CEN/TC 135

Date: 2024-02

prEN 10905:2024

Secretariat: SN

Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 5: Technical requirements for cold-formed structural aluminium elements and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications

Ausführung von Stahltragwerken und Aluminiumtragwerken — Teil 5: Technische Anforderungen an tragende kaltgeformte Bauelemente aus Aluminium und tragende kaltgeformte Bauteile für Dach-, Decken-, Boden- und Wandanwendungen

Exécution des structures en acier et des structures en aluminium — Partie 5: Exigences techniques pour éléments et structures en aluminium formés à froid pour applications en toiture, plafond, paroi verticale et plancher

CCMC will prepare and attach the official title page.

Contents Page

European foreword 6

1 Scope 7

2 Normative references 9

3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations 10

3.1 Terms, definitions 10

3.2 Symbols and abbreviations 12

4 Specifications and documentation 14

4.1 Execution Specification 14

4.1.1 General 14

4.1.2 Execution specification of the manufacturer 14

4.1.3 Installation specification of the installer 14

4.1.4 Execution classes 15

4.1.5 Structural Classes 15

4.1.6 Layout drawings 15

4.1.7 Geometrical tolerances 16

4.2 Installation Quality Documentation 17

4.2.1 General 17

4.2.2 Content of the installation quality documentation 17

4.3 Installation documentation 17

4.4 Detailed traceability documentation 17

4.5 Safety of the installation works 17

5 Products 18

5.1 General 18

5.2 Identification, inspection documents and traceability 18

5.3 Materials 18

5.3.1 Materials for profiled sheeting 18

5.3.2 Materials for cold formed structural members 19

5.3.3 Materials for extruded structural members 19

5.3.4 Provisions for base materials 19

5.4 Thickness tolerances 20

5.5 Minimum nominal sheet thicknesses 20

5.5.1 Profiled sheeting 20

5.5.2 Structural members 20

5.6 Geometrical tolerances 21

5.7 Mechanical fasteners 21

5.7.1 General 21

5.7.2 Type of fasteners and materials 21

5.8 Accessories 21

5.9 Surface protection 21

5.10 External fire performance for roofing elements 22

5.11 Reaction to fire 22

5.12 Resistance to fire 22

5.13 Release of dangerous substances 22

5.14 Lightning protection 22

6 Manufacturing 22

6.1 General 22

6.2 Identification 22

6.3 Cold forming 22

6.4 Cutting 23

6.5 Holing 23

6.5.1 General 23

6.5.2 Execution of punching 23

7 Welding at the construction site 24

8 Mechanical Fastening 24

8.1 General 24

8.2 Use of self-tapping and self-drilling screws 25

8.3 Use of blind rivets 26

8.4 Attachment of cold-formed structural members and profiled sheeting to the supporting member 26

8.4.1 Types of connections and attachments 26

8.4.2 Attachment of profiled sheeting to the supporting member transverse to the direction of span 26

8.4.3 Attachment of profiled sheeting to supports parallel to the direction of span 28

8.4.4 Supporting member made of metal 28

8.4.5 Supporting member made of timber or other wood-based materials 29

8.4.6 Supporting member made of concrete or masonry 29

8.5 Connecting profiled sheeting 29

8.6 Edge and field spacings of fasteners for structural members and profiled sheeting 31

8.6.1 General 31

8.6.2 Edge spacings of webs of trapezoidal profiled sheeting and liner tray profiles 31

9 Installation 31

9.1 General 31

9.2 Site conditions 31

9.3 Training / instruction of installation personnel 32

9.4 Inspection of preceding works 32

9.5 Layout drawing 32

9.6 Tools required 32

9.7 Safety on site 32

9.8 Inspection of packaging and contents 33

9.9 Storage 33

9.10 Damaged structural members and profiled sheeting and connecting devices 33

9.11 Unloading, lifting gear / slings / straps 33

9.12 Laying 33

9.13 Direction of lay 34

9.14 Maintaining the cover width / adherence to tolerances 34

9.15 Condition after installation (swarf from drilling, fouling of surface, protective film wrap) 34

9.16 Inspection after installation 34

9.17 Diaphragms 34

9.18 Protection against lightning 35

10 Surface protection 35

10.1 Corrosion protection 35

10.2 Cleaning and maintenance 35

11 Geometrical tolerances 36

11.1 General 36

11.2 Tolerance types 36

11.3 Essential tolerances 37

11.3.1 General 37

11.3.2 Manufacturing tolerances 37

11.3.3 Installation tolerances 37

11.4 Functional tolerances 37

12 Inspection, testing and correction 38

12.1 General 38

12.2 Structural members, profiled sheeting and fasteners 38

12.2.1 General 38

12.2.2 Non-conforming products 38

12.3 Manufacturing: geometrical dimensions of manufactured structural profiled sheeting 38

12.3.1 General 38

12.3.2 Profiled sheeting 39

12.4 Welding at the construction site 39

12.5 Inspection of fastening 39

12.5.1 Self-tapping and self-drilling screws 39

12.5.2 Blind rivets 39

13 Deconstruction 40

13.1 General 40

13.2 Deconstruction process 40

Annex A (normative) Basic requirements for profiled sheeting 43

A.1 General 43

A.2 Supporting members 45

A.3 Edges of laying area 45

A.3.1 Longitudinal edge stiffeners 45

A.3.2 Weakening of the cross section 45

A.3.3 Reinforcements and double layers 46

A.3.4 Avoidance of ice damming 46

A.4 Building physics requirements 47

A.4.1 General 47

A.4.2 Water permeability 47

A.4.3 Thermal insulation 47

A.4.4 Avoidance of condensation / moisture protection 48

A.4.5 Airborne sound insulation (Rw) 48

A.4.6 Sound absorption (αw) 48

A.4.7 Protection against lightning 49

A.5 Roof drainage 49

Annex B (normative) Additional design requirements for profiled sheeting 51

B.1 General 51

B.2 Serviceability 51

B.3 Dimensions, widths of supports 52

B.3.1 General 52

B.3.2 Supporting members made of metal (steel / aluminium) 52

B.3.3 Supporting members made of timber 52

B.3.4 Supports made of concrete or masonry 52

B.3.5 Shear forces / fixed points 54

B.4 Stiffening of liner trays 54

B.5 Walkability 54

B.5.1 Walkability during installation 54

B.5.2 Walkability and access after installation 55

B.5.3 Test “Walkability” 55

B.6 Rotational restraint 56

B.7 Stressed skin design (diaphragms) 56

B.8 Cantilevers 57

B.9 Effective load width 58

B.9.1 Effective load width for non-composite slabs under point or line loads 58

B.9.2 Load dispersal by means of other structural members 58

B.10 Openings in laying areas 58

Annex C (informative) Installation records 61

Annex D (normative) Geometrical tolerances 62

D.1 General 62

D.2 Essential and functional manufacturing tolerances – Cold-formed profiled sheeting 62

D.3 Essential and functional manufacturing tolerances — Cold-formed members 67

D.4 Essential manufacturing tolerances — Punched holes 68

Annex E (normative) Galvanic corrosion 69

Annex F (normative) Additional information 70

F.1 List of required additional information 70

F.2 List of additional information if not otherwise specified 70

Bibliography 72

European foreword

This document (prEN 1090‑5:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 135 “Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures”, the secretariat of which is held by SN.

This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.

This document will supersede EN 1090‑5:2017.

This document is part of the EN 1090 series, which comprises the following parts:

— EN 1090‑1, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 1: Assessment and verification of constancy of performance for structural components

— EN 1090‑2, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 2: Technical requirements for steel structures

— EN 1090‑3, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures

— EN 1090‑4, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 4: Technical requirements for cold-formed structural steel elements and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications

— EN 1090‑5, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 5: Technical requirements for cold-formed structural aluminium elements and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications

This document specifies requirements for the execution i.e. the manufacture and the installation of cold-formed structural aluminium profiled sheeting, and for the installation of structural members made of aluminium for roof, ceiling, floor, wall and cladding applications.

This document applies to structures designed according to the EN 1999 series.

