibration emission values for hand-held machinery

Table A.2 — Example of the declaration of vibration emission values for hand-held machinery, different representation

• 1. Declaration for mobile machinery when a specific vibration test code exists

An example for the declaration of vibration emission values for industrial trucks is shown in Table A.3, for more examples see EN 13059.

Table A.3 — Example of the declaration of vibration emission values for mobile machinery

1. 
   (informative)
   
   Typical values for the uncertainty of continuous, weighted vibration

Typical values for the uncertainty as a function of the intervals for measured vibration values are listed in Table B.1.

Table B.1 — Uncertainty, K, for different measured values, a

Bibliography

EN 1032, Mechanical vibration — Testing of mobile machinery in order to determine the vibration emission value

ISO 3534‑2:2006, Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 2: Applied statistics

ISO 5805:1997, Mechanical vibration and shock — Human exposure — Vocabulary

EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction

EN ISO 20643, Mechanical vibration — Hand-held and hand-guided machinery — Principles for evaluation of vibration emission(ISO 20643)

EN 13059, Safety of industrial trucks - Test methods for measuring vibration

EN 27574‑1:1988, Acoustics — Statistical methods for determining and verifying stated noise emission values of machinery and equipment — Part 1: general considerations and definitions; (ISO 7574‑1:1985)

EN 27574‑4:1988, Acoustics — Statistical methods for determining and verifying stated noise emission values of machinery and equipment — Part 4: Methods for stated values for batches of machines (ISO 7574‑4:1985)

EN ISO 28927, Hand-held portable power tools — Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission(ISO 28927)

EN IEC 62841‑(all parts),^[1] Electric motor-operated hand-held tools, transportable tools and lawn and garden machinery — Safety

1. Some parts have been adopted by CEN with modifications as the EN 62841 series. ↑