ISO/DIS 20770-1:2025(en)

ISO/TC 195/SC 3

Secretariat: AFNOR

Date: 2024-12-18

Drilling and foundation equipment — Safety — Part 1: Common requirements

Machines de forage et de fondation — Sécurité — Partie 1: Prescriptions communes

© ISO 2025

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Contents

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee Committee ISO/TC 195, Building construction machinery and equipment, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and foundation machinery and equipment.

A list of all parts in the ISO 20770 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

Introduction

This document is a type C standard as stated in ISO 12100:2010.

This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market players with regard to machinery safety:

— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);

— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance etc.)

Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the above-mentioned stakeholder groups:

— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);

— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);

— service providers, e. g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);

— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).

The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting process of this document.

The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this document.

When requirements of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the requirements of this type C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards, for drilling and foundation machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type C standard.

Drilling and foundation equipment — Safety — Part 1: Common requirements

This document specifies the common safety requirements for drilling and foundation equipment.

This document deals with the significant hazards (see Annex F) common to drilling and foundation equipment (see ISO 11886:____)^[1], , when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (transport, assembly, dismantling, equipment in service and out of service, maintenance, moving on site, storage, disabling and scrapping).

NOTE 1 The requirements specified in this part of the standard are common to two or more families of drilling and foundation equipment.

This document gives common safety requirements for drilling and foundation equipment and is intended to be used in conjunction with relevant parts of this series (Part 2 thru Part 6). These machine specific parts do not repeat the requirements from part 1 but supplement or modify the requirements for the type of drilling and foundation equipment in question.

For multipurpose machinery, the parts of the standard that cover the specific functions and applications are used, e.g. a drilling machine also used as a piling machine will use the relevant requirements of ISO 20770-1 to -6.

The following machines are excluded from the scope of this standard:

— autonomous or semi-autonomous (as defined in ISO 17757:2019) drilling and foundation equipment;

— tunnelling machines, unshielded tunnel boring machines and rodless shaft boring machines for rock according to EN 16191;

— raise boring machines;

— drill rigs used in oil and gas industry ;

— specialized mining machinery and equipment for opencast mining (e.g. rock drill rigs, blast hole drills) (under the scope of ISO/TC 82);

— all underground mining machinery and equipment for the extraction of solid mineral substances (e.g. rock drill rigs, raise boring machines, shaft boring machines, mining auger boring machines, jumbos) as well as machinery and equipment for underground mine development (under the scope of ISO/TC 82);

— core drilling machines on stand (covered by EN 12348);

— hand-held machines (in particular machines covered by ISO 11148‑5);

— horizontal directional drilling machines (HDD) as defined in ISO 21467).

NOTE 2 ISO 23224 (in preparation) deals with the significant hazards for horizontal directional drilling (HDD) machines.

NOTE 3 Specific requirements for offshore applications are not covered by this document.

Where a drilling and foundation machine of fixed configuration that is not intended to be separated is assembled using a carrier machine based on earth-moving equipment, agricultural equipment, or crane, then the completed assembly is covered by this document.

Drilling and foundation machinery within the scope of ISO 20770 parts 1 to 5 may include interchangeable auxiliary equipment within the scope of ISO 20770-6, either as an integral part of its construction or as interchangeably fitted equipment.

Hazards due to:

— self-learning systems;

— cybersecurity;

— corruption due to machines which are connected to the internet or an external network;

— potentially explosive atmosphere, or lightning;

— high-voltage batteries integrated in the power source system

are not covered by this document.

This document is not applicable to drilling and foundation equipment manufactured before the date of its publication.

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 474‑1:2022, Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements

EN 474‑5:2022, Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators

NOTE Although the ISO 20474 series has the same scope as the EN 474 series, the European standards are more recent and therefore more representative of the state of the art.

EN 614‑1:2006+A1:2009, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and general principles

EN 614‑2:2000+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 2 : interactions between the design of machinery and work tasks

EN 795:2012, Personal fall protection equipment — Anchor devices

EN 12254:2010, Screens for laser working places - Safety requirements and testing

EN 60825‑4:2006, Safety of laser products - Part 4 : Laser guards

EN ISO 14118:2018, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up

EN 13411‑6:2004+A1:2008, Terminations for steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 6: Asymmetric wedge socket

EN 13411‑7:2006+A1:2008, Terminations for steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 7: Symmetric wedge socket

ISO 12117:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Tip-over protection structure (TOPS) for compact excavators — Laboratory tests and performance requirements

IEC 60204‑1:2016, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements

ISO 2860:1992, Earth-moving machinery — Minimum access dimensions

ISO 2867:2011, Earth-moving machinery — Access systems

ISO 3411:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope

ISO 3449:2005, Earth-moving machinery — Falling-object protective structures — Laboratory tests and performance requirements

ISO 3450:2011, Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines — Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems

ISO 3457:2003, Earth-moving machinery — Guards — Definitions and requirements

ISO 3471:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Roll-over protective structures — Laboratory tests and performance requirements

ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane

ISO 3747:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Engineering/survey methods for use in situ in a reverberant environment

ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components

ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components

ISO 4871:1996, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment

ISO 6682:2008,^[2] Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls

ISO 7096:2020, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration

ISO 9614‑2:1996, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity — Part 2: Measurement by scanning

ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections

ISO 11203:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions from the sound power level

ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction

ISO 13732‑1:2006, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces

ISO 13766‑1:2018, Earth-moving and building construction machinery — Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of machines with internal electrical power supply — Part 1: General EMC requirements under typical electromagnetic environmental conditions

ISO 13766‑2:2018, Earth-moving and building construction machinery — Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of machines with internal electrical power supply — Part 2: Additional EMC requirements for functional safety

ISO 13849‑1:2015, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design

ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design

ISO 13855:2010, Safety of machinery — Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds of parts of the human body

ISO 13856‑1:2013, Safety of machinery — Pressure-sensitive protective devices — Part 1: General principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive mats and pressure-sensitive floors

ISO 13856‑2:2013, Safety of machinery — Pressure-sensitive protective devices — Part 2: General principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars

ISO 13856‑3:2013, Safety of machinery — Pressure-sensitive protective devices — Part 3: General principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive bumpers, plates, wires and similar devices

ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs

ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards

ISO 14122‑4:2004, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 4: Fixed ladders^[3]

IEC 61000‑6-2:2016, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-2: Generic standards — Immunity standard for industrial environments

IEC 61000‑6-4:2018, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-4: Generic standards — Immunity standard for industrial environments

IEC 61496‑1:2020, Safety of machinery — Electro-sensitive protective equipment — Part 1: General requirements and tests

ISO 2631‑1:1997, Mechanical vibration and shock — Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration — Part 1: General requirements^[4]

ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination of burning behaviour of interior materials

ISO 4302:2016, Cranes — Wind load assessment

ISO 4309:2010, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance, inspection and discard

ISO 5006:2017, Earth-moving machinery — Operator's field of view — Test method and performance criteria

ISO 6405‑1:2017, Earth-moving machinery — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1: Common symbols

ISO 6683:2005, Earth-moving machinery — Seat belts and seat belt anchorages — Performance requirements and tests

ISO 7000:2012, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Registered symbols

ISO 9533:2010, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-mounted audible travel alarms and forward horns — Test methods and performance criteria

ISO 10265:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Crawler machines — Performance requirements and test procedures for braking systems

ISO 10532:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-mounted retrieval device — Performance requirements

ISO 10567:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavators — Lift capacity

ISO 10570:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Articulated frame lock — Performance requirements

ISO 10968:2020, Earth-moving machinery — Operator's controls

ISO 12117‑2:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory tests and performance requirements for protective structures of excavators — Part 2: Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for excavators of over 6 t

ISO 12508:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Operator station and maintenance areas — Bluntness of edges

ISO 15817:2012, Earth-moving machinery — Safety requirements for remote operator control systems

ISO 15818:2017, Earth-moving machinery — Lifting and tying-down attachment points — Performance requirements

ISO 11886, ____^[5], Drilling and foundation machinery — Soil drilling machines, and soil/rock drilling machines, and foundation machines — Commercial specifications

ISO 16625:2013, Cranes and hoists — Selection of wire ropes, drums and sheaves

For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11886:____⁵⁾, ISO 12100:2010 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp

— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/

3.1

working platform for lifting personnel

platform used for raising or lowering personnel and materials, independently guided by the leader (3.7), to enable operational work or maintenance to be carried out

3.2

movable platform

level surface attached to leader guided parts of drilling and foundation equipment, e.g. drill head, to enable operational work or maintenance to be carried out

Note 1 to entry: The movable platform can be a temporary or permanent attachment.

Note 2 to entry: Persons may enter and stay on the movable platform only when it is stationary.

3.3

assistant

person who assists with the drilling and foundation equipment operation but is not responsible for control of the drilling and foundation equipment

Note 1 to entry: The assistant could be exposed to moving parts involved in the drilling process without having the control on the said moving parts.

3.4

driver (for transport movement)

person controlling and moving drilling and foundation equipment while driving

3.5

operator

person controlling the drilling and foundation equipment while operating

Note 1 to entry: The operator may also be the driver of the rig.

Note 2 to entry: The operator can also be the maintenance technician of the rig.

3.6

user

person or entity having direct control over the use of the the drilling and foundation equipment

3.7

working area

area near a machine in which its tools are moved in order to carry out work

[SOURCE: ISO 18758-1:2018, 17.3]

3.8

danger zone

any zone within and/or around drilling and foundation equipment in which a person is exposed to risk of injury or damage to health

Note 1 to entry: For drilling and foundation equipment this means the area in which a person can be reached by an operational movement of the drilling and foundation equipment, by any part involved in the process by swinging or falling parts, pile elements and evacuated spoil or by ejected material.

3.9

hook load

actual load carried by the hook of the bottom block, including the weight of the bottom block and of the running ropes

3.10

rope safety factor

chain safety factor

ratio between the guaranteed minimum breaking and maximum pulling load

3.11

required stability angle

minimum required value for stability angle (α_sr)

Note 1 to entry: Different values can be required for different load cases (e.g. travelling, working) and types of machine.

3.12

tilt angle

angle between the ground contact plane of the carrier and the operating slope in a tilted position used for the determination of the stability angle

Note 1 to the Entry: Tilt angle is increased from zero to the tipping angle in the stability calculation process

3.13

balance point

point where the moment acting to overturn the drilling and foundation equipment at a specific load overhang is equal to the stabilizing moment

3.14

tramming

moving of drilling and foundation equipment in operating condition on site

3.15

travelling

moving of drilling and foundation equipment in non-operating condition specified by the manufacturer

3.16

line pull

pulling force to the rope by the winch at the outer diameter of the drum/outer layer of the rope

3.17

geometric protection zone

volume within which, in case of a rolling-over or tilting-over of the rig, the cabin is located to be safe from major deformations

Note 1 to entry: Figure 5 (subclause 4.14.1) illustrates a geometric protection zone.

3.18

supplementary trip device

sensitive protective equipment intended to detect the touch of a person or body part of a person (mechanically or electro sensitive activated trip) and which can also act as impeding device

Note 1 to entry: This device is aimed at reducing severity of the accident, in addition to the other protective devices intended to reduce the occurrences of accidents.

Drilling and foundation equipment shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures of this clause. In addition, the drilling and foundation equipment shall be designed according to the principles of ISO 12100:2010 for relevant but not significant hazards, which are not dealt with by this document.

General

The loads acting on drilling and foundation equipment are divided into the categories of regular, occasional and exceptional as given in 4.2.1.2, 4.2.1.3 and 4.2.1.4. For the calculation of means of access, loads only acting locally are given in ISO 2867:2011.

These loads shall be considered in proof against failure by uncontrolled movement, yielding, elastic instability and, where applicable, against fatigue.

Regular loads

Regular loads comprise for example the following:

a) lifting and gravity effects acting on the mass of the drilling and foundation equipment;

b) inertial and gravity effects acting on the lifted load;

c) loads caused by travelling on uneven surface;

d) loads caused by acceleration of all drives;

e) loads induced by displacements;

f) loads induced by drilling and foundation operation.

Regular loads occur frequently under normal operation.

Occasional loads

Occasional loads comprise for example the following:

a) loads due to in-service wind;

b) snow and ice loads;

c) loads due to temperature variation;

d) loads caused by erection and dismantling.

Occasional loads occur infrequently; therefore fatigue assessment is not mandatory.

Exceptional loads

Exception loads comprise for example the following:

a) loads caused by rescue lifting or pulling under exceptional circumstances;

b) loads due to out-of-service wind;

c) test loads;

d) loads caused by emergency cut-out.

Exceptional loads occur infrequently; therefore fatigue assessment is not mandatory.

General

The calculations shall conform to the laws and principles of applied mechanics and strength of materials. If special formulae are used, the sources shall be given, if they are generally available. Otherwise the formulae shall be developed from first principles, so that their validity can be checked.

The individual loads shall be taken to act in the positions, directions and combinations which produce the most unfavourable conditions under all intended operating conditions.

For all critical load-bearing components and joints, the required information on stresses or safety factors shall be included in calculations in a clear and easily verifiable form. If necessary for checking the calculations, details of the main dimensions, cross-sections and materials for the individual components and joints shall be given.

Calculation methods

The method of calculation shall follow any one of the recognised international or national design standards, which includes fatigue-stress calculation methods.

For example the EN 13001 series may be used.

The elastic deformations of slender components and geometrical non-linear effects shall be taken into account when necessary for accomplishing a safe and suitable structure.

EN 1993-1-1:2005, 5.2, may be used.

The analysis shall be made for the worst-case load combinations. The calculated stresses shall not exceed the permissible values. The calculated safety factors shall not fall below the required values. The permissible values of stresses and the required values of safety factors depend on the material, the load combination and the calculation method.

Analysis

General stress analysis

The general stress analysis is the proof against failure by yielding or fracturing. This analysis shall be made for all load-bearing components and joints which are critical to failure. Finite element analysis (FEA) modelling may be used to meet this requirement. The FEA model shall be specified and include an explanation of the loading areas, load types, constraint areas and constraint types.

Elastic stability analysis

Elastic stability analysis is the proof against failure by elastic instability (e.g. buckling). This analysis shall be made for all critical load-bearing components subjected to compressive loads and defined as those whose failure represents a hazard to the entire structure. Any initial residual stresses and geometrical imperfections of those components shall be taken into account for analysis.

EN 1993-1-1:2005, 5.3, may be used.

Fatigue-stress analysis

Fatigue-stress analysis is the proof against failure by fatigue due to stress fluctuations. This analysis shall be made for all load-bearing components and joints which are critical to fatigue, taking into account the construction details, the degree of stress fluctuation and the number of stress cycles.

General

This subclause contains requirements for the calculation of stability of drilling and foundation equipment.

Drilling and foundation equipment shall be so designed and constructed that it is sufficiently stable under the intended operating conditions, e.g. transport, rigging, tramming, parking and working, and that there is no risk of overturning.

The above mentioned operating conditions shall be the same described as intended use in the operator’s manual.