This document applies to profiled sheeting to be designed according to EN 1999‑1‑4.

This document also specifies requirements for the execution i.e. the manufacture and the installation of structures made from cold-formed profiled sheeting for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications under predominately static loading or seismic loading conditions and their documentation.

This document covers products of Structural Class I and II and structural profiled sheeting in Structural Class III according to EN 1999‑1‑4 used in structures.

NOTE 1 In National Annexes of EN 1999‑1‑4 specifications can be given regarding the use of the Structural Classes.

Structural profiled sheeting is understood here to be profiled sheet, such as trapezoidal or sinusoidal (Figure 1).

Perforated and micro profiled sheeting are also covered by this part.

This document also covers spacer constructions between the outer and inner or upper and lower skins as well as supporting members for roofs, walls and ceilings made from cold-formed profiled sheeting and the connections and attachments of the afore mentioned elements as long as they are involved in load transfer, it also covers connections and attachments of these elements (Figure 2).

A combination of steel and aluminium structural profiled sheeting are permitted, e.g. liner trays made of steel, stiffened by profiles made of aluminium. In this case, EN 1090‑4 and this document apply.

This document also covers the deconstruction of structures made from cold-formed profiled sheeting and structural members for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications.

This document does not cover the manufacturing of structural members of all structural classes according to EN 1999‑1‑4. These products are covered by EN 1090‑3.

Welded sections are excluded from this part and are covered by EN 1090‑3 except seal welding in low-stress areas.

Composite structural profiled sheeting where the interaction between dissimilar materials are an integral part of the structural behaviour such as sandwich panels and composite floors are not covered by this standard.

NOTE 2 The structures covered in this standard can be for example

— single- or multi-skin roofs, whereby the load-bearing structure (lower skin) as well as the actual roof covering (upper skin) or both consist of structural profiled sheeting;

— single- or multi-skin walls whereby the load-bearing structure (inner skin) as well as the actual cladding (outer skin) or both consist of structural profiled sheeting; or

— suspended ceilings for interior fitting.

Figure 1 — Examples of profiled sheeting

a) roll formed, press braked, folded sections

b) extruded sections

Figure 2 — Examples of members

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

CEN/TS 1187:2012, Test methods for external fire exposure to roofs

EN 508‑2:2019, Roofing and cladding products from metal sheet - Specification for self-supporting products of steel, aluminium or stainless steel sheet - Part 2: Aluminium

EN 755‑7:2016, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 7: Seamless tubes, tolerances on dimensions and form

EN 755‑8:2016, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 8: Porthole tubes, tolerances on dimensions and form

EN 755‑9:2016, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 9: Profiles, tolerances on dimensions and form

EN 1090‑1:2009+A1:2011, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural elements

EN 1090‑3:2019, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures

EN 1994‑1‑1:2004^[1], Eurocode 4 — Design of composite steel and concrete structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings

EN 1995-1-1:2004^[2], Eurocode 5 — Design of timber structures — Part 1-1: General — Common rules and rules for buildings

EN 1995-1-2:2004^[3], Eurocode 5 — Design of timber structures — Part 1-1: General — Common rules and rules for buildings

EN 1999-1‑1:2023, Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures — Part 1-1: General rules

EN 1999-1-4:2023, Eurocode 9 — Design of aluminium structures — Part 1-4: Cold-formed structural sheeting

EN 10204:2004, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents

EN 13501‑5:2016, Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 5: Classification using data from external fire exposure to roofs tests

EN 62305‑3:2011, Protection against lightning - Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard (IEC 62305-3:2010)

EN ISO 376:2011, Metallic materials - Calibration of force-proving instruments used for the verification of uniaxial testing machines (ISO 376:2011)

EN ISO 717‑1:2020, Acoustics — Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 1: Airborne sound insulation (ISO 717‑1)

EN ISO 6507 (all parts), Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test (ISO 6507 (all parts))

EN ISO 10140 (all parts), Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements (ISO 10140 (all parts))

EN ISO 11654:1997, Acoustics - Sound absorbers for use in buildings - Rating of sound absorption (ISO 11654:1997)

EN IEC 62561‑1, Lightning protection system components (LPSC) — Part 1: Requirements for connection components (IEC 62561-1)

ISO 7976‑1, Tolerances for building — Methods of measurement of buildings and building products - Part 1: Methods and instruments

ISO 7976‑2, Tolerances for building — Methods of measurement of buildings and building products - Part 2: Position of measuring points

ISO 17123 (all parts), Optics and optical instruments — Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/

— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/

3.1.1

cassette profile

roll formed, press-braked or folded structural profiled sheeting with or without stiffeners used as substructures for walls and roofs with a bigger variety in cross sections than liner trays

3.1.2

component I

component (usually the profiled sheeting) that is facing the head of the fastener (the swage head in the case of blind rivets)

3.1.3

component II

second component of a connection (usually the supporting member)

3.1.4

decking

load bearing profiled sheeting to support

EXAMPLE insulation and outer skin.

3.1.5

edge stiffener

supporting plate or profile at the longitudinal edge of a laying area to replace the missing neighboured profiled sheeting and stiffen the free edge

3.1.6

fastening

fastener and the process of fastening and the final connected components

3.1.7

flashing

non-load-bearing element, for example accessories and coverings in the areas of the skirting, eaves, gable end, ridge and corners

3.1.8

layout drawing

drawing showing the position of structural components and installation details

3.1.9

liner

inner profiled sheeting of a double skin system

3.1.10

member

linear profiled cross sections (structural element with cross-sectional dimensions much smaller than its length)

Note 1 to entry: This is a narrower definition of the term member than the one given in EN 1990.

3.1.11

penetration

opening in the decking made on-site

3.1.12

restraint

restriction of the lateral or rotational movement, or the torsional or warping deformation, of a member or element, that increases its buckling resistance to the same extent as a rigid support

3.1.13

saddle washer

oversized gasket that is adapted to the respective profile shape, which is made of aluminium, steel or stainless steel with a seal bonded to it and an adapted corrosion protection to that of the profiled sheeting which can be used when profiled sheeting are connected via its top flange

Note 1 to entry: The corrosion protection is adapted to that of the profiled sheeting.

Note 2 to entry: Saddle washer can be used when attaching profiled sheeting via its top flange.

Note 3 to entry: As an example, a figure of a saddle washer is given in EN 1993‑1‑3:2024, Table 10.3.

3.1.14

structural aluminium component

load-bearing element made from aluminium sheet by cold rolling or press braking

3.1.15

structural cold-formed profiled sheeting

part of a structure such as trapezoidal, sinusoidal, standing seam or cassette profile I

3.1.16

tolerance

difference between the upper limit of size and the lower limit of size

Note 1 to entry: Tolerance is an absolute value without sign.

[SOURCE: ISO 6707-1:2020, 3.1.1, Note 2 and 3 are deleted.]

3.1.16.1

essential tolerance

basic limit for a geometrical tolerance necessary to satisfy the design assumptions for structures in terms of mechanical resistance and stability

3.1.16.2

functional tolerance

geometrical tolerance, which might be required to meet a function other than mechanical resistance and stability, e.g. appearance or fit up

3.1.16.3

manufacturing tolerance

permitted range in the size of a dimension of a component resulting from component manufacture

3.1.17

trimmer

beam around an opening in a floor or roof or wall

For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply.

Indices

The necessary information and technical requirements for execution of each part of the works (manufacturing and installation) shall be agreed and complete before commencement of execution of that part of the works.

There shall be procedures for making alterations to previously agreed execution specification.

The execution specification shall consider such of the following items as are relevant:

a) additional information, as listed in Annex F;

b) execution classes, see 4.1.4;

c) structural classes, see 4.1.5;

d) tolerance classes, see 4.1.7;

An installation specification consists of layout drawings and details, based on structural design and shall consider such of the following items as are relevant:

a) additional information, as listed in Annex F;

b) execution classes, see 4.1.4;

c) structural classes, see 4.1.5;

d) technical requirements regarding the safety of the works, see 4.5 and 9.7;

e) tolerance classes, see 4.1.7.

An installation specification that has not been prepared by the installer shall be checked by the installer for completeness and feasibility. Incomplete layout drawings or details that cannot be installed, shall be rejected or corrected by mutual agreement.

NOTE The responsibilities between the parties involved can be regulated by member states.

Four execution classes 1 to 4, denoted EXC1 to EXC4, are given, for which requirement strictness increases from EXC1 to EXC4.

The execution specification and the installation specification shall specify the relevant execution class or classes.

NOTE The requirements for the selection of execution classes are given in EN 1999‑1‑1.

The list of requirements related to execution classes is given in EN 1090‑3:2019.

Profiled sheeting complying with this standard may be used for EXC 1 to 3. In this European Standard there is no differentiation in requirements between execution classes.

Structural classes shall be specified in the layout drawings, the design brief, and in the operations and maintenance manual.

NOTE 1 In the design of structures a distinction is made between various “structural classes”, based on the level of contribution of aluminium members and profiled sheeting to the strength and stability of the overall structure or that of individual structural components. These structural classes are associated with different requirements in the applicable product standard for aluminium members and profiled sheeting and are defined in EN 1999‑1‑4:2023.

NOTE 2 The intended use determines the structural class. The same aluminium member or profiled sheeting can be used for different structural classes.

NOTE 3 The type of loading (uniformly distributed loads, access loads, concentrated loads e.g. from PV installation) can change the structural class of the product.

Layout drawings shall be part of the prepared installation specification and are based on structural design.

Layout drawings and assembly instructions shall include the following details and shall be prepared for the installation:

— type and position of the structural members and profiled sheeting;

— structural class of members and profiled sheeting;

— connection with the supporting member and arrangement of the fasteners;

— structural members and profiled sheeting with profile designation and manufacturer’s name, material, nominal sheet thickness and manufactured length;

— direction of lay of profiled sheeting and special installation sequences;

— statically effective overlapping (moment-resisting connections), if relevant;

— installation tolerances;

— fasteners with type designation, name of manufacturer of the fasteners (not valid for bolts), type of washer (saddle washer, washer and other fixing accessories, arrangement and separation distances, special assembly instructions depending on the type of connection, e.g. hole diameters, axial spacings and edge distances;

— type and details of the supporting member for the structural members and profiled sheeting, such as material, centre to centre distances and dimensions, the inclination;

— details of the side and end overlapping and edges of the installed area;

— openings in the installed areas, including the necessary framing, e.g. for skylights, smoke and heat extractors and roof drainage, if relevant;

— superstructures or suspensions, e.g. for piping, bunched cables or suspended ceilings, if relevant;

— a label, stating that all structural members and profiled sheeting shall be fixed immediately after laying;

— details about any special installation measures, if relevant;

— special devices for installation, if relevant;

— any specific hazards related to construction should be identified;

— details about corrosion protection, e.g. contact surfaces between different metals or between metals and timber, concrete, masonry or plaster, if relevant;

— details about the condition and location of sealant strips, fillers for profiled sheeting and special elements, if relevant;

— details about setting-down places for bundles of structural members and profiled sheeting on roof areas and floors according to the static calculation;

— details about walkability, if relevant;

— details about weather integrity, if relevant;

— details about fire protection, if relevant;

— details about thermal insulation, if relevant;

— details about acoustics, if relevant;

— details about air tightness, if relevant.

Laying areas and parts of laying areas that are intended to act as a diaphragm for the stabilization shall be specially marked in the layout drawings as “diaphragm”.

Two types of geometrical tolerances are defined in 11:

a) essential tolerances;

b) functional tolerances, with two classes for which requirement strictness increases from class 1 to class 2 (see 11.4).

It shall be specified if a quality documentation for installation is required. If required, the quality documentation shall be prepared prior to the start of the work.

NOTE 1 The quality documentation is generally prepared in cooperation with the designer.

NOTE 2 The quality documentation is a quality-assuring documentation.

The following points shall be documented:

a) organization chart and managerial staff responsible for each aspect of the installation;

b) the procedures, methods and work instructions to be applied;

c) an inspection plan specific to the works;

d) a procedure for handling changes and modifications;

e) a procedure for handling of nonconformities, requests for concessions and quality disputes;

f) specified hold-points or requirement to witness inspections or tests, and any consequent access requirements.

An installation documentation shall be recorded to demonstrate that the works have been carried out according to the installation specification (4.1.3).

NOTE The installation documentation is an evidence-securing documentation.

Installation records shall document the state and progress of the construction works as well as all noteworthy incidents during construction.

Annex C contains a list of recommended items for the installation records.

At completion, a statement of completion demonstrating that the works have been executed in accordance with the installation specifications and the provisions of this standard shall be signed by the company responsible for the installation.

Cold-formed aluminium structural profiled sheeting (materials for manufacturing and manufactured products) shall be traceable at all stages, from purchasing the material prior to production of profiled sheeting to installation of the manufactured products.

This traceability may be based on documentary records for batches of product allocated to a common production process.

Method statements giving detailed work instructions shall be given and shall comply with the technical requirements relating to the safety of the installation works as given in 9.7.

This section gives requirements with respect to the constituent products and the accompanying documents.

Materials to be used for the execution of cold-formed aluminium structures shall be according to 5.3.

If materials that are not covered by the standards listed in Clause 5.3 are to be used, their properties shall be specified.

The properties of supplied products shall be documented in a way that enables them to be compared to the specified properties.

For aluminium products made of materials given in 5.3, the inspection document shall be 3.1 according to EN 10204.

Products shall be delivered and identified as follows:

a) They shall be delivered in an appropriate packaging and labelled such that the content is readily identifiable;

b) Labelling or accompanying documentation shall be in accordance with the requirements of the product standard and should contain the following information in a legible and durable form, attached to every packaged unit:

— manufacturer’s name and works;

— batch designation or documentation number for traceability;

— weight;

— length, if relevant for lifting;

— number of products inside the package;

— thickness;

— material properties or specific product reference;

— corrosion protection system (if relevant).

It is recommended that labels are retained. See also Annex C.

Structural profiled sheeting shall have properties that conform to the required suitability for the cold-forming process. This concerns especially the bending radii. Suitable for cold-formed profiled sheeting, designed according to the provisions of EN 1999‑1‑4, materials and tempers shall be used as listed in EN 1999‑1‑4 if national rules do not specify other material. The minimum 0,2 % proof strength (Rp0,2) for material to be processed to cold-formed structural profiled sheeting and which is designed according to EN 1999‑1‑4 shall be 135 MPa.

Coating system shall be specified by the coating type and brand name, if relevant. For coil coating, see EN 1396. For powder coating, see EN 12206‑1:2021.

NOTE EN 485‑2 includes information about minimum bending values for many materials/tempers.

Materials for cold-formed structural members shall have properties that conform to the required suitability for the cold-forming process. This concerns especially the bending radii. Cold-formed structural members shall be designed according to the provisions of EN 1999‑1‑1:2023. Materials and tempers shall be used as listed in EN 1999‑1‑1.

NOTE Attention is drawn to national regulations that can specify other material.

For welded sections the provisions in EN 1090‑3 apply.

NOTE The EN 485 series includes information about minimum bending value for many materials/tempers.

Materials for extruded structural members shall be designed according to the provisions of EN 1999‑1‑1. Materials and tempers shall be used as listed in EN 1999‑1‑1

NOTE Attention is drawn to national regulations that can specify other material.

For welded sections the provisions in EN 1090‑3 apply.

The finished product manufacturer shall only buy base materials with characteristics declared by the base material supplier and with an inspection certificate 3.1 according to EN 10204:2004. Therefore, the finished product manufacturer's system requires only a document check to ensure that the characteristics meet the product manufacturer's specifications, provided that the production process for the finished product does not change in an unfavourable way these characteristics.

The inspection certificate 3.1 shall contain the following data:

— name or mark of the manufacturer’s works;

— identification number;

— type and grade of material, if relevant;

— nominal dimensions of the product ordered and nominal sheet thickness (t) (in mm respectively) and tolerance class according to EN 508‑2:2019;

— coating system; full designation, if relevant;

— thickness of the metallic coating on the visible side/rear side in μm, if relevant;

— adhesion of metallic coating, if relevant.