Foreseeable misuse shall also be taken into consideration.

The rigid body stability shall be verified by calculation.

Stability criteria

The following stability criteria and calculations refer to mobile and stationary equipment:

a) The calculation shall assume that the equipment is standing on firm ground. The maximum allowed operating slope, if any, shall be considered in the calculation.

b) The calculation is based on the algebraic sum of all moments which simultaneously occur (see 4.2.3.4).

c) The parameter assumed for assessing stability is the stability angle, representing the residual angle by which the equipment, subjected to a system of loads including dynamic ones, can be tilted before tipping over.

d) The stability shall be proven according to 4.2.3.5. The stability criterion is: the stability angle shall not be less than the required stability angle.

e) As an alternative to indent c) and d): for rigging and de-rigging calculations, the stabilising moments of parts behind the tipping line shall exceed the tipping moments of parts in front of the tipping line by at least 10 %.

f) Calculation of ground pressure shall be in accordance with 4.2.3.7.

These criteria are not applicable to equipment fixed to the ground, floating pontoons or a foundation. For those rigs, the moments from weights and loads shall be taken into account when calculating and designing the anchoring of the rig.

Tipping lines

General

Tipping lines shall be taken from ISO 10567:2007, 4.1.3 and 4.1.4.

Tipping lines for crawler machines

For crawler machines the tipping line definition given in Figure 1 shall be used.

Key

Figure 1 — Tipping line for tipping in direction of travel

Additional support

Examples of tipping lines in case of additional support by outrigger or leader are given in Figure 2:

Figure 2 — Tipping lines

System of loads

General

Loads acting on the equipment are external loads (pulling-pushing working loads or lifting loads), mass loads (due to gravitational, centrifugal, inertial accelerations), and surface loads (mainly due to wind).

Weights and moments of inertia

Weights, positions of centres of gravity and moments of inertia of single parts of the equipment, including the base machine, which have a significant effect on the stability and which are input data for the stability calculation, shall be verified by weighing as far as possible and/or by calculation.

The position of the total centre of gravity and the total weight shall be measured by testing or calculated using the centres of gravity and weights of all parts of the equipment.

This calculation shall be made to search the most unfavourable combination of masses, their positions and configuration of the equipment.

Centrifugal load

For equipment with a slewing superstructure, the calculation shall consider the effect of centrifugal load which acts at the centre of gravity of the rotating masses, including the mass of superstructure and working loads.

For any working loads (e.g. swinging leader, lifted load) whose radial position is not fixed relative to the axis of rotation, its centrifugal load is considered to be applied to its suspension point on the structure.

An overspeed limiting device shall be used to limit the slewing speed to the value used for calculation.

Wind load

The calculation shall be made according to ISO 4302:2016 for a wind pressure

— for in-service load cases:

— p = 0,25 kPa (250 N/m²);

— for erected out-of-service:

— p = 0,8 kPa (800 N/m²), surfaces lower than 20 m from the ground;

— p = 1,1 kPa (1 100 N/m²), surfaces higher than 20 m from the ground;

— p = 1,65 kPa (1 650 N/m²) for offshore applications.

— for all other operating conditions:

)

The direction of the wind , if any, load shall be considered as acting in the most unfavourable combination with other loads.

Dynamic loads

The effect of dynamic loads which are caused by movement of the equipment or suddenly released loads shall also be considered.

Examples are: accelerations of lifted load, travel accelerations, slewing accelerations, adjustment of leader position, etc.

For working loads (e.g. swinging leader, lifted load) whose radial position is not fixed relative to the axis of rotation, the mass shall be applied to its suspension point on the structure.

The dynamic effect of sudden release of suspended load is an upward load that shall be calculated considering the application and the structure of the equipment such as drop hammer, diesel hammer ram, chisel, hammer grab, rope grab, etc. or on the basis of a default value of 30 % of the released mass.

When available, measured accelerations/deceleration values shall be used for the calculation.

Such measurement shall be made by operating the controls in the most abrupt way in order to define the highest real acceleration/deceleration, both when starting and when stopping the movement to/from the maximum speed.

In the absence of measured values of acceleration/deceleration, approximate values (a_appr , ώ_appr) may be used in the calculations.

a_appr and ώ_appr are obtained as follows:

a_appr =

where

ώ_appr =

where

The following values of k shall be applied:

— k = 1 for centrifugal forces;

— 1 ≤ k ≤ 1,5 for movements with no backlash or in cases where existing backlash does not affect the dynamic forces and with smooth change of forces;

— 1,5 ≤ k ≤ 2 for movements with no backlash or in cases where existing backlash does not affect the dynamic forces and with sudden change of forces;

— k = 3 for movements with considerable backlash, if not estimated more accurate by using a spring-mass-model.

Finally, in the absence of both direct (a_test, ώ_test) and indirect (Δs, Δθ, Δt) measurements, default acceleration/deceleration values may be used. These values are listed in Table 1 hereafter.

The manufacturer ensures that these values are not exceeded.

Table 1 also provides a summary of the methods explained above.

Table 1 — Values for acceleration/deceleration

Horizontal load from unguided lifted load

The design shall take account of horizontal loads arising from the lifting of items on the hoist in a non-vertical manner. The manufacturer shall give in the operator's manual the limit admitted in the pulling of the rope in inclined direction for lifting unguided parts involved in the working process.

Although lifting may be foreseen vertically only, in practice it cannot be prevented that under normal operating circumstances some rope pulling on the slant occurs. In this case the effect of this slanting rope pull is taken into account by a horizontal load as follows.

for L < 10 t: 0,1 kN

for L > 10 t: kN

with a maximum of 50 kN,

where

The direction of this load shall be chosen in such a way that the overturning moments are as unfavourable as possible.

It is not necessary to consider a combination of this horizontal load and slewing.

NOTE Already at an angle between the hoisting cable and the vertical axis of only 6°, the horizontal component of the rope pull is equal to 0,1 of the vertical component.

The horizontal load is considered to be applied to its suspension point on the structure.

Working loads

Other working loads that can influence the stability shall be taken into account when calculating the stability:

— the winch force between leader and drilling tool in the bore hole. The drill string and drilling tool shall not be regarded as a support when only a rope is being used for pulling up the drilling tool;

— pulling or extraction load;

— pushing or feed load that may cause a backward overturning. The maximum permissible values shall be given in the operator's manual, see 6.3.2.2.3.

In the case of drilling down, the drill string shall not be considered as a support.

In the case of upwards drilling, it shall be checked that the available feed forces do not make the rear part of the drill rig lift.

The manufacturer shall give in the operator's manual the limit angle admitted for the use of service rope in inclined direction for lifting unguided parts involved in the working process. The stability calculation shall give consideration to this inclined load in the most unfavourable combination.

Stability calculation – Tipping angle

For each tipping line the algebraic sum of moments which simultaneously occur shall be calculated, considering the most unfavourable combination of loads, their position and equipment geometry.

The moment calculation shall be repeated for a tilted position of the equipment around the tipping line, taking into account that some loads (e.g. feed load, centrifugal and inertial loads) rotate together with the equipment, while other loads are fixed in direction (e.g. weight and wind loads, swinging loads).

The tilt angle will be increased until the sum of moments results to be nil. The final tilt angle is assumed as tipping angle relative to this tipping line.

The minimum among the tipping angles relative to all the tipping lines is the stability angle of the equipment in the considered load case and position.

All operating, travelling and erection/dismantling conditions shall be examined, according to the relevant instructions given in the operator’s manual. The stability angle for all above load cases shall be determined.

Stability angle shall be not less than the required value as specified in ISO 20770 parts 2 to 6. These parts may prescribe calculations relating to specific situations.

Deformations and displacements under load shall be taken into account where the design calculation or the practice show that they may significantly affect the stability of the equipment.

See Figure 3 for a schematic explanation of method used for the stability calculation (see also 4.2.3.6.6).

Key

Figure 3 — Schematic explanation of stability calculation

Operating conditions

General

The calculation shall consider the most unfavourable conditions which may occur at the same time, including the following conditions, as specified in the operator’s manual.

Examples are given in following subclauses.

In service – during operation

Examples of generally critical conditions are listed below.

a) the most unfavourable position and maximum forward, backward or sideways inclination of the leader;

b) moveable loads in the most unfavourable position;

c) most unfavourable tipping line;

d) for a slewing superstructure, centrifugal load due to maximum slewing speed and loads due to relevant accelerations;

e) loads caused by adjustment to leader position;

f) dynamic effects of raising or suddenly releasing loads;

g) maximum extracting or pull-down load;

h) inclined rope pull of unguided loads;

i) wind in the most unfavourable direction.

Tramming

For tramming between working positions, parameters listed in 4.2.3.6.2 shall be considered where appropriate.

In addition, the acceleration loads caused by the tractive functions of the carrier machine shall be considered.

Possible restrictions to geometry and loads when tramming shall be defined in the operator’s manual.

Out of service – erected leader

The calculation shall be based on the drilling and foundation equipment weights and wind pressure in the foreseen configuration.

Out of service – lowered leader, during rigging and stowed condition during transport

The calculation shall be based on the drilling and foundation equipment weights and wind pressure in the foreseen configuration.

Travelling and operating on slopes

The calculation of the stability angle shall start from an initial position of parts of the machine and equipment suitable for the relevant slope angle, as allowed and prescribed in the operator’s manual. For example, when working on a slope with leader rendered vertical, the angle between the machine and the leader feature a different configuration of geometry and loads position in respect to the work on horizontal ground. This initial configuration is the one that shall be tilted to search the stability angle.

Equipment mounted on truck or trailer

In addition to the above mentioned criteria, the following shall be considered:

When equipment is mounted on a truck or trailer chassis, the weight distribution, the axle and tyre loading shall be within the limits specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

Consideration shall be given to the elastic effect of vehicle suspensions.

Leader support foot

Special consideration shall be given to equipment provided with a support foot at the base of leader (telescopic leader foot, sliding leader or similar), see Figure 2.

NOTE If the foot is capable of lifting the front side of crawlers, thus excluding some previous support point and limiting the area surrounded by the tipping lines, an additional risk is generated. On the contrary, if the foot is not in contact with the ground (e.g. due to ground collapse), some tilt angle is allowed before the efficiency of the foot is restored. Consideration shall be given to the fact that both cases may drastically reduce the intended effect of such device.

When the foot is in working position it shall be designed to withstand the foreseen support reaction.

Ground pressure

The ground pressure of crawler mounted drilling and foundation equipment shall be calculated in accordance with Annex D.

When calculating strength and stability of drilling and foundation equipment that is operating on a floating ship, barge or pontoon, the expected deviations by trim and list shall be considered. The resulting angle due to trim and list during handling and drilling or piling shall be maximum 2,5°. When lifting pile elements and/or changing position of the equipment on the pontoon, the maximum allowed angle due to trim and list is 5°.

Electrical components and conductors shall be installed in such a way as to avoid damage from exposure to environmental conditions (corresponding to the intended use of the machine) which can cause deterioration. Lead-through, e.g. through frames and bulkheads, shall be protected from abrasion.

Electrical wires/cables not protected by over-current devices shall not be strapped in direct contact with pipes and hoses containing fuel.

The electric installation of drilling and foundation equipment shall comply with the requirements of EN 60204‑1:2018.

When the ambient temperature limits set in EN 60204-1:2018 are exceeded, the appropriate means, such as heating or cooling, shall be used.

Batteries shall be firmly attached in a ventilated space. The batteries shall be provided with handles and/or grips to allow their easy removal in order to avoid hazardous concentration of gases, e.g. hydrogen, acid vapours.

Batteries and/or battery locations shall be designed and built or covered to minimise any hazard to the operator and maintenance personnel caused by battery acid or acid vapours in the event of overturning of the machine, recharging the batteries and during maintenance activities.

Live parts (not connected to the frame) and/or connectors shall be covered with insulation material.

The location should have an easy access. Batteries should be easily removable.

It shall be possible to disconnect batteries easily, e.g. by a quick coupling or an accessible isolator switch. The symbol according to ISO 7000:2012, symbol 2063, shall be used for identification.

The electrical equipment shall not generate electromagnetic disturbances above levels that are appropriate for its intended operating environment. In addition, the electrical equipment shall have a sufficient level of immunity to electromagnetic disturbances so that it can function in its intended environment.

Machines shall meet the EMC requirements of:

— ISO 13766-1:2018 and ISO 13766-2:2018;

or

— IEC 61000-6-2:2016 and IEC 61000-6-4:2018.

See also IEC 61000-6-7:2014.

NOTE Tests are carried out either on the complete machines or on the safety-relevant ESA (Electrical/electronic subassemblies) as specified in ISO 13766 series.

The hydraulic systems shall comply with the requirements of ISO 12100:2010, 6.2.10 and ISO 4413:2010.

Hydraulic cylinders used for erection and lifting shall be fitted with load-sustaining devices which shall be self-bleeding or fitted with an air bleed point at the highest point.

Alternatively, bleeding can also be obtained by moving the piston between full stroke movements.

Load holding cylinders (e.g. leader lifting cylinders, feed cylinders) shall be fitted with a load holding device to prevent unintended movement caused by failure of an external pipe or hose [excluding those pipes indicated in c)]. The load holding device shall only release the overpressure caused by an external force or by an internal force due to, e.g. thermal expansion inside the cylinder. The setting of the internal relief-valve shall be at a pressure which does not allow movements causing unsafe conditions. They shall be either:

a) integral with the cylinder; or

b) directly and rigidly flange-mounted; or

c) placed close to the cylinder and connected to it by means of rigid pipes, having welded or flanged connections and being calculated in the same way as the cylinder.

Flexible hydraulic hoses intended for pressures higher than 15 MPa shall be fitted with swaged fittings.

Hydraulic hoses and pipes shall be separated from electric power wiring (except signal cables) and be guarded against hot surfaces and sharp edges , in accordance with EN 60204‑1:2018, 13.5.1 and 13.5.7.

Pipes and hoses, which have to be disconnected frequently, shall be fitted with self-sealing couplings with built-in check valves. Couplings shall be marked to ensure correct reconnection.

The tanks for hydraulic fluid shall be fitted with level indicators and a low level sensor or cut out switch to prevent damage to the hydraulic system and loss of hydraulic power, which gives a warning signal. The filling point of the tank shall be so designed that overflow is prevented when working on any gradient for which the drilling and foundation equipment is designed.

A temperature gauge or a monitor, which gives a warning signal (at least visual) shall be fitted in order to detect an excess of the allowed temperature.

Pneumatic installations shall comply with the requirements of ISO 12100:2010, 6.2.10 and ISO 4414:2010.

Pipes, hoses and fittings shall be able to withstand the stresses from the pressure. The requirements of ISO 4413:2010 and ISO 4414:2010 shall be complied with.

Hoses and pipes at the operator's position shall be shielded to prevent a hazard due to a rupture of hose or pipe or a high velocity jet or pressurized release of oil from a hose or pipe, e.g. as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 — Example of shielding

Hoses and pipes for materials such as air, water, mud, concrete, grout etc., shall be secured in case of disconnection or breakage, by means of adequate restraints.