— bend radius to thickness ratio;

— thickness of the organic coating on the visible side/rear side in μm, if relevant;

— determined values of the mechanical material properties:

— 0,2 %-proof strength (Rp0,2) in MPa;

— tensile strength (Rm) in MPa;

— elongation after fracture A50 mm in %;

In case of not having a 3.1 inspection document or the 3.1 document is incomplete, the received base material shall be treated as non-conforming until it can be demonstrated that it meets the requirements of the specification.

The execution and installation specification shall specify the tolerance limit value or type for the thickness for one or more projects. This shall be in accordance with the product standard for the aluminium sheet or strip concerned.

The class of thickness tolerance shall be specified in accordance with EN 508‑2.

The thickness of the manufactured components shall be measured in those areas which are not influenced by the cold forming process.

The thicknesses shall be in accordance with the execution and installation specification.

The minimum nominal sheet thicknesses shall not be less than shown below, if not otherwise specified:

NOTE 1 Static calculation according to the Eurocodes give a nominal thickness required for design. The values above are based on installation experiences on the worksite.

For aesthetic reasons, especially for wall applications, greater thicknesses can be necessary to prevent buckling. In any case, the material thickness should be at least large enough to allow for an aesthetic appearance.

NOTE 3 In some countries lower values than the above listed values can be permitted.

The thicknesses shall be in accordance with the execution and installation specification.

The minimum nominal sheet thicknesses for roof and wall structures shall be at least the nominal thickness of the attached profiled sheeting, but not less than t = 1,00 mm, except:

NOTE 1 Static calculation according to the Eurocodes give a nominal thickness required for design. The values above are based on installation experiences on the worksite.

NOTE 2 In some countries lower values than the above listed values can be permitted.

Geometrical tolerances are given in 11 and Annex D.

This clause specifies the requirements for screws and blind rivets for structural aluminium elements. For other types of mechanical fasteners (e.g. bolts and nuts), EN 1090‑3 shall apply.

Fasteners according to European Standards or European Technical Assessments (ETA) shall be used. The type of fastener with designation of the relevant European Standard or ETA shall be specified.

The fastener materials shall be made of austenitic stainless steel or aluminium. This does not apply to welded-on drill tips.

Fastenings are subdivided into:

a) thread-forming screws, subdivided into:

— thread-forming self-tapping screws, which produce their female threads in a chipless manner in predrilled holes;

— thread-forming self-tapping screws (pierce tip), which produce their female threads in a chipless manner without predrilled holes.

b) blind rivets that comprise a rivet sleeve and a rivet mandrel with a predetermined breaking point.

c) Bolts and nuts and washers.

d) Clinch connections. Details of clinch connections are given by the relevant ETAs.

e) Spot welds

EN 1090‑3 shall apply for metric screws.

For a rainproof connection or mounting, washers made of aluminium or austenitic stainless steel with a cured-on elastomer seal at least 2,0 mm thick or saddle washers with seal shall be used under the head of the fastener.

NOTE Member states can require more severe requirements for a rainproof connection.

Accessories are components that are absolutely necessary for the function of the construction but for which no analyses of the ultimate limit state or serviceability limit state shall be carried out, e.g. decking side trim, sealant strips, fillers for profiled sheeting or flashings. They shall fulfil the same requirements for durability, corrosion protection and reaction to fire as the structural aluminium components, if not otherwise specified.

Verification of suitability of a corrosion protection system for a corrosivity category shall be carried out with reference to Clause 10 and Annex E of this standard.

The external fire performance shall be tested in accordance with the relevant method(s) in CEN/TS 1187:2012 and in accordance with EN 13501‑5:2016.

The products to be tested shall be installed, in addition to the general provisions given in CEN/TS 1187, in a manner representative of their intended use.

NOTE 1 Products covered by this European Standard are considered “deemed to satisfy without the need for testing” in relation to the requirements for external fire performance provided that they meet the definitions given in Commission Decision 2000/553/EC, i.e. flat or profiled metal sheets of nominal thickness ≥ 0,4 mm with any external coating which is inorganic or has a gross calorific value, PCS ≤ 4,0 MJ/m2 or a mass ≤ 200 g/m2.

NOTE 2 Individual Member States can have “deemed to satisfy” lists which go beyond the list given in the Commission Decision 2000/553/EC.

Reaction to fire shall be according to EN 1090‑1:2009+A1:2011.

Resistance to fire shall be according to EN 1090‑1.

Release of dangerous substances shall be according to EN 1090‑1.

For structural profiled sheeting made of metal that form part of the lightning protection system the recommendations given in EN 62305‑3 shall apply.

Structural profiled sheeting shall be manufactured by cold forming from aluminium sheet or strip/coil. There shall be no cracks at the bent areas visible by the bare eye.

At all stages of manufacturing each piece or package of similar pieces of structural aluminium components shall be identifiable by a suitable system.

Shaping by cold forming, produced either by roll forming or press breaking shall conform to the requirements for cold formability given in the relevant product standard and shall be manufactured considering the requirements in Clause 10 and within the tolerances specified in Clause 11.

Cutting shall be carried out in such a way that the requirements for geometrical tolerances and smoothness of free edges as specified in this European Standard are met. Suitable tools for cutting shall be applied. Tools which have been used for other metals shall be cleaned.

NOTE Known and recognized cutting methods are shearing nibbling and water jet techniques. Other methods are possible if appropriate.

If coated materials are to be cut, the method of cutting shall be selected to minimize the damage on the coating.

Burrs that could cause injury or prevent the proper alignment or bedding of sections or profiled sheeting shall be removed.

The specifications for the execution of holing, other than punching, given in EN 1090‑3 shall be applied where appropriate.

Requirements of EN 1090‑3 on dimensions of holes for connections with mechanical fasteners and pins apply.

NOTE Clearances defined in EN 1090‑3:2019, Table 8.

Different holes in the same aluminium member may be classified for different execution classes.

This clause specifies the requirements on the execution of punching in cold-formed sheeting made of aluminium.

Punching is permitted provided that the nominal thickness of the component is not greater than the nominal diameter of the hole, or for a non-circular hole, its minimum dimension.

If not otherwise specified, holes may be punched full size without reaming for a sheet thickness:

— up to 4 mm for all execution classes

— up to 8 mm for EXC1, EXC2 and EXC3

Punching without reaming is also permitted, if specified in an applicable ETA.

In other cases, punching without reaming is not permitted. The holes and notches shall be punched at least 2 mm undersize in diameter and reamed after punching.

If not otherwise specified, for details subject to high cyclic or seismic stresses for high seismic ductility class (DCH) (see EN 1993‑1‑1:2022, Annex A), punched holes in a sheet with thickness greater than 4 mm shall be reamed.

For the essential manufacturing tolerances of punched holes see D.4.

If not otherwise specified, the check of the capability of the processes shall be as follows:

a) Four samples shall be produced from procedure tests on materials encompassing the range of materials processed that are most susceptible to local hardening;

b) Four local hardness tests shall be done on each sample in locations likely to be affected. The tests shall be in accordance with the EN ISO 6507 series.

If the execution specification requires aluminium material to be free from hardened material due to the punching process, holes shall not be punched full size but may be punched 2 mm diameter less than full size and then reamed or drilled.

For the purpose of the connection of joints, overlaps, to attachments and penetrations, structural aluminium components may be welded where the welding method is suited to the material for the profile sheets used, e.g. TIG welding (tungsten inert gas welding) for AlMnMg alloys.

NOTE The weld seams serve as seals against penetrating water (“sealing weld”). The weld seams are therefore made at points where no stress or only negligible stresses need to be transferred.

Before commencing welding work, necessary safety measures shall be met, e.g. inform the responsible fire services, ensure a fire extinguisher is close at hand, remove any ignitable materials from the workplace and its surroundings or at least put them in a safe place.

The welding work can be carried out either in a hall or on a construction site. Where welding is carried out on a construction site, the area shall be protected against wind and precipitation e.g. using a welding screen or tent.

The components to be welded shall have been cleaned, be free of grease and dry. For coated materials, the coating shall be mechanically removed before welding in a small area of 20 to 30 mm at the welding point.

To ensure the safe position of the joints, the joining parts shall be supported e.g. by a hardwearing thermal insulation. Sub-surfaces that are sensitive to temperature or fire shall be protected against ignition and damage e.g. using special welding underlays under the joining point. Butt welds shall be avoided. The sheet metal at the joining point shall overlap by approx. 10 to 20 mm. If this is not possible, a strip of sheet metal made of uncoated aluminium shall be placed underneath.

The weld seam tightness shall be checked by visual inspection.

This clause covers requirements for shop and site fastening of profiled sheeting and members by the use of screws and blind rivets. For other types of fastening EN 1090‑3 shall apply

Fastenings shall be in accordance with the installation specification and used in accordance with the fastener manufacturer's specifications.

The performance of fasteners will depend on the methodology that may be determined on basis of procedure testing. Procedure tests may be used to demonstrate that the required connections can be performed under site conditions. The following aspects should be considered:

a) ability to produce correct hole size for self-tapping screws and rivets;

b) ability to correctly adjust power screwdrivers with the correct tightening torque (e.g. depth controlled);

c) ability to drive a self-drilling screw perpendicular to the connected surface and set sealing washers to correct compression within the limits recommended by the fastener manufacturer;

d) ability to form an adequate structural connection and to recognize an inadequate one.

For thread-forming screws and blind rivets, the provisions of the European Standards or European Technical Assessments (ETA) apply.

EN 1090‑3 shall apply for metric screws.

When attaching profiled sheeting from its valley to supporting members, the fasteners shall be positioned such that there is no gap at the point of contact between component I and component II exceptions may be covered by ETAs.

Sealing strips for the reduction of heat transfer up to 3 mm thickness are permitted between component I and component II. A larger thickness may be used when it is permitted by an ETA.

During installation, the provisions given in the European Standards or European Technical Assessments (ETA) and the fastener manufacturer’s instructions regarding suitable sheet thicknesses, materials, clamping thicknesses and tools to be used shall be fulfilled.

After installation work any drilling swarf or ejected broken mandrel stems shall be collected and removed from exterior work surfaces to prevent subsequent corrosion.

The length and thread form of screws shall be checked prior to the fastening to suit the specific application and shall be adapted to the thickness of the support to ensure the correct anchorage of the fastener in the support.

Screws for certain applications require an interrupted thread. If a sealing washer is used the thickness of the washer should be taken into account in selecting the thread length.

If screws are fastened in the crown of a roofing profile care shall be taken to avoid dents in the profiled sheeting at the penetration point, e.g. by using saddle washers.

Tools used for fixing screws shall be appropriate (e.g. power screwdriver) and possess an adjustable depth and/or torque control that shall be set in accordance with the equipment manufacturer's recommendations. If power screwdrivers are used, the drilling and driving speeds (revolutions per minute) shall be in accordance with the fastener manufacturer's recommendations.

If sealing washers are used, the screws shall be set to achieve the correct compression of the elastomer as indicated by Figure 3b).

a) too loose	b) correct	c) too tight	d) too inclined

Figure 3 — Guide for compression of sealing washers

The depth control device, of a power screwdriver, shall be adjusted to compress the elastomeric washer within the limits set by the fastener manufacturer.

Screws without sealing washers shall be set using an appropriate torque or depth control device to avoid overtightening, screws with a spin-free zone under the screwhead are exempted.

The choice of the length of the blind rivet shall be according to the total thickness to be fastened. Component I and component II shall be in contact before riveting to avoid forming of the closing head between the components.

NOTE 1 The rivet length recommended by the product manufacturer generally takes account of a certain drawing together of the plates to be fastened.

NOTE 2 Most manufacturers offer a range of manually and power operated setting tools to suit high or low volume usage. These are often readily adaptable by changing only the nosepiece and/or setting jaws to set a range of blind rivet types and sizes. Generally, interchangeable heads are available for setting where tool access is limited such as inside channels or cylindrical sections.

NOTE 3 Predetermined setting characteristics designed into the rivet body/mandrel relationship ensure consistent joints.

Installation shall be performed according to the fastener manufacturer's recommendations.

Differentiation is made between the following types of connections and attachments:

— attachments of profiled sheeting to the supporting member;

— attachments of load-bearing members to the supporting member;

— connections between profiled sheeting (e.g. side lap or end lap);

— connections between edge parts or members and profiled sheeting.

Attachment (Figure 4) shall be carried out in accordance with the installation specification. However,

— for a rib width bR > 100 mm (bR see Figure 1) at least every second profile rib of a profiled sheet;

— for a rib width bR ≤ 100 mm every third rib of a profiled sheet

shall be attached to the supporting member; at the edges of the laying area, every profile rib shall be attached where bR > 100 mm and every second profile rib where bR ≤ 100 mm, if not otherwise specified.

In the case of diaphragms, every profile rib of the adjacent flange shall be attached to the diaphragm supports. In the case of intermediate supports that only serve to transfer loads at right angles to the laying area and do not have to participate whatsoever in the action of the diaphragm, attachment to every second profile rib suffices even within the area of the diaphragm.

At every support, liner trays and cassette profiles shall be attached to the supporting member in accordance with the installation specification but there shall be at least two fasteners near the web (Figure 5).

	Minimum support width bA: Annex B, Table B.1
a) without overlapping
		Minimum support width bA: Annex B, Table B.1
b) with overlapping

Figure 4 — Example of Attachments of profiled sheeting

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure 5 — Fastening of liner trays

Along the longitudinal edges of the laid areas edge stiffening members or edge stiffening supports shall be present (Figure A.2).

Trapezoidal or sinusoidal profiled sheeting shall be attached to the supporting member along the longitudinal edges of the laid areas (Figure A.2) in accordance with the execution specification at a spacing not exceeding the range of 50 mm ≤ eR ≤ 500 mm (eR see Figure A.2). In the case of a connection with an edge stiffening plate as per Annex A there shall be a spacing of 50 mm ≤ eR ≤ 666 mm with two rows of fasteners staggered in reverse order. In the case of diaphragms, attachment shall be carried out additionally in accordance with the execution specification. The same applies to the longitudinal edge of a profiled sheet adjacent to an opening in the laying area.

NOTE 1 A distance of 666 mm means 3 fasteners on 2 m with nearly the same distances between.

NOTE 2 Additional fasteners can be necessary in accordance with the installation specification.

Provisions for the fixed length of the cylindrical part of the thread of thread-forming screws in supporting members made of metal are given in the relevant ETAs.

The tips for thread-forming or drilling shall not be included in the recognized length. The tips of connectors shall not be removed after installation in order to avoid damaging the connection.

The suitability of thread-forming screws, envisaged for the connection of profiled sheeting or structural members to supporting members made of timber or other wood-based materials, shall be according to European Standards or European Technical Assessments.

With regard to pilot drilling and screw-in depth, the installation specification shall follow the provisions according to EN 1995‑1‑1:2004 provided the European Technical Assessments for the fasteners or the product standards for the screws do not contain other requirements.

Screws shall not be hammered in – not even partially.

If aluminium profile sheets are used as exterior shells (weatherproof profiled sheeting) and are connected to a timber sub-construction in the bottom flanges, the following conditions shall be observed:

— with trapezoidal profiles, the width of the connected bottom flange shall not be less than 23 mm;

— transverse joints of the profile sheets shall be arranged above the timber sub-construction;

The timber sub-construction may also be designed as coupled purlins.

— when determining the length L of the profile sheets, their colouring shall be observed;

— “Fixed points” according to Annex A shall be made on the sub-construction in the middle of the sheets, possibilities for displacement by 10 mm should be provided on both transverse edges;

— either wood screws, self-tapping screws or drilling screws made from aluminium or stainless steel with threads suitable for timber sub-constructions may be used as connecting elements;

— the diameter of the sealing washers shall be at least 16 mm, for cladding the diameter of the sealing washers shall be at least 10 mm. The vulcanised EPDM seal shall have a low Shore hardness and a thickness of minimum 3 mm;

— potential distortion of the timber sub-construction (for example, with coupled purlins) shall be taken into account via constructive measures.