An interruption of the power supply and a re-establishment after an interruption shall not lead to a hazardous situation in particular:

— it shall only be possible to restart drilling and foundation equipment as described in 4.15.3;

— the drilling and foundation equipment shall not be prevented from stopping if the stop command has been given;

— no part of the machine or a tool shall fall or be ejected;

— stopping, automatic or manual, of moving parts shall be unimpeded;

— guards and other protective devices shall remain effective.

A power failure or a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure drop shall not cause any hazardous movements or actions. Such failures shall not stop the emergency stop systems from functioning.

Machine and equipment or attachment movement from the holding position, other than by actuation of the controls by the operator, due to drift or creep (e.g. by leaking) or when power supply stops, shall be limited to the extent that it cannot create a risk to exposed persons.

Brakes for travelling of the carrier machine shall comply with the requirements of ISO 3450:2011 (wheeled machines) or ISO 10265 (crawler machines).

Drilling and foundation equipment capable of slewing shall meet the requirements of EN 474-5:2022, Annex C.

Winches, ropes and pulleys not directly involved in the drilling or foundation process shall comply with EN 14492-1:2006+A1:2009 or ISO 16625:2013.

For drilling and foundation equipment equipped with winches, ropes and pulleys that are directly involved in the drilling or foundation process, 4.8.2 to 4.8.4 shall be fulfilled.

NOTE Such systems are:

— systems running drill rods, chisels, kelly bars, hammer grabs, free fall hammers, piling hammers and other impact tools, by free fall, controlled free fall or powered lowering;

— systems running drill rods, casings, tools, tremie pipes and other accessories in and out of the bore hole;

— systems handling vibrators, pile elements, sheet piles, reinforcement elements, to and from the drilling and foundation equipment;

— systems assisting assembling, replacing and dismantling of equipment and tools;

— cable feed systems;

— any other system using winches, ropes and sheaves for any purpose other than lifting goods and personnel.

For requirements on winches, ropes and pulleys for working platforms for lifting personnel and movable platforms, see 4.13.2 and 4.13.3.

Winches shall be equipped with:

— a service brake system;

— a holding brake system.

Both systems shall act independently.

The holding brake systems shall act automatically and prevent an unintentional running back of the load if the winch control levers are not actuated or in the case of failure of the energy supply.

NOTE 1 The brake systems may use common components. The load lowering valves of hydraulically powered winches or lowering devices are considered to be service brake systems.

Both brake systems shall each hold a minimum of 1,3 times the maximum allowed line pull. The service brake shall enable the operator to retard and stop a descending load smoothly.

If the service brake is coupled to the winch or draw-work by means of a disengageable clutch, a device shall be installed which is visible to the operator and indicates whether the clutch is engaged or not.

If an electrical eddy-current brake or a fluid fly-wheel brake is fitted as the service brake, all information necessary for the operation, for example rotational speed, temperature, water flow rate, operating voltage, shall be indicated within the view of the winch operator.

Winches or draw-works used for external loads to the equipment, having a negative influence on stability shall have a measuring system indicating the line pull of the rope or the hook load. Alternatively, there shall be a line pull limiter (e.g. a restriction of drive torque) to the winch. A capacity table visible to the operator shall show the allowed line pull.

Winches or draw-works shall have a limiting device stopping any movement that reduces the distance to the end position before the end position is reached. For winches with a capacity equal to or less than 20 kN, a mechanical limit stopping device without influence on the winch control is sufficient.

Activation of the free fall function of the winch shall only be possible by actuation of two independent controls simultaneously. Both controls shall be of the hold-to-run type.

NOTE 2 After the initial activation of the free fall function it may be possible to further activate an automatic cycle mode.

When a winch is designed for several functions, including a free fall function, a key enabled mode selector shall be fitted, which allows the free fall function to be operated.

Flanges on drums shall be designed to extend at least 1,5 rope diameters beyond the outer layer of rope in all operating conditions.

There shall always remain at least three revolutions of rope on the winch drum. The rope fastening on the drum shall be such that the fastening strength is at least 70 % of the maximum allowed rope load.

Pulley and drum diameters shall meet the following minimum requirements:

— winch drum pitch = 14,0 d,

— pulley pitch = 16,0 d,

— compensation pulley pitch = 12,5 d,

— pulley pitch in the feed system = 12,5 d,

where d is the diameter of the rope.

All pulley assemblies shall be provided with devices preventing the rope from disengaging.

The following minimum safety requirements shall be met:

Rope safety factors composed of intrinseque safety factor of the rope and the loss factor of the rope terminations (e.g. for the rope safety factor of 3,0 and if the rope termination loss factor is 0,8, a rope intrinseque safety factor of 3,75 is required):

— for running ropes = 3,0,

— running ropes for boom or leader during erection and dismantling = 3,0,

— stationary ropes in service or out of service = 3,0,

— stationary ropes during erection and dismantling = 2,5,

— free fall drop hammer or chisel = 3,0,

— for feed and pulling down ropes = 3,0,

— cable tool percussion drilling = 5,0.

NOTE For cable tool percussion drilling, the safety factor 5,0 is the ratio between minimal breaking load and the static weight of the drilling tool and excludes the weight of the content of the bucket.

Permanent rope end terminations shall consist of pressed, swaged or spelter poured sockets.

Detachable rope end terminations that consist of wedge type sockets shall be in accordance with EN 13411-6:2004+A1:2008 or EN 13411-7:2006+A1:2008.

Rope end connections using wire rope clamping devices are only permitted for free fall applications and they shall comply with Annex C.

Roller and leaf chains, which may be an integral part of the feed system of a drilling and foundation equipment and are directly involved in the pull-down and pull-up operation, shall fulfil the following requirements:

— they shall be selected with a safety factor, i.e. minimum breaking load in relation to maximum load, of 3,5;

— an adequate and safe means of tensioning shall be provided;

— where possible, chains shall wrap 180° around sprockets or guide pulleys.

Mechanically raised leaders, derricks and feed beams shall be equipped with a protective means designed to engage automatically in the event of failure of the lifting mechanism to prevent the leader from falling.

Locking pins or other removable devices for holding erected leaders and feed beams in place shall be secured against unintentional loosening.

NOTE Pins or securing devices may be captive and attached at the locking point using a chain or similar.

Due consideration shall be given to stresses caused by the asymmetrical racking of drill rods or rod magazines. When guy ropes are necessary for leaders and derricks, the pre-tensioning shall be laid down in a tension diagram. It shall be possible to control tension forces.

The rated load (normal load or pull-up force) of leaders, derricks and feed beams shall be clearly displayed at the operator's position.

Structural damage to the machine shall be prevented by design or by a means, e.g. feed system stroke limiting device.

NOTE Stroke limiting devices do not prevent tipping or overloading of the machine.

If a feed system stroke limiting device is fitted, it shall only stop the movement of the boom, leader or rotary head carriage. They shall not stop the engine. When activated, the operator shall be able to recover the boom, leader or rotary head carriage back to its normal working position. Where necessary, a hold-to-run override switch shall be fitted to permit the erection and dismantling of the drilling and foundation equipment.

Where the position of a leader or boom can affect stability of the machine, an indicating device for the angle (angle between leader or boom and vertical/horizontal) shall be installed so that it is clearly visible to the operator. This requirement does not apply to drilling and foundation equipment with more than 3 kinematic degrees of freedom of the leader or boom.

Drilling and foundation equipment with more than 3 kinematic degrees of freedom of the leader or boom combination shall:

— display instructions on stability and any restrictions, e.g. locking of oscillating tracks, in simple diagrammatic form at the driver's and operator's position and in the instruction manual;

— be designed in order that the operator/driver can check stability with the gradient angle indicator of the carrier machine only.

A system for indication of inclination of the carrier machine shall be provided.

The machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN 614‑1:2006+A1:2009. Interactions between the design of machinery and work tasks shall comply with EN 614‑2:2000+A1:2008.

The drilling and foundation equipment shall be designed according to ergonomic principles to reduce the fatigue and stress on the operator and maintenance personnel. Consideration shall be given to the fact that operators and maintenance personnel may wear personal protective equipment, e.g. heavy gloves and footwear . For guidance, see ISO 3411:2007 and ISO 6682:2008.

Access systems shall comply with ISO 2860:2008 and ISO 2867:2011 with the exemption that passage openings shall have a clear body opening with a minimum cross sectional dimension of 600 mm.

NOTE This dimension allows the passage of stretchers.

Access systems shall be provided to ensure safe access to and egress from:

— the operator's position with the machine whilst in service on site;

NOTE 1 “In service” includes:

— in any operational position;

— on stabilising devices;

— elevated cab or other operator's position.

— the operator's position and the tie-down points during loading and off-loading the machine from transportation vehicles when moving the machine between sites;

— the positions for assembly/dismantling of elements assembled on the site;

— areas where maintenance and inspections have to be performed, and which are not accessible from ground level, in accordance with the maintenance schedule as detailed in the maintenance and service manual;

— ropes to be replaced safely, at both the winch and the leader or boom, or a mechanical system shall be provided that eliminates the need to access the leader or boom.

Entrance gates to platforms shall meet the requirements of ISO 14122‑4:2010, 4.7.3.2.

Access through platforms by means of trap doors shall meet the requirements of ISO 14122‑4:2010, 4.7.3.3.

Where it is not possible to lower the leader on a rig for maintenance purposes and access to maintenance points is by ladder, harness anchor points shall be provided at maintenance positions along the leader. The instruction manual shall contain information on the testing and inspection of the anchor points in accordance with EN 795:2012.

NOTE 2 For leaders higher than 20 m working platforms for lifting personnel are preferred.

Enclosures, other than cabs, where persons are required to enter shall be designed to allow a clear opening with a minimum cross sectional dimension of 600 mm.

Platforms shall comply with ISO 2867:2011.

The platform shall be designed and located so that the personnel on the platform will not be hit by any part of the machine during operation of the machine as intended by the manufacturer.

The platform shall be guided by a guide frame secured to the leader.

The hoist and lowering speed of the platform shall not exceed 0,75 m/s. Entrance doors shall be self-closing and be fitted with a self-closing locking device, see 4.12.

The manufacturer shall specify the maximum permitted weight of materials and the maximum number of personnel to be carried. A weight of 100 kg per person and a minimum overall weight of 500 kg shall apply. To determine the design load for the platform the maximum permitted load shall be multiplied by 1,25.

Working platforms shall be moved by systems of either steel wire rope, chain, tooth rack and pinion, or hydraulic cylinder(s).

A protective device shall be provided which shall operate when the nominal speed of the platform is exceeded by more than 40 %. This protective device shall arrest or limit the speed to maximum 1,4 times the nominal speed.

The protective device may consist of a stopping or gripping device which acts on the guide rails, or a safety rope, chain or webbings, fixed between the highest and lowest position of the platform.

Where a rope, chain or webbings is used for suspension of the platform, two independent ropes or chains each with its own anchorage or comparable redundant solution shall be used and the safety factor of each suspension rope shall be at least 10 and chains shall be at least 8.

The second rope, chain or webbings may be a fixed safety rope, chain or webbings with a stopping or gripping device acting on this rope, chain or webbings.

For systems suspended by steel wire ropes, the following shall apply in addition:

— an anti-slack line protection device shall be provided on each rope;

— the hoisting steel wire rope shall have a diameter of at least 8 mm. The rope, rope end terminations and anchoring points shall have a safety factor of at least 10;

— the diameter of the sheaves and the winch drum shall be at least 26 times the diameter of the steel wire rope;

— the winch shall meet the requirements of 4.8.2 and 4.8.3. Free fall winches shall not be used.

In case of cylinder suspension the load carrying side of the cylinder(s) shall be fitted with a directly mounted load-sustaining device.

Platforms shall be equipped with a limiting device for the highest and lowest position.

Platforms shall be designed and constructed so that personnel on the platform have means of controlling the movement of the platform and the following requirements shall be fulfilled:

— in operation, control devices shall override any other devices controlling the same movement with the exception of emergency stop devices;

— control devices for movement shall be hold-to-run;

— the operator in the cab shall have a full overview of the travel zone;

— a recovery system in case of emergency controlled by the operator in the cab shall be added.

Platforms shall be provided with a recovery system to bring the platform safely to ground level in case of an emergency.

Platforms shall be provided with a sufficient number of anchor points for the number of permissible persons on the platform. Removable anchor points shall meet the requirements of EN 795:2012.

The movable platform shall be designed and located so that it will not be hit during operation of the machine as intended by the manufacturer.

Persons may enter and stay on the platform only when it is stationary.

The manufacturer shall specify the maximum permitted weight of materials and the maximum number of personnel allowed on the platform. A weight of 100 kg per person and a minimum overall weight of 500 kg shall apply. To determine the design load for the platform the maximum permitted load shall be multiplied by 1,25. The manufacturer shall give consideration to the dynamic effects.

The platform shall be moved by the moving system of the parts of the drilling and foundation equipment. This system consists of steel wire rope, chain, tooth rack and pinion, or hydraulic cylinder(s).

Platforms shall be designed and constructed in such a way that personnel on the platform have means of audible or visible communication with the operator.

Entrance doors shall be fitted with an automatically closing and locking device, see 4.12.

Platforms shall be provided with a sufficient number of anchor points for the number of permissible persons on the platform. Removable anchor points shall meet the requirements of EN 795:2012.

The tramming, travelling and operating position(s) shall be designed and constructed so that all manoeuvres necessary for moving and operation of the drilling and foundation equipment can be performed by the operator without risk to himself or to other persons in the vicinity of the rig.

For the tramming and travelling of drilling and foundation equipment, where there is a risk of tipping-over, at least one of the measures a), b) or c) shall be taken:

a) providing an alternative operator's position outside the tipping zone (e.g. by a remote control);

b) providing tip-over protective structure (TOPS):

— for machinery between 1 t and 6 t: TOPS shall comply with EN 13531:2001+A1:2008;

— for machinery over 6 t and up to 50 t, installing a roll-over protective structure (ROPS)in accordance with EN 474‐5:2022, 4.2.2.3;

For evaluation of the performance of the ROPS installed on machines having a mass less than or equal to 50 t, ISO 12117‐2 shall be used in respect of lateral loading only and with the following lateral load energy:

— Lateral load energy Us (J) = 6 500 × (M/10 000) ^1,25

— ROPS shall be labelled in accordance with ISO 12117‐2:2008, Clause 9, except that the standard referred to shall be ISO 20770‐1:____ (this document);

NOTE There is no standard existing for testing TOPS for fixed cabins on machines over 6 t.

c) providing a geometric protection zone.

For the tramming and travelling of drilling and foundation equipment, where there is a risk of roll-over, one of the following measures shall be taken:

— installing a roll-over protective structure (ROPS) in accordance with ISO 12117‑2:2008 or ISO 3471:2008;

— providing an alternative driver's position (e.g. by a remote control);

— providing the geometric protection zone.

When a ROPS or TOPS or geometric protection zone is provided, a restraint system, e.g. seat belt complying with ISO 6683:2005, shall be provided to keep the operator in the seat or in the protective structure.

A visual and audible signal shall be provided at the driving position alerting the driver when the driver is in the driving position and not using the restraint system in travelling and tramming modes.

When there is a risk for the operator of being crushed, the machine movement controlled from the seated position shall be allowed only when the restraint system is locked or in the working position.

Drilling and foundation equipment with a cab shall be fitted with falling object protective structure (FOPS) level I of ISO 3449:2008.

All drilling and foundation equipment specified for use in applications where there is a risk of rock fall, shall be fitted with FOPS level II according to ISO 3449:2008.

Specific requirements for ROPS, TOPS and FOPS are given in parts 2 to 6 of this standard (ISO 20770).

NOTE 1 The scope of ISO 3449:2008 excludes drilling and foundation equipment. However for drilling and foundation equipment the requirements of ISO 3449:2008 are equally applicable as for earth-moving equipment.

The geometric protection zone shall be verified by drawing, which shows that the cabin is distant from even ground in the cases of rolling-over or tilting-over. The distance between ground and cabin shall be verified by a straight line, which connects the relevant tipping line with the firm outmost part of the equipment in the cases of tilting-over or rolling-over as shown in Figure 5.

Key

Figure 5 — Geometric protection zone

Where there is a risk of horizontally ejected objects, an appropriate protection shall be provided, e.g. in the case of auger and pile driving.

ISO 10262:1998 may be used as a guideline.

Required space, leg space etc. shall be in accordance with ISO 3411:2007 and ISO 6682:2008.

NOTE 2 For requirements regarding the driver's position on truck and tractor mounted drilling and foundation equipment, see appropriate standards.

Drilling and foundation equipment shall be provided with a cab to protect the operator against noise, dust and adverse weather conditions.

The cab shall be fitted with the following:

— ventilation system with adequate dust filtration where necessary and where climate conditions require, heating and/or cooling, as defined in EN 474-1:2022, 4.3.2.1;

NOTE 3 For this requirement no verification is given.

— protection against noise, see 4.27.2;

— isolation against vibration of the floor, see 4.27.3;

— a means of rapid escape from the cab;

— an emergency exit on a different side of the cab from that where the normal exit is situated, e.g. in the form of knock-out windows or knock-out panels and/or provision of tools for breaking the window unless normal exit/entrance is for both sides of the machine;

— a seat, unless the operator is intended to work in a standing position. The seat shall provide the operator with a comfortable and stable working position and shall be easily adaptable to operators of different weight and height. The seat shall be designed to reduce vibrations transmitted to the operator to the lowest level that can be reasonably achieved, see 4.27.3;

— window cleaning devices for each window essential for overlooking the operations.

Windows and transparent panels shall be made of safety glass or other material which provides similar safety performance (see e.g. ECE R43).

The material of the interior of the cab shall be in accordance with the requirements of 4.26.1.

There are types of drilling and foundation equipment or operating conditions where it is not appropriate or possible to provide a cab. Examples may be:

— small size of the machine, e.g. for restricted access applications;

— the size or layout of the machine prevents a cab being mounted on the machine in a position from which the operator can view the operations;

— the controls for driving, tramming and travelling may be located in a different position than the drilling controls;

— the presence of a cab impairs the functionality of the machine, e.g. machine for use on rock slopes;

— for remote controlled machines.

Within the cab the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the operator's position(s) (measured value plus uncertainty) should not exceed 80 dB(A) and shall not exceed 85 dB(A) when tested in accordance with Annex A.

Where a ride-on operator’s position is provided at the rear of the machine for the purposes of tramming the machine, it shall be provided with guard-rails and safe access to prevent the operator from falling from the machine.

For seated operators, an OPC (operator's presence control) shall be fitted on a seat or armrest.

As long as the OPC is not activated by the presence of the operator (e.g. operator seated or armrest lever in horizontal position), the functions of the machine causing hazard cannot be activated.

If the OPC is de-activated, the functions of the machine causing hazard shall stop.

Visibility from the driver's and/or operator's position shall be such that when driving, tramming or operating the driver or operator can operate the drilling and foundation equipment without causing hazard to himself or to other persons. Where necessary, optical aids or other means shall be provided.

If the machine is equipped with an object detection system or visibility aid, ISO 16001 shall apply.

During slewing, if it is part of the working process like in Kelly drilling and grab excavation, the area around the machine shall be visible to the operator. If the size and shape of the machine and the position of the cab do not allow safe visibility, it shall be assured either by close circuit monitoring system, or mirrors, or other optical aids.

Drilling and foundation equipment shall be designed in accordance with ISO 5006:2017, 10.4 and 12, so that the operator has sufficient visibility from the operator’s station and driver's position to see the travel and work areas of the machine which are necessary for the intended use of the machine.

NOTE The scope of ISO 5006 does not cover drilling and foundation equipment. However for drilling and foundation equipment the requirements of ISO 5006 are equally applicable as for earth-moving equipment.

Requirements for control systems are described in Clauses 9, 10 and 11 of EN 60204-1:2006, ISO 4413:2010 and ISO 4414:2010.

The design of the safety-related parts of control system shall meet the requirements of ISO 13849‑1:2015.

NOTE 1 The combined safety-related parts of a control system start at the point where the safety-related input signals are initiated (including, for example, the actuating cam and the roller of the position switch) and end at the output of the power control elements (including, e.g. the main contacts of a contactor).

NOTE 2 The control system is defined in ISO 12100:2010, Annex A to end at the output of the power control elements. By this definition, e.g. load holding valves are considered to belong to the operating part of the system and not to the safety related part of the control system.

The performance level (PL) for safety functions shall meet the required performance level (PLr) as detailed in Table 2 below. For purely mechanical solutions that fulfil the required functions of Table 2, no specific performance level is required; for example a locking pin.

Table 2 gives a list of safety functions and their corresponding required performance levels.

Table 2 — Safety functions and corresponding required performance level

Starting of the drilling and foundation equipment’s main power source shall only be possible by an intentional actuation of the starting control device. This shall also apply after a stop from whatever cause.

Unauthorized starting shall be prevented by the provision of suitable safeguards, e.g. lockable cab, lockable starting switch or lockable electric isolator switch.

If the drilling and foundation equipment has several starting controls they shall be interlocked so that starting can only be carried out from one of the starting controls.

On pneumatically powered drilling and foundation equipment, a main line valve shall be provided on the machine, which either connects the machine to the air supply or in the closed position shuts off the air supply and releases the air pressure in the machine system.

General

Once the machinery or its hazardous functions have stopped, the energy supply to the actuators concerned shall be cut off, to prevent the risk of unintended starting following a stop command that might be caused by a fault or failure in the control system.

For stopping of category 0 or 1 according to EN 60204-1:2018, 9.2.2, this requirement can either be achieved by immediate removal of power to the machine actuators, or with power available to the machine actuators to achieve the stop and then removal of power once the stop has been achieved.

Normal stopping

The drilling and foundation equipment shall be fitted with a stopping device by which the operating function is brought to a complete stop. The stop control shall take precedence over start controls.

Emergency stop

In order that an actual or impending hazard is averted quickly, emergency stops shall be provided. They shall stop all relevant movements or functions as quickly as possible to prevent a hazardous situation developing without creating an additional hazard. The emergency stop devices shall be of Category 0 or 1 and comply with ISO 13850:2015.

There shall be an emergency stop at every operating or driving position.

For a truck or tractor mounted drilling and foundation equipment this requirement does not apply to the driver's position.

The emergency stop function shall be operational, regardless of the operating mode.

Control devices shall be marked without ambiguity in accordance with relevant standards and positioned for safe, quick and comfortable operation. For marking, preference shall be given to pictograms.

If the identification of the control device is made in writing, the information and warning shall be provided in one of the official languages of the country in which the machinery is placed on the market and/or first put into service.

Control devices other than which control continuous or automated operations, e.g. drilling and casing operations, shall be of hold-to-run type. This requirement does not apply to non-operational controls for example light switches, etc.

Control devices shall:

— when they are of primary importance, be within comfortable reach;

— when they are of secondary importance, be within normal reach.

NOTE Guidance on the selection, design and location of control actuators are given in EN 894‑3:2000+A1:2008.

For definition of comfort and reach, see ISO 6682:2008.

Where there is more than one operator's position for primary functions, the drilling and foundation equipment shall be provided with a mode selector to intentionally select the operating position which shall be used. This requirement does not apply to any stop command or emergency stops.

For starting, see 4.15.3.

Controls shall be designed, constructed and arranged so that:

— their function is clearly identifiable;

— the movement to activate the controls corresponds as far as possible to the intended effect.

The actuating forces, displacement, location and method of operation forces required to operate the controls shall comply with ISO 10968:2020.

Foot controls shall have a slip-resistant surface and be easy to clean, other controls shall have a grip capacity to avoid incorrect operation.

Controls that can accidentally initiate hazardous movements shall be so arranged, deactivated or guarded that they cannot be activated inadvertently in particular when the operator enters or exits the operator's position.

Controls for extending the crawlers on a carrier machine shall be designed and located to eliminate the risk of injury to the person operating the controls. This may be achieved by use of a remote control unit, the requirements of which are detailed in 4.17.

Controls for extending the crawlers (tracks) shall not require the presence of a person underneath the machine.

Remote operator control shall be designed according to ISO 15817:2012.

Starting and stopping of operational movements of the drilling and foundation equipment shall only be possible from local controls on the drilling and foundation equipment or from a control position with a sufficient visibility over the operating area, e.g. by means of a closed circuit monitoring system (CCTV).

Drilling and foundation equipment shall be provided with at least:

— a storage place for the remote control panel to avoid unintentional operation of the controls;

— an accessory or supporting device (e.g. support arm attached to machine, external tripod) to hold the remote control panel, that remains for use at the discretion of the operator, if its mass is greater than 5 kg, from which the drilling and foundation equipment can be controlled.

Drilling and foundation equipment able to be remote controlled, manned or unmanned or able to operate in automatic mode shall be provided with a visual warning light. It shall be automatically actuated before starting and when the equipment is working in remote control or automatic mode. This requirement is not valid for remotely controlled drilling and foundation equipment with the control panel situated in the vicinity of the equipment and where there is a direct visual contact between the operator and the equipment.

Drilling and foundation equipment shall be fitted with an emergency stop located on the remote control panel in the control/monitoring position and additional emergency stops shall be fitted on the machine.

All emergency stops shall be easily accessible.

Cable-less remote control panel(s) shall be fitted with a stop device according to EN 60204-1:2018, 9.2.4.7.

The control circuits of drilling and foundation equipment shall be so designed that the operations stop automatically in case of an interruption or break down of the control link between the control box and the equipment, or when the initiated sequence has been completed.

A failure of the power supply or communication network connection shall not lead to a hazardous situation. The same safety requirements as stated in 4.5 shall be fulfilled.

Resetting, after a fault occurs in part of the system, shall not restart any automatic function. Restarting of the operation shall only be possible by an intentional action by the operator.

A control system of unmanned, automatically operated drilling and foundation equipment shall be designed with an integrated diagnostic system that shuts down the operation when a fault relevant to the ongoing automatic function or task or an abnormal operational behaviour is detected by the system.

The devices for retrieval, tie-down, lifting, and towing may be the same if allowed by the configuration of the machine.

Lifting and tie down points shall be in accordance with ISO 15818:2017 and shall be clearly identified on the machine.

Retrieving points and/or towing device(s) (hooks, ears etc.) shall be provided on the machine. They shall comply with ISO 10532:1995. Their location, permissible forces, the correct use when towing as well as the maximum towing speed and distance shall be clearly specified in the operator's manual.

If a pin is part of the towing device, the pin shall be permanently attached to the device. The securing device for the pin shall not be detachable.

Attachment points for retrieving of the machine shall be described in the operation manual as well as permissible forces and instructions for retrieval / towing (see 6.3.2.5).

To transport drilling and foundation equipment safely, tie-down points to anchor the machine, e.g. on a trailer, shall be provided and clearly identified on the machine (see ISO 6405-1:2017, symbol 9.50). Instructions for anchoring attachments, components and machines shall be described in the operation manual (see 6.3.2.5).

Lifting points shall be provided and designed for the operating mass in the heaviest configuration and shall be clearly identified on machines or subassemblies that are to be lifted in one piece.

Labels of the lifting points that are intended for the lifting of the whole machine shall be marked in a different way than those intended for the lifting of the subassemblies (e.g. different colours). Instructions for lifting attachments, components and machines shall be described in the operation manual (see 6.3.2.5).

NOTE The lifting accessories needed to lift heavy attachments, components and machines are not considered as part of the machine.

For lifting symbol, see ISO 6405-1:2017, symbol 9.47.

Stabilising devices or other moveable devices that can cause a hazard during transportation or travelling shall be secured lockable in their transport position.

Instructions for secure locking shall be provided in the operation manual.

On articulated carrier machines there shall be a mechanical locking device for locking the articulation joint during lifting and transport. The articulation frame lock shall comply with ISO 10570:2004.

Drilling tools shall be fitted with supports where the tools can be placed in the drill stem.

Drilling and foundation equipment supplied with external energy shall be fitted with means to isolate them from all energy sources. Such devices shall be clearly identified and it shall be possible to lock them if reconnection could endanger persons. The requirements in EN ISO 14118:2018 and EN 60204-1:2018 shall be complied with. After the energy is shut off, it shall be possible to dissipate any energy remaining or stored in the circuits of the drilling and foundation equipment without risk to exposed persons.

As an exception from the above requirements, certain circuits may remain connected to their energy sources, e.g. to hold parts in position, to protect information, to provide interior lighting. These circuits shall be clearly identified in the instruction book. They shall have permanent warning labels.

Where there is a risk of human contact with hot or cold surfaces, such surfaces shall be protected by guards or covers in accordance with of ISO 3457:2008, Clause 8 and ISO 13732‑1:2008. Surfaces and edges shall fulfil the requirements of ISO 12508:1994.

Drilling and foundation equipment shall be designed, constructed and equipped to ensure that the need for personnel to enter any danger zone during the working process is minimised. For example, automatic or mechanised means for lubrication, tools cleaning, waste removal, etc. supplied with the machine.

Design and construction shall minimize the physical hazard and psychological stress due to the working environment in which drilling and piling is undertaken, e.g. loads on the equipment during the working process, the need to operate the machine in restricted spaces and/or the moving parts involved in the drilling process, the various inclinations and configurations.

General

Where access to moving parts directly involved in the drilling and piling process is foreseeable during normal operation of the machinery, safeguards shall be selected from the following:

— guards (see 4.23.2.2.2) or;

— sensitive protective devices (see 4.23.2.2.3), e.g. electro-sensitive protective equipment or pressure sensitive devices or;

— a combination of the above.

NOTE 1 Positioning of leaders and booms and slewing of the turret etc. are not considered as moving parts directly involved in the drilling and piling process.

NOTE 2 It is anticipated that protective devices, adopted from other technologies, will emerge during the lifetime of the standard.

NOTE 3 Parts of the machine offering a physical barrier can be considered as a guard or part of a guard.