For attachment of the profiled sheeting, continuous steel parts (e.g. flat steel of at least 8 mm thickness, fastening rails or cold-formed profiles) adequately anchored, shall be installed or post installed anchors, dowels or screws complying with European Standards or European Technical Assessments shall be used.

The steel parts including their anchoring shall be installed at least flush with the top edge of the concrete. The supporting surfaces for the profiled sheeting shall have the same pitch as the profiled sheeting and there shall not be any interference from screws, rivets, butt straps, top flange plates, push pads or butt plates.

The steel parts shall be adequately protected against corrosion.

The longitudinal edges of profiled sheeting shall be joined together within the laying area or stiffened by means of an edge stiffener as specified in Annex A.

Connection type and spacing shall be adequate to draw together overlapping sheets.

Side laps of profiled sheeting of the exposed surface of a roof should be fastened according to the recommendations of the manufacturer of the structural aluminium components.

Self-tapping or self-drilling screws, with sealing washers and elastomer seals, or blind rivets may be used to connect profiled sheeting together according to the provisions of the relevant ETAs. If the profiled sheeting are used as the supporting skin of multi-skin roofs not exposed to the weather, the sealing washers may be omitted or non-sealing blind rivets may be used.

Side lapping fasteners shall comply with the following distances eL:

The connection of the longitudinal edge may be dispensed with, if two ribs are overlapped at the longitudinal edge or in the case of single rib overlap, the following conditions are fulfilled at the same time:

a) the load-bearing capacity is utilized to a maximum of 80 %;

b) the deflection is not greater than l/200;

c) the profiled sheeting are not installed in a diaphragm;

d) the profiled sheeting has more than five ribs;

e) the profiled sheeting form the outer shell of a multi-layered construction;

f) the profiled sheeting are only walked on with load-distributing measures;

g) the last rib below is fully formed.

If conditions a) to e) are met for double-skin wall systems and for wall cladding, the connection of the longitudinal edge can also be dispensed with.

Distances from the edge and field spacings shall be specified in the installation specification. Distances from edge and spacings of fasteners see EN 1999‑1‑4.

Generally, for flange widths of bU > 265 mm a minimum of two fasteners per flange and support are required. Only the fasteners within 75 mm of the web should be considered in the design. Flanges width of bU ≤ 265 mm may be attached with a minimum of one fastener, or more if specified in the installation specification.

This clause gives requirements for installation and other work undertaken on site of profiled sheeting, if not otherwise specified. For the installation and other work undertaken on site EN 1090‑3 shall apply.

Work carried out on site which includes preparation, welding, mechanical fastening and surface treatment shall comply with the Clauses 6, 7, 8 and 10 respectively.

Inspection and acceptance of the structure shall be performed in accordance with the requirements specified in Clause 12.

Installation shall not commence until the site for the construction works complies with the technical requirements with respect to the safety of the works, which shall consider such of the following items as are relevant:

a) provision and maintenance of hard standing for cranes and access equipment;

b) access routes to the site and within the site;

c) soil conditions affecting the safe operation of plant;

d) possible settlement of installation supports for the structure;

e) details of underground services, overhead cables or site obstructions;

f) limitations on dimensions or weights of components that can be delivered onto the site;

g) special environmental and climatic conditions on and around the site;

h) particulars of adjacent structures affecting or affected by the works.

Access routes to the site and within the site should be given on a site plan showing dimensions and level of access routes, level of the prepared working area for site traffic and plant, and areas available for storage.

If the works are inter-linked with other trades, technical requirements with respect to the safety of the works shall be checked for consistency with those for other parts of the construction works. This check shall consider such of the following items as are relevant:

a) prearranged procedures for co-operation with other contractors;

b) iavailability of site services;

c) maximum construction and storage loads permitted on the framework;

d) control of concrete placement during composite construction.

Installation may only be undertaken by companies that possess the necessary specialist knowledge and experience and can demonstrate they employ sufficient experienced personnel. The provisions of 4.2.2 shall apply.

Before starting the installation works, the preceding works shall be checked with respect to the prerequisites necessary for the installation. If there are defects in the preceding works that interfere with installation, those defects shall be reported in writing to the client and the client insures that appropriate corrective actions are made if necessary.

Layout drawings (see 4.1.6) shall be available at the construction site and shall be followed during installation. Any changes shall be approved in writing by the responsible entity for the installation specification (see 4.1.3).

Proper tools shall be used. The recommendations of the manufacturers shall be followed.

The necessary protective devices and fall protection shall be installed before starting the installation works. The technical requirements with respect to the safety of the works apply. Without load-dispersal measures, the profiled sheeting may only be walked on up to the permitted spans given in the installation specification. For roofs access is strictly only for the purpose of maintaining and cleaning them.

The setting-down places for the stacks of profiled sheeting shown on the layout drawings shall be adhered to.

Installation works shall cease if the weather conditions are not appropriate, e.g. wind is squally or strong.

Immediately after laying, each individual profiled sheet shall be attached to the substructure to prevent it from moving and joined to the adjacent profiled sheet or the edge construction via the overlaps at the sides. After laying, cantilever profiled sheeting shall be secured against lifting without delay because of the risk of accidents (overturning). When producing cut-outs in roofs, fall protection shall be used and the cut-outs then secured to prevent anyone falling through them. Once bundles have been lifted up on sloping surfaces, all sheets shall be secured to prevent them sliding.

If the installation works are interrupted, all sheets shall be secured against storms and the occurrence of wind loads that are possibly higher than in the installed state, or against sliding. This shall also apply to partly used stacks.

After delivery to site the products shall be checked for completeness, packaging or transportation damage and to ensure the labelling is complete.

Defects and shortages shall be reported in writing immediately to the supplier and appropriate action taken.

The product shall be stored in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations or the recommendations of manufacturer’s associations if specified.

Storage of structural aluminium elements shall be carried out in such a way that condensation is avoided within the stack, e.g. by storing it in a covered storage area that shall not be humid or hot, or subjected to frequent temperature changes.

Outdoor short-term storage is possible if suitable measures are taken to protect the profiled sheeting against rainwater and splashes. The cover shall be air-permeable and firmly secured in case of wind. Contact with all substances that might influence the surfaces of the structural aluminium elements (e.g. soil, sand, gravel, mortar, concrete, or standing or flowing water) shall be avoided, even for short periods.

Storage areas shall be prepared and kept dry.

When storing stacks of metallic coated structural aluminium elements, transport packaging (e.g. stretch or shrink wrap) shall be removed immediately.

Damaged structural members and profiled sheeting and/or structural connecting devices (e.g. products with buckles, cracks, kinks, indentations or folds, damaged corrosion protection) shall only be installed or left in place (after installation) if it is verified that sufficient load-bearing capacity, serviceability and durability is still available.

Suitable equipment for the safe unloading of products on site shall be utilized. Equipment shall be assessed for suitability of intended purpose. At least, protection specific gloves and safety helmet are necessary.

Structural members and profiled sheeting shall be packed, handled and transported in a safe manner, so that permanent deformation does not occur and surface damage is minimized. Handling and storage preventive measures shall be applied as appropriate.

Special lifting equipment where available for structural members and profiled sheeting that is adapted to shape of the profile should be used when using cranes during installation.

The product shall be installed following the installation specifications in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations or the recommendations of manufacturer’s associations if specified.

Trimmers at openings in profiled sheeting shall be installed immediately following the cutting out of every opening or before. The openings shall be secured to avoid the risk of falling.

With roof and wall constructions that are visible after installation, the direction of lay of the individual profiled sheet to each other shall be the same because surfaces have different appearances when viewed from different angles. For curved systems, the specification of the manufacturer of the curved system shall be followed.

NOTE If member states define dominant directions of wind, these directions can be taken into account for the direction of lay.

The geometry of the structural members and profiled sheeting shall not be altered as a result of the installation.

Loose-lying objects shall be cleared from the construction work; in particular, swarf from drilling operations shall be removed carefully.

All dust, dirt and other soiling caused during installation shall be cleaned off. It should be removed before it dries, if possible.

Protective film wraps shall be removed in accordance with the producer’s instructions. With profiled sheeting, the protective film wraps in the overlapping areas of the side and end laps and in the area of the attachments shall be removed before the start of the installation.

When installing profiled sheeting using suction cross-beams, protective film wraps shall be removed before using the suckers.

An inspection should be undertaken directly after completion of the installation works, but particularly before the start of the subsequent works (e.g. roof sealing works, works on outdoor installations etc.), if necessary even on sections of the roof or wall area. If this conflicts with contractual agreements, a joint inspection shall be carried out by mutual agreement and an inspection report prepared.

Diaphragms and moment-resisting connections, especially the joints, shall be inspected to ensure proper and appropriate installation. This inspection shall be carried out jointly with the local building site manager and countersigned.

It is necessary to mark the areas of the diaphragms (construction class I) in the envelope

— as “diaphragm“ on the layout drawing and

— with clearly visible, permanent warning signs on the finished construction (Figure 6).

The text on the sign shall indicate that the stability of the whole building will be at risk if alterations are subsequently undertaken to the diaphragms without static analysis.

Figure 6 — Example for a sign “Caution – diaphragm in roof”

The owner of the building shall be informed about size, position and significance of the diaphragm.

The lightning protection expert shall receive confirmation in writing from the company that installed the roof regarding the suitability of the roof as a “natural element of the lightning protection system” (see 5.14). He can then attach the necessary leads to the metal terminals, which shall also be tested to EN 62561‑1, and thus connect the “natural lightning conductor metal roof” to earth. The same shall apply analogously to the cladding. See EN 62305‑3:2011, 5.2.5 and 5.3.5.

Aluminium profile sheets are protected against corrosion under usual weather conditions in sea, country or industrial air by forming a natural oxide coating. In the case of applications where a particular corrosion stress occurs, e.g. in the immediate vicinity of operations that emit large quantities of aggressive substances (e.g. copper smelters, scrapyards for non-ferrous metals), the profile sheets shall also be protected by a suitable coating with a minimum nominal thickness of 25 µm. 10.2 provides criteria for the requirement of additional corrosion protection (see 5.2).

Precautions shall be taken to prevent galvanic corrosion produced by contact between different metallic materials, see Annex E. If insulation kits are to be used to avoid galvanic corrosion, full details of their use shall be specified.

Cleaning and maintenance shall be performed in accordance with the product manufacturer’s recommendations.

Organic coated products should not be subject to scratching or excessive rubbing and foot traffic. Masonry works, pargetting, concreting, plastering, stonework, tiling and similar works should have been completed in order to avoid the effect of splashes of lime, mortar, concrete or cement on the surfaces. Especially during setting, these building materials are alkaline and attack uncoated surfaces and, depending on the lacquer used, possibly coated surfaces. Alternatively, the surfaces shall be covered for protection.

Splashes of lime, mortar, concrete or cement shall be rinsed off immediately using lots of water. If exposure is more prolonged, slight etching of the uncoated or coated surface will result.

Reactions detrimental to the surface are no longer expected after careful rinsing. However, any visual defects will remain.

Visual defects and mechanical surface damage can be rectified, either by replacement or painting on site as part of a corrosion protection system. Where parts are replaced or repainted, there is the risk that the colour shade will differ from that of the parts that are not replaced or repainted. This shall be taken into account when considering replacement or repainting.

The adverse visual appearance shall be carefully evaluated on a case-by-case basis because although it does not affect the functionality it could have a marked detrimental effect on the decorative appearance of the façade or the roof as a result of the differences in colour shade that are to be expected.

Contact of coated elements with acids or alkalis shall be avoided. If there is contact, however, cleaning treatment shall be carried out immediately using lots of water.

The exterior surfaces of outer walls, exterior wall cladding, ceilings and roofs shall remain accessible for maintenance work. Depending on the local conditions and requirements, accessibility shall be possible e.g. by means of ladders, tower scaffolds, or permanently installed, free-hanging or mobile working platforms. Plans shall be made at the design stage for the constructional requirements for the chosen type of cleaning and maintenance, such as scaffold anchors.

The values of the tolerances of the profiled sheeting are given in this standard in Annex D. These are manufacturing tolerances. It is not permitted to change the load bearing capacity of the product by deforming while erecting.

These values may be too large if greater demands are made on the construction works. Tighter tolerances might be possible, if agreed between manufacturer and customer.

This clause defines the types of geometrical deviations and gives quantitative values for two types of permitted deviations:

a) those applicable for a range of criteria that are essential for the mechanical resistance and stability of parts or of the completed structure, called essential tolerances;

b) those required to fulfil other criteria such as fit-up and appearance, called functional tolerances.

Essential tolerances and functional tolerances are both normative.

NOTE The permitted deviations given do not include elastic deformations induced by the self-weight of the components.

In addition, special tolerances may be specified either for geometrical deviations already defined with quantitative values or for other types of geometrical deviations. If special tolerances are required the following information shall be given as appropriate:

— amended values for functional tolerances already defined;

— defined parameters and permitted values for the geometrical deviations to be controlled;

— whether these special tolerances apply to all relevant components or only to particular components that are specified.

In each case, the requirements are for final acceptance testing. If fabricated components are to form parts of a structure that is to be erected on site, the tolerances specified for the final checking of the erected structure (given in the design specifications) shall be met in addition to those for the fabricated components.

Essential tolerances shall be in accordance with Annex D. The values specified are permitted deviations. If the actual deviation exceeds the permitted value, the measured value shall be dealt with as a nonconformity according to Clause 12.

In some cases, there is a possibility that the uncorrected deviation of an essential tolerance can be justified in accordance with the structural design when the excess deviation is included explicitly in a recalculation. If not, the nonconformity shall be corrected.

Cold-formed profiled sheeting

Cold-formed profiled sheeting shall conform to the permitted deviations in Table D.1.

Cold-formed members

Cold-formed members shall conform to the permitted deviations in Table D.2.

Extruded members

Extruded members shall conform to the permitted deviations in EN 755‑7:2016, EN 755‑8:2016 and EN 755‑9:2016.

Holes

Holes in cold-formed profiled sheeting shall conform to the permitted deviations in D.1.

Other holes shall conform to EN 1090‑3.

Installation tolerances for structural members shall correspond to the erection tolerances in EN 1090‑3 unless tighter tolerances are agreed, see also 11.1.

The laying of the profiled sheeting shall not change the structural behaviour of the profiled sheeting.

Tabulated values for profiled sheeting for functional tolerances are given in Table D.1 The execution specification shall specify the tolerance class applicable to individual components or selected parts of an erected structure.

This clause specifies the requirements for inspection and testing with respect to the quality requirements included in the installation quality documentation (see 4.2.2) as relevant.

Inspection, testing and corrections shall be undertaken on the works against the specification and within the quality requirements set out in this European Standard.

All inspection and testing shall be undertaken to a predetermined plan with documented procedures. Specific inspection testing and associated corrections shall be documented.

Checks shall be made to see whether the structural members and profiled sheeting comply with the data given in the shipment documents and installation specifications.

NOTE This applies to profiles, profiled sheeting, mechanical fasteners etc.

If the packaged unit containing structural elements (members, profiled sheeting) does not have a label that complies with 5.2, the products shall be treated as non-conforming products until it can be shown that they fulfil the requirements for the intended application, e.g. by delivering the missing documents. A test report shall be issued if products are first treated as non-conforming but their conformity can subsequently be demonstrated, either by testing or repeating a test.

The factory production control shall consider the requirements and the checks necessary on structural profiled sheeting. Dimensional measurements of structural profiled sheeting shall always be taken. Methods and instruments used shall be selected, as appropriate, from those listed in ISO 7976‑1 and ISO 7976‑2 and calibrated according to EN ISO 376:2011. For special profile pre-shaped elements that respect the shape of the profile, shall be done to check the profile. Measuring accuracy shall be assessed in accordance with the relevant part of ISO 17123.