The machine shall be designed so that the operator at the control station is not able to reach the moving parts involved in the drilling process in any other situation than the restricted operating mode.

Information regarding residual hazards at the area between clamping devices of the machine and ground shall be given in the instructions for use (see 6.3.2.2.1).

Guards and protective devices

General

NOTE Guards and protective devices are intended to prevent the operator and assistant from inadvertently coming in contact with moving parts.

The technical principles for guards and protective devices are described in ISO 12100:2010.

Guards

Fixed guards shall comply with ISO 14120:2015.

Interlocking movable guards shall comply with ISO 14120:2015 and prevent access to the danger zone, during any hazardous movement. Initiation of the hazardous movement shall be prevented while the guard is open.

When an interlocking movable guard is opened, the rotation and feed functions together with any associated moving parts identified with residual risks shall stop. Restarting with an open interlocking movable guard shall only be possible in restricted operating mode (see 4.23.2.2.4).

Interlocking guards without guard locking shall be placed in such a position that the operator does not have time to reach the danger zone before any hazardous movement has ceased. The minimum safety distance S shall be determined according to ISO 13855:2010, Clause 9 in order to ensure that the hazard zone cannot be reached when opening an interlocking guard without guard locking before the hazardous machine motion has stopped.

For determination of safety distances through the guards, ISO 13857:2019, Table 4 shall be applied. When there is no risk of crushing or shearing but only risk of entanglement, the following provisions shall be applied:

— for round and square openings smaller or equal to 20 mm, minimum safety distance shall be 20 mm;

— for round and square openings smaller or equal to 40 mm, minimum safety distance shall be 120 mm.

The open ends of the drill string guard are not considered as openings.

After the interlocking movable guard has been closed, restart of normal operating mode shall only be possible after a deliberate reset action. This deliberate action shall be by means of a reset which shall be in a fixed position outside the rotating parts danger zone with a clear view of the complete danger zone and not reachable from the inside of the rotating parts danger zone.

The design of the guard shall comply with ISO 14120:2015, 5.9 and 5.22 to ensure visibility on the working area, e.g. by meshes, choice of material, choice of the colour.

Where guards are power operated, they shall not be capable of causing injury. They shall be:

— designed in accordance with the requirements of ISO 14120:2015, 5.2.5.4; or

— controlled with hold to run controls and the guards' movements shall be fully visible from control panel.

Sensitive protective devices

Sensitive protective devices shall be positioned in appropriate configurations for the range of applications and working conditions as specified by the manufacturer.

Sensitive protective devices shall detect foreseeable access to the rotating parts danger zone, during any hazardous movement. When the sensitive protective device is activated, the rotation and feed functions together with any moving parts identified with residual risks shall stop.

Following activation and for as long as the device remains triggered it shall only be possible to restart feed and/or rotation in restricted operating mode (ROM) as described in 4.23.2.2.4 by a separate, deliberate action.

After detection has ended, restart of normal operating mode shall only be possible after a deliberate reset action. This deliberate action may be by means of a reset which shall be in a fixed position outside the rotating parts danger zone with a clear view of the complete danger zone and outside the detection zone and not reachable from the inside of the rotating parts danger zone.

Where the detection zone is programmable, the program and setting of the detection zone shall only be accessible through a password or a key.

The calculation of minimum distances for electro-sensitive protective equipment employing active opto-electronic protective systems shall be in accordance with response time and approach speed as specified in ISO 13855:2010.

Electro-sensitive protective equipment shall comply with EN 61496‑1:2020.

Pressure sensitive protective device shall comply with ISO 13856-1:2013.

Restricted operating mode (ROM)

Where it is necessary to operate in the danger zone with opened moveable guards or triggered protective devices, the restricted operating mode shall be used.

The restricted operating mode shall be activated by a lockable mode selector switch.

The restricted operating mode shall be applicable in the danger zone, where persons can reach moving parts up to a height of 2,5 m from ground level or from the level a person is standing.

This mode shall be maintained by the switch or until the interlocking movable guard has been closed and reset or the sensitive protective device is no longer triggered and has been reset.

This mode may be used during rigging, maintenance or special protective mode operations.

Normal machine operation may be initiated after the normal operating mode is selected, the interlocking movable guard has been closed and reset or the sensitive protective device is no longer triggered and has been reset, and the start control is actuated. Mode selection by itself shall not initiate machine operation.

Restricted operating mode shall comprise:

— a rotational speed of not more than 30 rpm or “inching mode” that is no more than half a revolution per activation in the danger zone; and

— a feed speed of not more than 15 m/min, or “inching mode” that is no more than10 cm feed stroke per activation, in the danger zone; and

— “hold-to-run” control for rotation function; and

— “hold-to-run” control for feed function; and

— an indicator informing the operator and crew that the restricted operating mode is on.

When hold to run controls for rotation are released the rotating parts shall stop in less than half a revolution. The stopping performance shall be checked in accordance with the test code specified in Annex E.

During restricted operating mode, supplementary trip devices (4.23.2.2.6) shall be active to minimize hazards.

Special protective mode for specific circumstances

Where circumstances are foreseen by the manufacturer that specific applications/positions/orientations where the use of safeguards (guards and protective devices) is not possible (e.g. confined spaces, limited working areas, work close to obstacles or structures), a special protective mode shall be installed to operate without guards (see 4.23.2.2.2) and sensitive protective devices (see 4.23.2.2.3) disabled.

Safeguards shall be designed to remain as far as possible fixed on to the machine e.g. adjustable, foldable, retractable, slideable.

This Special Protective Mode shall be activated by a lockable mode selector switch.

In the Special Protective Mode:

— rotation and feed controls shall be hold-to-run; and

— rotation and feed can operate at normal speed; and

— a warning signal (visual and/or audible) shall be activated when the special protective mode is selected; and

— supplementary trip devices shall be fitted (see 4.23.2.2.6).

For machines designed for manual addition/removal of rods, a device (e.g. pressure sensor on clamping devices) shall be active on these machines. When activated (e.g. contact with the rod), this device shall stop or prevent the rotation and feed functions together with moving parts which create hazard(s) (e.g. rods, adapters) in the danger zone. Restarting shall only be possible in restricted operating mode (see 4.23.2.2.4).

When hold to run controls for rotation are released the rotating parts shall stop as quickly as possible. The stopping performance shall be checked in accordance with the test code specified in Annex E.

In Special Protective Mode, it shall not be permitted that the operator at the control station or using a remote control has the possibility to reach the moving parts involved in the drilling process. This requirement is acheivable, for example:

— if the control panel is fixed or movable with mechanical connection to the drilling machine: by keeping it at a distance according to ISO 13857, by maintaining part of the protection (e.g. fixed guard or part of the machine) located between the control panel and the drill string. The machine design shall be such that the operator is able to maintain good visibility of the danger zone to control any access to it;

— if the control panel is a remote control, by positioning it at mechanical connecting port(s) onto the drilling machine which do(es) not allow to reach the drill string and which offers good visibility of the danger zone.

NOTE 1 Several locations can be provided so that the position of the control station adapts to the different configurations linked to the working environment.

NOTE 2 It is anticipated that protective devices, adopted from other technologies, will emerge during the lifetime of the standard such as integrated detection system (e.g. infrared, electromagnetic badge, etc.) to guarantee a minimum safety distance according to ISO 13855 for the operator from the danger zone and a maximum distance from the machine to guarantee effective control access to the danger zone by the operator.

Where circumstances are foreseen, that require remote control operation to remain out from the danger zone and/or give sufficient visibility of the working process, a special remote mode shall be available to operate the machine with a remote control, only when the Special Protective Mode is selected.

This special remote mode shall be activated by a lockable mode selector switch.

In this special remote mode, the remote control shall be capable to control the machine from any position giving direct visibility on the working area as specified in 4.14.2.

Supplementary trip device

Supplementary trip devices (e.g. trip wire) shall be fitted in addition to the guard or to the protective devices as specified in 4.23.2.2.2 and 4.23.2.2.3. They shall comply with ISO 13856‑2:2013 and ISO 13856‑3:2013 for the pressure sensitive protective equipment PSPE or with EN 61496‑1:2020 for the electro sensitive protective equipment ESPE, as relevant, together with the following requirements:

— be activated by contact with or by detection of any part of a person;

— be activated by a force in accordance with ISO 13856 for pressure sensitive devices and from any foreseeable actuation direction;

— be activated by an actuating travel of less than 50 mm;

— an activation shall stop the moving parts identified with the residual risks as follows:

— special protective mode; rotating parts, feed movements and remaining moving parts shall stop as quickly as possible without creating additional hazards;

— restricted operating mode; rotating parts shall stop in less than half a revolution; feed movements and remaining moving parts shall stop as quickly as possible without creating additional hazards;

— for the PSPE be positioned and of sufficient number to cover any residual risks;

— be of design and construction together with its associated signal parts, connecting wiring etc. so as to prevent unauthorized or deliberate overriding of its function;

— be clearly visible and of a colour that contrasts with the standard machine, with red being the normal colour;

— be capable of being tested prior to each period of machine operation by the operator.

The stopping performances shall be verified according to the test code defined in Annex E.

Transmission parts such as drive shafts, couplings, belt drives, which are within reach of personnel, shall be installed with guards to prevent contact. Guards shall comply with ISO 14120:2015, and shall be of robust construction and securely held in place. Fixed guards shall be installed when access is rarely necessary.

NOTE ISO 12100:2010 sets out the general principles for the guarding of moving parts.

The mechanical ventilation and the cooling ports shall be provided with grills or similar devices to prevent fingers and limbs from reaching the moving components, in accordance with ISO 13857:2008.

When frequent access is required for service or maintenance purposes, movable interlocking guards shall be fitted. They shall fulfil the following requirements:

— whenever possible they shall remain fixed to the machine when open;

— they shall be fitted with a system supporting them in the open position;

The support may be locking, latching or spring-loaded.

A powered drill rod break out system shall be installed on drilling and foundation equipment using threaded drill rods.

NOTE The following designs are regarded as being valid parts of a powered drill rod break out system:

— on drilling and foundation equipment with top hammers, the percussive mechanism is regarded as being a part of the powered drill rod break out system;

— on rotary top drive drilling and foundation equipment, the controlled reverse rotation of the head drive, together with the use of a chuck device or equivalent lockable rotating connection is regarded as being a powered drill rod break out system;

— on rotary spindle drilling and foundation equipment, the controlled reverse rotation of the chuck or an equivalent lockable rotating connection and the rotation of the spindle is regarded as being a part of a powered drill rod break out system;

— bottom mounted break out clamping device.

All mechanical or hydraulic rod clamping devices and rod breaking clamping devices shall be designed and equipped to protect against the hazards during operation and maintenance of:

— entrapment;

— shearing;

— crushing.

NOTE One example may be hold to run controls with full visibility of clamping devices etc. from control panel

If the mass of a tool and the working process causes any person to handle more than 25 kg, the drilling and foundation equipment shall be provided with a mechanized tool handling system, e.g. carousel, magazine, robot arm etc.

If the application of drilling and foundation equipment does not allow the use of a mechanized rod or pipe handling system:

— the drilling and foundation equipment shall be fitted with a lifting device allowing safe transfer of the rods and/or pipes to the drill axis and vice versa. A pivoting rotary head with a chuck or a travelling block either with an elevator, lifting cap, pulling out flange, lifting sling or similar is considered as being sufficient;

or

— the manufacturer shall specify how handling of rods or pipes shall be done, e.g. with external equipment or second person.

All mechanized rod or pipe handing systems that incorporate storage of rods or pipes shall be designed and equipped to prevent the unintentional release or movement of the rods or pipes at any time, including maintenance tasks.

All tool handling systems shall be designed and equipped to protect against the hazards during operation and maintenance of:

— entrapment;

— shearing;

— crushing.

NOTE One example might be hold to run controls with full visibility of the system from control panel.

Drilling and foundation equipment shall be designed, constructed and equipped to prevent objects that could cause injury from falling or being ejected towards persons.

NOTE Falling or ejected objects include:

— air flush cuttings, excavated material, dust;

— machine parts/components or fragments of machine parts/components;

— tools or fragments of tools.

Drilling and foundation equipment using either compressed air or air mist as a flushing agent shall be fitted with a system to prevent injury to persons from ejected material or dust, e.g. dust collectors, diverters/deflectors etc. See also 4.28.2.

All drilling and foundation equipment that is capable of using a continuous flight auger greater than 350 mm outside diameter and with flights wider than 100 mm which can carry material to a height of 10 m or more above ground level shall be provided with an auger cleaning device or connections for an auger cleaning device or other measures to prevent spoil causing injury to personnel at ground level.

This auger cleaning device or other measures shall:

— be positioned or guarded to prevent injury to persons;

— discharge spoil without risks to persons, e.g. fitting a shroud or chute to direct material safely to ground level.

If drilling and foundation equipment is specified to work in darkness and non-lit conditions, lighting shall be fitted giving an illumination of at least 100 lux of the area around the point of operation apart from natural shadows from the equipment.

All internal parts requiring frequent inspection and adjustment and maintenance areas, shall have appropriate lighting.

White light shall be used.

For drilling and foundation equipment tramming, travelling or slewing in darkness, lighting shall be provided giving an illumination of at least 10 lux at a distance of 7 m from the drilling and foundation equipment in the direction of movement.

For machines fitted with a cab, lighting shall be provided.

Lighting shall be provided to facilitate access to the machine.

Materials used in the construction of drilling and foundation equipment shall be fire resistant as far as possible. Cab interior upholstery shall be made of flame retardant material which has a linear velocity of flame propagation of maximum 250 mm/min when tested in accordance with ISO 3795:1989.

There shall be a physical barrier between hydraulic hoses and hot surfaces or a sufficiently large air gap to prevent damage to the hoses from heat. Any barrier shall not restrict the circulation of engine cooling air.

A fixed fire suppression system does not replace the requirements for fire extinguishers as described in 4.26.2.

Drilling and foundation equipment with an operating mass of more than 1 500 kg shall have space for installation of fire extinguisher(s) easily accessible to the operator, or a built-in extinguishing system to permit the operator a safe exit of the machine.

The places for fire extinguishers shall be located in the immediate vicinity of the operator or, in case of remotely controlled drilling and foundation equipment, in another clearly visible and easily accessible place.

If there are more than one fire extinguisher on the drilling and foundation equipment, they shall be placed on different sides of the rig.

Fire extinguishers shall not be placed near areas with a high fire risk, e.g. power units, fuel tanks. The fire extinguishers shall be positioned between the operator and such an area.

All fuel and hydraulic circuits within the engine compartment shall comply with the following:

— where possible hydraulic components shall not be located where main ventilating air will cause leaking oil to be spread over the engine compartment;

— when using hydraulic driven fans then the fan hydraulics shall be suitably guarded to ensure that oil does not come in contact with ignition sources;

— all fuel tanks be fitted with non-leaking caps which are effective irrespective of the orientation of the equipment;

— all pipes/hoses shall be routed in a manner which will give them maximum mechanical protection against wear and mechanical and thermal damage;

— all fuel lines shall be metal or metal braided or equally wear resistant.

The significant emission of noise and vibration occurs during operation of drilling, pile driving or excavation (diaphragm walls). Travelling and tramming are negligible contributors. The noise and vibration levels during operation are heavily influenced by the operation process.

Noise reduction at the design stage

Drilling and foundation equipment shall be so designed and constructed that risks resulting from the emission of airborne noise are reduced to the lowest level taking account of technical progress and the availability of means of reducing noise, in particular at source.

When designing drilling and foundation equipment, the available information and technical measures to control noise at source shall be taken into account, e.g. ISO 11688‑1:2009.

NOTE 1 ISO 11688‑2:2000 gives useful information on noise generation mechanisms in machinery.

The following measures, where practicable, are suitable examples:

— use of low-noise components, like engines, fans, pumps and gears;

— a cab as specified in 4.14;

— enclosure of the engine(s);

— exhaust mufflers;

— vibration isolation mounting.

NOTE 2 Guidelines for the design of cabs and enclosures can be found in ISO 15667:2000.

Other measures with the same or better efficiency can be used.

Measurement of noise emission

The measurement of the sound power from the drilling and foundation equipment and the emission sound pressure level at the operator's position shall be carried out in accordance with Annex A and the results shall be stated in the operator’s manual according to 6.3.2.2.4.

Drilling and foundation equipment shall be so designed and constructed that the risk to the operator resulting from vibration is reduced to the lowest level taking account of technical progress and the availability of means of reducing vibration, in particular at source. Vibrations affecting the operator, sitting or standing at the operator's position shall be measured at operating conditions as defined in Annex B and shall be stated in the operator’s manual according to 6.3.2.2.5.

NOTE Reduction of risk of vibrations: CEN/TR 15172-1:2005 gives general technical information on widely recognized principles for the design of mobile machinery. A reference to CEN/TR 15172-1:2005 will usually be appropriate.

For a seated operator's position, the seat used shall meet the requirements of ISO 7096:2020, input spectral class EM 6 for crawler machines and EM 3 for wheeled machines with regard to its ability to reduce the vibration transmitted to the operator.

Exhaust gases from internal combustion engines of drilling and foundation equipment shall be directed away from the operating position(s).

Exhaust gases from internal combustion engines of drilling and foundation equipment intended for use in underground workings shall not be discharged upwards or downwards.

Drilling and foundation equipment, which during the work process produces dust, shall be equipped with a device that provides the handling of dust, securing a significant reduction of dust emissions. The device shall be able to handle all working conditions and applications as specified by the manufacturer. The position from the source shall be selected for an optimum efficiency of the dust reduction device.

NOTE 1: Considering the variability of the ground conditions, a verification method of efficiency is left to the manufacturer's design.

NOTE 2: Polluted materials are disregarded and are subjected to specific actions on the jobsite.

Acceptable methods for dust control are:

— use of water as flushing medium;

— adding an additive to the flushing air such as water or foam;

— use of any dust suppression/extraction method, e.g. cyclone, fraction device.

The dust control device shall be designed so that it is in operation when drilling is started. It may be possible to stop the dust control device when drilling when there is no harmful dust emission, e.g. when drilling in water.

Locations at which planned maintenance is required shall be readily accessible, preferably from ground level.

It shall be possible to carry out adjustment, maintenance, lubrication, repair, cleaning and service operations while the drilling and foundation equipment is shut down and the prime mover stopped.

If for technical reasons one or more of the above work items cannot be carried out under a shut down condition, precautions shall be taken so that the work can be carried out safely, see 6.3.3.

Winches and ropes are subject to frequent inspection because of the wear pattern. The manufacturer shall make due provision for safe access for the replacement of ropes.

For routine maintenance the manufacturer shall provide means to handle and instructions how to handle components over 25 kg in weight or which are otherwise awkward to handle.

Any component, for example filters, engines, hydraulic tanks, etc. (excluding hoses), containing fluid which can cause risk of pollution, personal contamination or slip hazard, shall be designed and located so that during service and maintenance the fluid can be directed under control into a suitable receiving container.

There shall be a manually operated, audible alert signal to warn personnel in the working area of impending hazard. It shall be possible to operate the audible warning from each driving or operating position including (if applicable) a remotely situated monitoring position. The audible alert signal shall meet the requirements in ISO 9533:2010 (Sound pressure Level, 1/3 Octave or listening test). During the test the machine shall be operated at full engine speed. Alternative compliance could be confirmed by calculation.

Drilling and foundation equipment shall be provided with an automatic audible and/ or visual alert signal to warn personnel in the working area during slewing/tramming/travelling.

If an audible travel alarm is used it shall conform to ISO 9533:2010.

4.31.1 If radiating equipment is used on a machine, such as laser or measuring equipment, based on radio-active emissions, the relevant safety standards, e.g. EN 12254:2010, EN 60825-4:2006 and the instructions of the manufacturer of the appropriate component shall be complied with.

4.31.2 Where laser equipment is used, the following should be taken into account:

— Laser equipment on machinery shall be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent any accidental radiation;

— Laser equipment on machinery shall be protected in such a way that effective radiation, radiation produced by reflection or diffusion and secondary radiation do not damage health;

— Optical equipment for the observation or adjustment of laser equipment on machinery shall be such that no health risk is created by laser radiation.

To avoid hazards due to approach and contact with live overhead power lines, the cabin, when provided, and the working platform and manual controls shall be isolated from electric current so that the operator is protected as long as at the operator's position.

A safety label shall be provided in the cabin or at the operator's position to instruct the operator in case of contact with live overhead power lines (e.g. "Stay in the cab").

The instruction handbook shall state the limit of voltage where these measures are efficient and complementary measures to implement on site (e.g. distance guards).

Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures of Clauses 4 and 6 of this document shall be verified according to Table 3 below. It includes the following types of verification:

a) design check: the result of which being to establish that the design documents comply with the requirements of this document;

b) calculation: the results of which being to establish that the requirements of this document have been met;

c) visual verification: the result of which only being to establish that something is present (e.g. a guard, a marking, a document);

d) measurement: the result of which shows that the required numerical values have been met (e.g. geometric dimensions, safety distances, resistance of insulation of the electric circuits, noise, vibrations);

e) functional tests: the result of which shows that the adequate signals intended to be forwarded to the main control system of the complete machine are available and comply with the requirements and with the technical documentation;

f) special verification: the procedure being given or in the referred clause.

Table 3 — Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures<Tbl_--></Tbl_-->

Each drilling and foundation equipment shall be tested before being put into service to ensure that it is able to fulfil its specified functions safely. The test results shall be recorded.

The tests shall include

— functional tests according to 5.2.2.1; and

— load tests according to 5.2.2.2 and 5.2.2.3.

At the conclusion of testing, all limiters that may have been either disengaged or adjusted to facilitate such testing shall be reactivated and returned to their prescribed operational settings.

If suitable methods ensure (e.g. quality management system) that the manufactured machines comply with the tested prototype, it is not necessary to test each machine individually, with the exception of the functional tests that shall be performed on each machine.

Functional test

All motions of the drilling and foundation equipment shall be operated throughout their range of movements, without load, up to their maximum operating speeds. Motion limiters and buffer positions shall initially be approached and contact made at slow speed prior to contact being made at maximum operational speed.

All functions of drilling and foundation equipment shall be tested in accordance to the safety requirements of Clause 4.

Static test

Drilling and foundation equipment fitted with hoisting/pulling abilities, e.g. winches, hydraulic cylinder, rack and pinion, chain feed, etc. shall be tested with a test load of:

— all loads guided by a leader or guided to a boom 100 % of the rated capacity;

— all free suspended loads 125 % of the rated capacity; or the winch load multiplied by the factor that has been used in design calculations whichever is the greater.

Equipment tests will be performed using load combinations which are allowed for the use, selecting the most unfavourable ones.

Where drilling and foundation equipment is equipped with more than one hoisting/pulling mechanism that can be used separately, it shall be tested individually.

Drilling and foundation equipment that is equipped only with direct acting limiters, shall be tested in accordance with the above load values, or the direct acting limiter setting, whichever is the greater.

The test shall be carried out in the critical positions, so as to qualify overload and stability requirements.

The test load shall be positioned 100 mm to 200 mm above the ground and be applied for a minimum period of 5 min at each critical position.

Tests are considered successful, if no fractures, permanent deformations or damages affecting the function or safety of the drilling and foundation equipment are visible and if no connections have loosened or show signs of damage.

Minor permanent deformations such as settling are acceptable providing they do not affect the functioning of the drilling and foundation equipment.

Dynamic test

Dynamic tests shall be performed with a test load that is at least 100 % of the rated capacity.

The tests shall include repeated starting and stopping of each motion, including all combined movements as provided by the intended use over the whole sequence of the movements. During these tests the drilling and foundation equipment shall be continuously monitored to check for

— smooth operation of the drilling and foundation equipment,

— effective operation of the braking systems,

and unless previously checked, the effectiveness and accuracy of limiting and indicating devices.

The dynamic tests are considered successful if the components in question have fulfilled their function, the subsequent examination does not reveal any damage to the drive or supporting structure and if no connection has loosened or been damaged.

Fitness for purpose

Before being put into service, each working platform for lifting personnel that is moved by systems of either steel wire rope, chain, tooth rack and pinion or hydraulic cylinders shall be tested according to the requirements in 4.13.2 with a load of 125 % of the rated load.

The data plates for completed or partly completed drilling and foundation equipment, interchangeable equipment, safety components which are independently placed on the market, chains, ropes and webbings as well as removable mechanical transmission devices shall give at least the following information:

a) business name and full address of the manufacturer and, where applicable, his authorized representative;

b) designation of the machinery;

c) type designation;

d) serial number and year of construction, that is the year in which the manufacturing process is completed;

e) installed power, in kilowatts;

f) rated voltage and frequency of the electrical installation;

g) mass of the most usual configuration, in kilogramsor for more than 1 000 kg, in tonnes (see also specific parts of this standard);

h) mandatory marking^[6].

A working platform for lifting personnel or a movable platform shall have a data plate with the following information:

— the maximum number of persons permitted on the platform;

— the maximum working load.

The information needed to control drilling and foundation equipment shall be presented in an unambiguous manner and so that it is easily understood. Pictograms are preferred.

The symbols shall comply with ISO 7000:2019, ISO 6405‑1:2017, ISO 6405‑2:2017 and ISO 7010:2011. When new symbols and safety signs are required, they shall follow the drafting principles given in ISO 7000 and ISO 7010.

Where hazards remain despite all measures adopted or in the case of potential hazards that are not evident, warnings shall be provided on the machine and mentioned in the operator's manual.

Such warnings shall preferably use readily understandable pictograms, see 6.2.1, and/or be drawn up in the languages as required in ISO 12100:2010, 6.4.4.

The drilling and foundation equipment shall be equipped with warning signs forbidding entry of unauthorized personnel into the danger zone of the machine.

A remotely controlled and/or unmanned, automatically operated drilling and foundation equipment shall be equipped with signs warning that the drilling and foundation equipment is remotely and/or automatically operated.

Warning devices such as signals (see 4.4, 4.17.2, 4.23.2.2.5, 4.23.2.2.6, 4.30), etc. shall be unambiguous and easily perceived. The operator shall have the facility to check the operation of all essential warning devices at all times.

The instruction books shall be drawn up according to ISO 12100:2010, 6.4.5.

The following documentation (separate or combined) shall be supplied with every drilling and foundation machine and interchangeable auxiliary equipment:

— operator's manual, which shall be available on the machine in a place specially intended for it. For interchangeable auxiliary equipment the operator´s manual should be located on the carrier machine;

— maintenance instructions;

— instructions for inspections;

— spare parts list;

— transport and assembly instructions, where applicable;

— where appropriate, a test report detailing the static and dynamic tests carried out by or for the manufacturer or his authorized representative.

This Document specifies only safety-related matters in these instruction books.

The instruction books are part of the product and are important documents for the safe and proper operation, maintenance and service of the drilling and foundation equipment. The text shall be simple, adequate and complete. The wording shall be adapted to the people who are using the products. The information shall be comprehensive and explicit.

All information concerning personal safety shall be specially marked so as to be identified as information for personal safety.

NOTE For guidance, see ISO 6750-1:2019 and ISO/TR 6750-2:2022.

The need to give the operating and maintenance personnel practical training in the operation, maintenance and mounting/dismounting operations of the drilling and foundation equipment with special emphasis on the safety precautions and the content of this training shall be mentioned in the instruction books.

If no dedicated position is provided inside the cab for a second person (e.g. trainer or trainee), then instructions shall be provided to organize the training without the need for the second person to stand or seat on the machine (see 4.23.6).

The instructions may be provided in a digital format. Such instructions and information shall clearly describe the product model to which they correspond.

When the instructions for use are provided in digital format, it shall:

— be marked on the machinery or in an accompanying document, how to access the digital instruction books;

— be in a format that makes it possible for the user to print and download it and save it on an electronic device so that he or she can access it at all times, in particular during a breakdown of the machinery (e.g. Portable Document Format); this requirement also applies where the instructions for use are embedded in the software of the machinery;

— be accessible online during the expected lifetime of the machinery and for at least 10 years after the placing on the market of the machinery.

The instructions for use in paper format should be available if any request.

General information

The operator's manual shall, on its first page and/or front cover, give the following information:

— manufacturer or his authorized representative;

— title of manual;

— type designation of drilling and foundation equipment concerned together with information on type, model and serial number if applicable;

— the same information as on the data plate;

— details of manufacturer and the sales companies, distributors or authorized agents including names, full addresses, and communication details.

All instructions that are important for the safe operation of the machine shall be included:

— a general view of the drilling and foundation equipment and its attachments;

— specification of the intended use of the machine;

— warning concerning any changes to the machine, and against reasonable foreseeable misuse;

— if a continuous flight auger greater than 350 mm outside diameter and with flights wider than 100 mm which can carry material to a height of 10 m is to be used, an auger cleaning device shall be used;

— necessary drawings, diagrams and illustrations of sufficient size to be quite clear showing the designation of major components, their functions, locations and relationships with the whole drilling and foundation equipment;

— a dimensional drawing of the protective means (guards, safety devices) to allow the user to define the drilling area (dimensioned) when the protection means are in place or are withdrawn or inhibited in the special protective mode for particular circumstances (see 4.23.2.2.5);

— explanation of symbols used;

— identity of single machinery parts, e.g. pile cap;

— a detailed description of each winch and its intended use;

— a warning stating that any other use of a winch (e.g. lifting goods in general) is forbidden and is considered an improper use of the equipment;

— warnings against actions that can cause injuries to the operator or other personnel.

Safety information

General

The following safety related information shall be included:

— information of residual risks that remain and the prevention measures that shall be taken by the user;

— it shall be made fully clear to the operator where the major risks are and what measures need to be taken to make the operation safe . In particular, instructions shall be provided about the necessity to take measures to guarantee that the ground shall support the machine and can reliably withstand the supporting forces in all tramming, travelling and working conditions, to avoid any negative effect on stability.

Checks to be made to ensure that the ground can withstand the forces imposed by the machines (outriggers, crawlers, wheels, etc.). Special attention to be paid to hidden ground deficiencies, like melting ice or flooding. Information about necessary measures shall be given if the ground condition is in doubt or the ground pressure is exceeding the limit value;

— description of danger zone around the machine and advice that all unauthorized persons be kept outside the danger zone during operation (e.g. regarding residual hazards at the area between clamping devices of the machine and ground);

— description of safety measures during necessary operations in the danger zone, e.g. area of spin-off when using auger tools;

— information about the required no access area for a remotely controlled and/or unmanned, automatically operated drilling and foundation equipment;

— information about the safe area from which the operator can control the machine with the remote control , e.g. safety distance between the operator and the drilling and foundation equipment;

— information about the need for earth-fault protection system in worksite electric network or mobile power source for electrically powered drilling and foundation equipment;

— instructions of when and how to use safety harnesses or escape/recovery equipment and instructions for procedures and means to rescue injured persons;

— instructions for required personel protective equipment (PPE);

— safety precautions to be taken when transporting, assembling and dismantling the drilling and foundation equipment, parts and attachments with particular attention to the erection and securing of leaders, derricks and feed beams;

— the location and use of fire extinguishers;

— instruction for operating drilling and foundation equipment in confined conditions so that the exhaust gases shall be directed in such a way that they do not return to the working area and create a hazard;

— instructions on the protective measures to be taken by the user;

— instructions about the use of the special protective mode;

— instructions on how the connection and disconnection of the drilling tools shall be carried out;

— instructions for how the handling of the pile elements shall be executed;

— if any, information concerning the radiation emitted by the machinery, precautions and possible consequences for the operator and exposed persons (e.g. for persons with active or non-active implantable medical devices).

Warning signs

All warning signs used shall be described in the operator's manual.

Capacities and limitations

The operator's manual shall specify:

— the most unfavourable conditions which may occur at the same time;

— the nominal line pull for all winches and draw works (including admitted inclination if applicable, see 4.2.3.4.6 and 4.2.3.4.7);

— display instructions on stability and any restriction of the inclination of the boom/leader or the carrier machine at the operator’s position;

— all operational capacities;

— a load/speed diagram for the winches and draw-works;

— instructions on stability and other essential restrictions of use which are of immediate importance shall be given on signs clearly visible at the driver’s and operator’s position, e.g. maximum allowed gradient angle for slopes when tramming, travelling and/or operating on slopes, complete with the corresponding prescribed configurations. Drawings illustrating these cases are recommended;

— if a compressor or power pack is included in the stability calculation as part of the counterbalance, details shall be stated;

— detailed instructions regarding the restrictions and special measures to be taken when working, tramming or parking shall be given;

— the position and allowed configuration of the equipment and loads when “out of service” shall be specified. Optional use of support points and guy ropes shall be given;

— the limit wind speed for this configuration;

— limitation of conditions for tramming shall be given;

— the maximum pushing or feed load in vertical and other directions and how to adjust the load to prevent backward overturning (see 4.2.3.4.7).

Noise

The operation manual shall contain information on sound power level from drilling and foundation equipment and the emission sound pressure level at the operator's position(s) as follows:

— information as listed in A.7;

— instructions relating to installation and assembly of measures for reducing noise;

— a statement that the noise emission values were determined during a standard test cycle and may not be representative for all conditions in accordance with the intended use. The operating conditions such as the soil or rock the machine is operated on or the operating environment such as sound reflective surfaces nearby can cause the sound levels to be higher than the declared values.

Vibration

The operator's manual shall contain information on hand-arm and whole-body vibration caused by emission from the drilling and foundation equipment as follows:

— vibration total value from continuous vibrations to which hand-arm system is subjected expressed in m/s². Experience has shown that the magnitude of hand-arm vibration on the steering wheel or control levers of drilling and foundation equipment with a ride-on operator is in general significantly below 2,5 m/s². See also the equipment specific parts of ISO 20770;

— the mean value of the peak amplitude of the acceleration from repeated shock vibrations, to which the hand-arm system is subjected;

— the highest root mean square value of weighted acceleration to which the whole body is subjected, if this value exceeds 0,5 m/s².Where this value does not exceed 0,5 m/s², this shall be mentioned. The particular operating conditions of the equipment relevant for the determination of this single value shall be indicated;

— the uncertainty of measurement;

NOTE 1 This single whole-body vibration emission value was determined under particular operating and terrain conditions and is therefore not representative for the various conditions in accordance with the intended use of the equipment. Consequently this single whole-body vibration emission value declared by the manufacturer in accordance with this document is not intended to determine the whole-body vibration exposure to the operator using this machine.

NOTE 2 As an alternative to the measurement of these vibration values by the manufacturer, these values can be determined on the basis of measurement taken for technically comparable machinery which is representative of the equipment to be produced.

NOTE 3 Information on the uncertainty of vibration measurements and the declaration and verification of vibration values is given in EN 12096:1997. For the estimation of the uncertainty values of 0,4 and 0,5 of the measured vibration value in dependency on the vibration level are indicated in EN 12096:1997, Table D.1.

— if applicable, information on how to minimise vibration risk by limiting the operation modes of the machine, by controlling the method of operation or by limited duration of operation (for example: tramming).

Technical information

The operation manual shall contain the following technical information:

— mass of the machine;

— mass of all major sub-assemblies, e.g. leader, power pack;

— the values of ground pressure for all conditions shall be stated. Calculation shall comply with Annex D;

— identification of accessories or interchangeable equipment (see ISO 20770-6:____), such as piling hammer, vibrator, rotary drive, etc., authorized by the base machine manufacturer to be used in conjunction with the base machine;

— instructions for fitting of authorized accessories or interchangeable equipment;

— information regarding the technical characteristics of authorized accessories or interchangeable equipment, e.g. mass, flow, pressure, dimensions;

— requirements for electric power, specified in electrical units as volt (V), hertz (Hz), kilowatt (kW);

— full information on matters of stability so as to enable parking, driving and operation of the drilling and foundation equipment. Maximum allowed gradient angle shall be stated for parking, working and tramming conditions;

— limits of ambient temperatures for which the drilling and foundation equipment is designed;

— maximum wind speed in m/s and Beaufort scale, see ISO 4302:2016;

— maximum slope inclination for travelling and operation;

— maximum pulling load in vertical and other directions;

— speed limits during intended operation;

— maximum operating pressures during intended operation;

— the highest gradient allowed for the drilling and foundation equipment with retained stability margins when tramming on slopes;

— information relative to the stability of the drilling and foundation equipment in the course of use, transport, assembly or dismantling, etc.:

— tipping lines for all possible positions including additional supports;

— where starting requires that any series of operations shall be performed in a specific sequence;

— instructions for handling of drilling tools and pile elements;

— in case of external energy (see 4.21) instructions for certain circuits which may remain connected to their energy sources, e.g. to hold parts in position, to protect information, to provide interior lighting.

Operating instructions

The operator's manual shall contain information and instructions for the safe use of the drilling and foundation equipment:

— inspections and functional checks prior to the start and operation of the equipment with a particular attention to:

— the need to check the emergency stop(s), guards, sensitive protective devices and supplementary trip devices for their proper function;

— fluids and lubrication levels;

— where and how emergency stop(s) according to 4.15.4.3, guards according to 4.23.2.2.2, sensitive protective devices according to 4.23.2.2.3 and supplementary trip devices according to 4.23.2.2.6 are installed and functional;

— how to replace drill rods/pipes with the help of the rotation mechanism and other auxiliary means where available;

— how to handle pile elements;

— a description of the operator's controls and direction of movements;

— the location, operation and function of guards and protective devices;

— instructions concerning the restricted operating mode and worksite organizational measures;

— instructions concerning special protective mode for specific circumstances and worksite organizational measures;

— instructions concerning the use of supplementary trip devices, where fitted;

— measures which are necessary when the wind load exceeds the maximum value allowed for parked and out of service condition;

— special measures necessary on floating craft;

— information about the location where stored energy is not automatically dissipated (e.g. hydraulic accumulator) and how to release;

— how to remove ice under sub-zero temperature conditions;

— for machines equipped with rod/pipe handling system:

— instructions about the correct use of the rod/pipe handling system shall be provided in the operator's manual;

— instructions/drawings showing the hazardous area in the instruction manual in order to require to the work site organization to provide fences or barrier around the forbidden area;

— instruction about correct loading of rod/casings during rigging operation.

Transportation and assembly instructions

— Description of modular assembly and disassembly of the drilling and foundation equipment;

— for all lifting points description with text and figures (as described in 4.19.4);

— the method of lifting drilling and foundation equipment and their attachments and components;

— information regarding means for retrieval/towing and the procedure of retrieval/towing the mobile drill rig in the event of a breakdown (as described in 4.19.2);

— information of tying down points and the procedure of securing the rig during transportation (as described in 4.19.3).

Disabling and scrapping

For disabling and scrapping, information shall be provided regarding parts containing hazardous substances or contained in the machinery so that they can be safely evacuated and ensuring that any stored energy can be safely dissipated.

The precautions to be observed during maintenance and service shall be stated in the maintenance and service manual.

The maintenance instructions shall at least contain:

— the same identification as for the operator's manual;

— names and addresses or a reference to a list of authorized repair and service agents;

— daily, weekly and other scheduled maintenance intervals;

— instructions for ropes particularly subjected to excessive wear (e.g. free-fall winches rope) to be checked at least every day and replaced if damaged;

— specification of oils, lubricants and hydraulic fluids;

— instructions on the maintenance of fire extinguishers;

— methods to safely remove or replace components and parts;

— methods to safely remove and replace ropes;

— information about measuring points and/or locations of diagnostic fault finding equipment and they shall be clearly marked in pictures and tables;

— drawings/functional diagrams for electric, hydraulic and pneumatic circuits, including relevant settings. Illustrations shall be of sufficient size to be clear and show the designation of major components, their functions, locations and relationships in the whole drilling and foundation equipment;

— instructions of how to use special tools provided by the manufacturer;

— instructions for frequency of checking and for replacement of parts which are classified by the manufacturer to be of particular importance for safety (safety critical components) and adapt the maintenance operations when the machinery is used intensively (e.g. increase the frequency of maintenance operations). Methods to check the wear of such parts shall be given and the criteria for their repair, adjustment or replacement;

— information on the testing and inspection of the anchor points in accordance with EN 795:2012 (see 4.12);

— instructions for the maintenance/examination of wire ropes, see ISO 4309:2010;

— instructions for the maintenance/examination of winches and travelling blocks;

— special warnings against actions which can cause injuries to the repairer or other personnel;

— instructions for required personel protective equipment (PPE).

When there is a need for an operator or an assistant to work on the rig in the working area or danger zone and this involves activation of one or several machine functions, such work shall only be done under the following conditions and these details/requirements shall be added in the maintenance manual:

— there shall be at least two persons present, both being fully instructed on the safety issues. One of them shall supervise the safety of the service personnel doing the work;

— the supervisor, who is fully instructed to operate the machine, shall have immediate access to an emergency stop in all situations, if the machine is required to be operational;

— the area where the service work is to be carried out shall be properly illuminated;

— communication between the service personnel and the supervisor shall be established at all times;

— only when the drilling and foundation equipment is shut down completely and the means of starting are isolated if a person is allowed to perform repair and maintenance work alone on the drilling and foundation equipment.

The spare parts list shall contain all relevant spare parts with unambiguous identification and information on the location of the part in the drilling and foundation equipment.

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Noise test code
   1. General

This test code, together with additional requirements in relevant parts of the standard, specifies all the information necessary to carry out efficiently and under standardized conditions the determination and declaration of the noise emission characteristics of drilling and foundation equipment.

Noise emission characteristics include emission sound pressure levels at operator's positions and the sound power level. The determination of these quantities is necessary for:

— manufacturers to declare the noise emitted;

— comparing the noise emitted by machines in the family concerned.

The use of this noise test code ensures reproducibility of the determination of the noise emission characteristics within specified limits determined by the grade of accuracy of the basic noise measurement method used. Noise measurement methods allowed by this standard are engineering methods, grade 2, as defined in ISO 3740:2000 and ISO 11200:2009.

NOTE These standards are being revised. It is the intention that the revised text will be used in relation to ISO 20770-1:____.

Noise emission from drilling and foundation equipment is generated by the machine itself and to a large extent also by the process. Noise may vary with the type of ground or rock in which the drilling and foundation equipment is operating. For a type test, an operation at fully specified conditions is necessary so that a sufficiently good reproducibility is achieved.

• 1. Operation of the drilling and foundation equipment during noise tests
     1. General

Before carrying out any measurement, the engine and the hydraulic system of the drilling and foundation equipment shall be brought to their normal working temperature following the instruction of the manufacturer and all relevant safety-related procedures given in the instruction book shall be carried out.

All internal engines (combustion, electric etc.) and motors needed to power the machine as well as needed for an intended operation shall be running at rated speed.

The measurement time shall not be less than 15 s.

The operating conditions during noise tests shall be identical for the determination of both the sound power level and emission sound pressure levels at operator’s positions.

• • 1. Multiple power units

Separate tramming engines on the drilling and foundation equipment shall not be in operation during the test.

When providing a power unit which is different from the engine of the base machine, this power unit shall be measured and declared separately. An exception is when the power unit is dedicated to a specific interchangeable equipment, in which case the measurement shall be carried out with the power unit in operation.

• • 1. Fan speed

If the engine of the machine or its hydraulic systems is fitted with (a) fan(s) it (they) shall operate during the test. The fan speed shall be in accordance with one of the following conditions, stated and set by the manufacturer of the machine:

a) Fan drive directly connected to the engine:

If the fan drive is directly connected to the engine and/or hydraulic equipment (e.g. by belt drive), it shall operate during the test.

b) Fan drive with several distinct speeds:

If the fan can work at several distinct speeds, the test shall be carried out:

1) either at the maximum working speed of the fan;

or

2) in a first test, with the fan set at zero speed and in a second test, with the fan set at maximum working speed. The resulting sound pressure level L_pA shall then be calculated by combining both test results using the following formula:

where

NOTE 1 The formula applies to the determination of the sound power level with L_pA replaced by LWA.

c) Fan drive with continuously variable speed:

If the fan can work at continuous variable speed, the test shall be carried out either according to A.2.3 b) or with the fan speed set by the manufacturer at no less than 70 % of the maximum working speed.

d) If the machine is equipped with more than one fan, all fans shall run at either the conditions specified in a) or b) or c).

NOTE 2 This is valid for both the sound power and the emission sound pressure level(s) at operator’s position(s).

• • 1. Different types of drilling and foundation equipment

Unless otherwise specified in other parts of this standard, drilling and foundation equipment shall be operated with all motors and engines running at rated speed. Auxiliary equipment (except cooling fans), which forms an integral part of the machine, shall be running at normal operating speed as specified by the manufacturer.

• 1. Determination of the sound power level
     1. Basic noise emission standards

The A-weighted sound power level shall be determined according to a basic noise emission measurement standard providing engineering methods (grade 2 of accuracy), considering the influencing factors (see Table A.1). The preferred method is described in ISO 3744:2010. Other standards that can be used are ISO 3747:2010 and ISO 9614‑2:1996.

Table A.1 — Factors influencing the choice of the method

• • 1. Determination according to ISO 3744

When applying ISO 3744:2010, a hemisphere measurement surface with following additions shall be used.

The radius r of the hemisphere shall be equal to or greater than twice the largest dimension of d_O (characteristic source dimension) as defined in ISO 3744:2010. The reference box is defined as the smallest possible rectangular box just enclosing the drilling and foundation equipment (without attachments) and terminating on the reflecting plane. The radius of the hemisphere shall be rounded to the nearest higher of the following values: 4 m, 10 m, 16 m.

If the largest dimension of the reference box is larger than 8 m, or if the use of a hemisphere measurement surface is not possible due to, e.g. background noise or requirements for the reflecting surface, a parallelepiped according to ISO 3744:2010 shall be used. The reason for using a parallelepiped instead of a hemisphere shall be reported.

NOTE The parallelepiped method overestimates the sound power.

ISO 3744:2010 shall be applied with microphone array according to Table E.1.

The machine shall be positioned such that the reference box centre point is approximately vertical above the centre of the hemisphere. The longitudinal axis of the machine shall coincide with the x-axis and the front of the machine shall face to microphone position 1.

At least the 6 microphone positions numbered 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 shall be used following the requirement in ISO 3744:2010 for reduced number of microphones.

Non sound-emitting parts of the drilling and foundation equipment, such as leader or a feed beam, shall be left outside of the reference box as defined in ISO 3744:2010.

The surface sound pressure level shall be determined at least three times. If at least two of the determined values do not differ by more than 1 dB, further measurements will not be necessary; otherwise the measurements shall be continued until two values differing by no more than 1 dB are obtained. The A-weighted surface sound pressure level to be used for calculating the sound power level is the arithmetic mean of the two highest values that do not differ by more than 1 dB.

• 1. Measurement of emission sound pressure level at the operator’s position
     1. General

The A-weighted emission sound pressure level and the peak C-weighted instantaneous sound pressure value at the operator's position shall be measured. For the purposes of this standard, the operator’s position, when operating, is defined in the manufacturer's instruction book.

• • 1. Performance of test at a fixed operator's position

The test shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 11201:2010, method providing Grade 2 results.

When the fixed operator's position is in a cabin, the following requirements apply:

— Measurements shall be taken with the doors and windows closed and the air-conditioning and/or ventilation system(s) in operation. If there is more than one operating speed available, the air conditioning and/or the pressurised ventilation system(s), shall be operated at the second speed for systems of up to four speeds. For systems of more than four speeds, the third speed shall be used and for continuously variable speeds the mid range speed.

— If the air-conditioning and/or ventilating systems have a recirculation and outside air position control, the control shall be set for outside air.

The operator shall be present at operator’s position during the test (ISO 11201:2010, 9.1 applies) and the sound pressure level at both ears shall be measured.

• • 1. Performance of test for operator's and assistant(s) position for remote-controlled machines

In addition to the requirements for fixed operator’s positions, the following shall apply for operators and specified assistant positions for remote-controlled machines.

A-weighted emission sound pressure level shall be determined by calculation according to ISO 11203:2009. The radius used for calculating Q2 shall be 4 m. If the noise emission is impulsive, the highest value of L_pCpeak shall be taken from measurements according to ISO 11201:2010 at several positions at 4 m from the machine at least one on each side.

• • 1. Acceptance criteria of measurements

The A-weighted sound pressure level shall be measured at least three times. If at least two of the determined values do not differ by more than 1 dB, further measurements will not be necessary; otherwise the measurements shall be continued until two values differing by no more than 1 dB are obtained. The emission sound pressure level is the arithmetic mean of the two highest values that do not differ by more than 1 dB.

The microphone position at the ear where the time-averaged A-weighted sound pressure level is the higher shall be taken into account.

• 1. Uncertainty of measurements

The total uncertainty of the sound power level and emission sound pressure level at workstation of machines covered by this standard is 3 dB for Non-percussive operation or 6 dB for Impact/Percussive operation. Alternatively, manufacturers may use lower values if these can be substantiated by testing (see ISO 3744:2010, Clause 9 and H.3) and (see ISO 11201:2010, Clause 9 and A.3).

NOTE These values include uncertainty due to measurement, operation of equipment and production variances. These values are based on a coverage factor of 2.

• 1. Information to be recorded and reported

The test record and report shall contain the information required by the basic standards used to determine the sound power level and the emission sound pressure level at operator’s position.

Additionally the test record and report shall state:

— the rated power of the drilling and foundation equipment;

— the number and type of drill heads/rock drills and drill steel/rod types;

— type of fan-drive system(s), as specified in A.2.3 a), b) or c), including the corresponding system maximum fan speed and fan speed(s) used during the test for each fan;

— set-up of air-conditioning and/or pressurised ventilation system;

— normal speed as specified by manufacturer for auxiliary equipment.

Deviations, if any, from this noise test code shall be recorded and reported in detail together with justification for these deviations.

• 1. Noise declaration

The noise declaration shall explicitly state that the noise emission values have been obtained according to this Annex A. If the statement is not true, the noise declaration shall indicate clearly what the deviations are.

The noise emission values to be declared are:

— the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the operator's position where this exceeds 70 dB. Where the level does not exceed 70 dB, the fact shall be indicated;

— the peak C-weighted instantaneous sound pressure level value at operator position, where this exceeds 63 Pa (130 dB in relation to 20 μPa);

— the A-weighted sound power level emitted by the machine.

NOTE 1 Declaration of the sound power level is only required where the emission sound pressure level at operator's position exceeds 80 dB(A) or the machine is covered by Directive 2000/14/EC.

The measurement uncertainty shall be dealt with in the following manner:

— the declaration of the emission sound pressure level at the operator’s position shall have the format of a dual-number declaration, as defined in ISO 4871:2009;

— the declaration of the sound power level shall have the format of a single-number declaration, as defined in ISO 4871:2009 if the machine is covered by Directive 2000/EC/14, and the format of dual-number declaration, as defined in ISO 4871:2009 in other cases.

The declaration of noise emission values shall be done according to ISO 4871:2009. Values of the standard deviation of reproducibility (σ_R) other than those offered by ISO 4871:2009 can be selected by the manufacturer if supporting data is provided.

NOTE 2 The methodology is based on the use of the measured values and uncertainties. The latter are the uncertainty associated with the measurement procedure (which is determined by the grade of accuracy of the measurement method used) and the production uncertainty (variation of noise emission from one machine to another of the same type made by the same manufacturer).

Additional noise emission values may be given in the noise declaration, but only in such a way, that they cannot be confused with the declared values.

In the case of verification of declared values, measurements shall be carried out in accordance with this Annex A by using the same operating conditions of the machine as those used for the initial determination of the noise emission values.

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Whole-body and hand-arm vibration test
   1. General

The operating conditions shall be according to A.2.

• 1. Measurement

The vibration shall be measured for an operator either sitting or standing as foreseen by the manufacturer at the operator’s position. The vibration shall be measured in accordance with ISO 2631‑1:1997 and in all three directions, x, y and z. The declared vibration value shall be the highest (rms) value determined on three orthogonal axes (1,4 a_wx, 1,4 a_wy, a_wz).

NOTE 1 Experience has shown that for the machines in the scope the vibration total value to which the hand-arm system is subjected is in general significantly below 2,5 m/s². In this case it is sufficient to mention that the acceleration is below this limit.

NOTE 2 As the tramming operation is relatively short during the normal operational cycle, it is not necessary to consider tramming during vibration measurement.

NOTE 3 As an alternative to the measurement of these vibration values through the manufacturer, these values can be determined on the basis of measurement taken for technically comparable machinery which is representative of the machinery to be produced.

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Instruction selecting and fitting of wire rope grips for free fall application
   1. General

The following instructions are applicable to ropes utilising wire rope grips, see 4.8.4.

Other design of grip may be used providing they have been satisfactorily tested by the grip manufacturer, and sustain minimum of 80 % of the minimum breaking load of the rope. Installation of the grips shall be in accordance with the grip manufacturer's instructions.

• 1. Installation

The distance between the grips shall be at least 1,5 times, and not more than 3,0 times the thickness of the bridge, ”H”, (see Figures C.1 and C.2).

Figure C.1 — Installation and spacing of grips

When using a thimble in the eye, the first wire rope grip shall be placed immediately against the thimble. The bridge shall always be placed on the load bearing part of the rope.

• 1. Number of grips

The recommended number of grips to be used is given in Table C.1.

• 1. Tightening torque

When making the assembly, and before bringing into service, the collar nuts shall be tightened to the torque given in Table C.1.

The recommended tightening torques are for grip with the bearing surfaces and threads of the nuts greased.

After the load has been applied a few times, the torque shall be checked.

Figure C.2 — Thickness and tightening thread diameter

Table C.1 — Number and torque of wire rope grips

• 1. Detachable connections

A wedge socket shall be mounted in such a way that the central axis of the part of the rope under load passes through the centre of the forked eye.

The wedge clamping device shall be secured by fitting immediately after it a locking fitting, e.g. a U-bolt grip, on the dead part of the rope, in accordance with one of the methods shown in Figure C.3. This locking fitting shall be capable of absorbing at least 10 % of the maximum permissible working load on the rope.

On a winch drum this securing is not required.

The load and the diameters of the steel wire ropes and the pin for which the wedge socket is intended shall be clearly marked on the clamping device. On the appertaining wedge, the diameter of the steel wire rope shall be marked.

Figure C.3 — Methods of securing for wedge socket

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Ground pressure calculation for crawler mounted drilling and foundation equipment
   1. General

For crawler mounted drilling and foundation equipment, the highest ground pressure which can occur shall be calculated according to D.2 for all relevant operating positions and orientations, including all types of operations, tramming and working on slopes if applicable. The values for all these conditions shall be stated in the operator’s manual.

• 1. Calculation of ground pressures

The calculation of the ground pressure that can occur in the contact point between tracks and ground shall be carried out in accordance with Figure D.1. The component perpendicular to the ground of resultant load shall be divided into single loads, P, on each track according to the position of the resultant load.

The position of the resultant load perpendicular to the ground shall be adjusted as to take into account the overturning effect of the resultant forces parallel to the ground, according to the principle of moment equivalence.

Definition of parameters:

— P   is the load on one track, in Newton;

— e   is the eccentricity of the load P, in metres, see Figure D.1;

— d   is the length of the contact area, either d₁ or d₂:

— d₁   is the distance between the idler and driver, in metres, in case of tipping line 1 according to 4.2.3.3.2, Figure 1, if β is less or equal to 2º;

— d₂   is the distance between the end rollers, in metres, in case of tipping line 2 according to 4.2.3.3.2, Figure 1, if β is more than 2º;

— b   is the width of the track grouser, in metres;

— σ₂, σ₁   are the maximum and minimum ground pressures, in N/m².

Figure D.1 — Contact area of track

Table D.1 — Ground pressure

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Test conditions of the stopping performances of the rotation of the drilling head
   1. General

Drilling and foundation equipment with restricted operating mode or special protective mode shall be tested to verify that:

— it satisfies the specifications of the standard in terms of stopping distance in restricted operating mode (see 4.23.2.2.4) and in special protective mode (see 4.23.2.2.5)

— rotation and feed speed of the drilling head, obtained in restricted operating mode, comply with the values announced in the relevant parts of the standard;

— the sensitive protective devices (see 4.23.2.2.3) cover the danger zone according to the stopping timeof the moving parts involved in the process of drilling.

• 1. Conditions of measure

The drilling and foundation equipment shall be measured under the following conditions:

— the drilling head shall rotate at its maximum allowed speed as fitted;

— the drilling and foundation equipment shall be parked in working position;

— the drilling head shall have revolved to any time necessary to have warmed up to normal operating temperature;

— no tool, rod, tube or tool transmission device shall be mounted on the output shaft of the drilling head, with the exception of parts where it is necessary to take measurements;

— the rotating movement is considered as stopped when the rotation speed is lower than 3 rpm.

• 1. Measures implementation
     1. General

The measures are taken by applying a command to stop to the control circuit of the moving parts involved in the drilling process and by recording the stopping parameters.

The following requirements shall be applied:

— In the special protective mode the stopping order that activates the measurement shall act in an equivalent way as the actuation of the pressure sensitive devices installed on the machine or if need be of the sensitive protective devices during the calculation of its location.

— During the measurement, whatever is the type of manual control actuator (hold-to-run control or the movement (order with maintained action or notched-indexed control) the operator has to hold the manual control of the movement.

• • 1. Measurements

The following measurements shall be taken:

— with the maximum speed that can be achieved when the restricted operating mode is selected;

— with the maximum speed that can be achieved when the special protective mode is selected;

— where applicable, the maximum speed stated in the characteristics of the machine (in the case of location of protective devices).

• • 1. Data to be recorded

For each measurement point, the following data shall be recorded:

— initial speed of the moving part when the command to stop is given. It is an angular speed for the rotation (rpm);

— stopping time (ms) between the command to stop and the stopping of the rotating movement;

— distance crossed by the moving part between the command to stop and the stopping of the rotating movement. It is expressed as an angle (radian).

• • 1. Evaluation of results

For every measurement point, take three records. If the distance between the biggest and the smallest stopping measurement is greater than 20 % of the mean value, two supplementary records shall be taken.

If three measurements were taken, calculate average of three values.

If five measurements were taken, to remove the best and the worst measurements, and calculate average of the three others.

1. 
   (informative)
   
   List of significant hazards

This annex contains, in Table F.1, hazards (hazardous situations and events) dealt with in this standard, identified by risk assessments as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce risk.

Cross references from hazards are given to the clauses that specify the action that needs to be taken to reduce the risk.

Hazards generally occur under the following conditions:

— in transportation to and from the work site;

— in rigging and dismantling on the work site;

— in service on the work site;

— when moving on the work site;

— out of service on the work site;

— in storage at the plant depot or on the work site;

— during maintenance.

Table F.1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements

Annex ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this European standard and the essential requirements of Directive2006/42/EC aimed to be covered

NOTE Annex ZA is not included in the final ISO publication.

This European standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request “M/396 Mandate to CEN and CENELEC for Standardisation in the field of machinery" to provide one voluntary means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast).

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.

Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European standard and Directive 2006/42/EC

WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this document is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European Union.

WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard.

Annex ZB
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Regulation EU 2023/1230 aimed to be covered

NOTE Annex ZB is not included in the final ISO publication.

This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request C(202X)XXXX final^[7] Commission Implementing Decision of DD Month YYYY^[8] to the European Committee for Standardization and to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization as regards machinery in support of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council (M/XXX)^[9] to provide one voluntary means of conforming to essential requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2023 on machinery (OJ L 165, 29.6.2023).

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Regulation, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZB.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements, of that Regulation and associated EFTA regulations.

Table ZB.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex III of Regulation EU 2023/1230