For holes, others than punched, of metric screws the provisions of EN 1090‑3 shall apply.

The acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with 11.3. The deviations shall be measured with respect to any specified camber or preset. If acceptance inspection results in the identification of nonconformity, the action on such nonconformity shall be as follows:

a) if practicable, the nonconformity shall be corrected using methods that are in accordance with this European Standard and checked again;

b) if correction is not practicable, modifications to the structural aluminium component may be made to compensate for the nonconformity provided that this is in accordance with a procedure for handling nonconformities.

For profiled sheeting the location and frequency of measurements shall be specified in the factory production control and shall contain the following:

a) At every change of material (e.g. grade, coil) or new shift

— the depth of the profile; on the middle rib on a profiled sheet with three ribs, on the middle rib on a profiled sheet with more ribs, and on an edge rib;

— the cover width at both ends of the profiled sheet;

b) bat every change of profile

— the depth of the profile; on the middle rib on a profiled sheet with three ribs, on the middle rib on a profiled sheet with more ribs, and on an edge rib;

— the cover width at both ends of the profiled sheet;

c) cat every change of sheet thickness

— the sheet thickness;

— the cover width at both ends of the profiled sheet;

d) twice per calendar year for every finished profile

— the internal radii;

— the stiffeners in the flanges and webs.

It is necessary to measure the sheet thickness of each coil after delivery. This should become part of the documentation.

For welded joints at the construction site, see [7]. The weld seam tightness shall be checked by visual inspection.

If using self-tapping and self-drilling screws, checks on site shall be done as required in the relevant EADs and/or in the relevant standards and/or the fastener manufacturer’s recommendations.The replacement of rivets or screws shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation, and other relevant documents. These can need to be of a larger diameter to ensure a secure fixing in a pre-formed hole.

If using blind rivets, checks on site shall be done as required in the relevant EADs and the fastener manufacturer's recommendations.

Holes with burred edges that would adversely affect the drawing together of the connected parts shall be treated as nonconforming until such time as they are rectified.

Connections with blind rivets shall be inspected to ensure that the upset at the blind end of the rivet is not formed between the overlapping sheets. Such connections shall be treated as nonconforming. The spoilt rivet shall be removed and replaced.

If the spoilt rivet is removed with a drill of larger diameter than used to form the original hole the replacement rivet shall be suitable for the hole size created.

This clause specifies requirements for deconstruction of lightweight metal constructions made of profiled sheeting, if not otherwise specified.

In general, the provisions given in Clause 9 also apply for deconstruction.

Deconstructing profiled sheeting on roofs and walls requires careful planning, safety precautions, and proper equipment to ensure a smooth and secure process. Professionals who have experience in working with profiled sheeting and building structures shall do the deconstruction work.

The following points shall be observed:

— Safety

Safety shall be prioritized at all times. Everyone involved in the deconstruction process shall wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including hard hats, safety goggles, gloves, and steel-toed boots (see also 9.7).

— Assessment and planning

A thorough assessment of the site shall be conducted, considering factors such as weather conditions, structural integrity of the building, and potential hazards. The deconstruction process shall be planned accordingly, taking into account the size of the sheets, access points, and disposal methods for removed materials.

— Equipment

Necessary tools and equipment, including, scaffolding, cutting tools, safety harnesses, ropes, and containers for debris shall be planned.

— Disconnection of utilities

If the profiled sheeting is connected to any utilities (e.g. electrical, plumbing), it has to be ensured that they are safely disconnected before starting the deconstruction process.

— Safeguarding of work area

Safety barriers around the work site are necessary to prevent unauthorized access and protect bystanders from falling debris.

— Direction of deconstruction

When deconstructing profiled sheeting on both roofs and walls, the start of the process shall be at the highest point and worked downward. This prevents debris from accumulating above the working area.

— Safe Access

Proper equipment e.g. scaffolding to provide safe access to the work area shall be used. It shall be ensured that the equipment is stable and securely positioned (see also 9.7).

— Sectional Removal

If necessary, profiled sheeting can be cut into manageable sections for removal. Large sections could become unstable and dangerous to handle.

— Cutting Techniques

Manufacturer guidelines and best practices for tool usage shall be followed (see also 6.4). Cutting along designated lines to avoid damaging underlying structures is recommended.

— Controlled Deconstruction

Fasteners (see Clause 8) shall be removed carefully to avoid damaging adjacent sheets or the underlying structure. Controlled force shall be used to detach the profiled sheeting and guide it down to the ground.

— Debris Management

Designated containers or areas for collecting and sorting removed debris are recommended. Recyclable materials shall be separated from waste. Materials shall be disposed of.

NOTE 1 Attention is drawn to local regulations that can apply regarding the disposal of material.

— Fall Protection

If working at heights, proper fall protection measures shall be in place, such as safety harnesses and anchors. Appropriate fall prevention systems shall always be used (see also 9.7).

— Work in Teams

At least two workers shall be involved in the deconstruction process – one performing the removal and the other assisting with safety measures and debris management.

— Communication

Clear communication among team members is necessary to coordinate actions and to ensure everyone's safety during the deconstruction process.

— Regular Inspections

Periodic inspections of the remaining structure is necessary for any signs of instability or weakness caused by the removal of profiled sheeting. Reinforcement or bracing areas can be necessary.

— Weather Considerations

Weather conditions shall be recognized, especially wind, which can affect the stability of the sheets during removal.

— Documentation

The deconstruction process shall be documented with photos or notes, especially if it is necessary to refer back to the process in the future.

NOTE Safety is paramount during every step of the deconstruction process. Attention is drawn to local regulations, industry best practices, and manufacturer guidelines for the tools and materials being used.

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Basic requirements for profiled sheeting
   1. General

This annex contains basic requirements for profiled sheeting, if not otherwise specified. This annex does not cover composite metal decks.

Figure A.1 shows the basic structure of a trapezoidal sheet.

Key

Figure A.1 — Basic structure of a trapezoidal sheet

• 1. Supporting members

Supporting members shall be made of steel, corrosion protected steel, stainless steel, aluminium, timber, concrete or masonry.

• 1. Edges of laying area
     1. Longitudinal edge stiffeners

Edge stiffening plates can be implemented as one or two pieces as in Figure A.2. Sheet thickness of edge stiffening plates is given in 5.5.2.

Dimensions in millimetres

a) Attachment of profiled sheeting at longitudinal overlap (eL see 8.5)	b) Edge stiffening using edge stiffening profile
c) Edge stiffening support made from steel, concrete or timber	d) Attachment of longitudinal edge with a continuous steel or timber profile attached to the wall

Figure A.2 — Examples of edge stiffeners

• • 1. Weakening of the cross section

Without verification, localized weakening of the cross section of the profiled sheet, e.g. due to mechanical attachment of thermal insulation or to suspensions for installations, shall only be permitted under the following conditions:

a) Hole diameter dn ≤ 10 mm

b) Hole diameter dn ≤ 4 mm

• • 1. Reinforcements and double layers

The load-bearing capacity of trapezoidal and sinusoidal profiled sheeting or liner trays may be increased by use of reinforcing profiles e.g. by means of additional structural members and profiled sheeting or overlap of side laps and ribs. Trapezoidal and sinusoidal profiled sheeting can also be reinforced by means of double layers. Double layer means the longitudinal complete overlap of two sheets,

Reinforcing profiles shall be installed in such a way that the existing profile geometry of the profiled sheeting is not altered – not even at the points where it is attached to the supporting member.

In the case of double layers, the cross-sectional and design values for each layer may be fully utilized if provision is made to support the bottom flange of the upper layer. If profiles sheets’ geometry causes a gap between the sheets, the gap can be filled by inserting metal strips in the bottom flange of the lower layer (Figure A.3). The metal strips shall be arranged above the support and at least once in the field and fixed in place (e.g. by adhesive bonding). The position and number of metal strips shall be taken into account when determining the internal forces for the whole system. A composite diaphragm shall not be used. The length of the spacing strip shall be used as the width of the support of the upper layer in the structural analysis.

NOTE Reinforcement layers are only necessary if required by the design e.g. if coupling bars have been inserted in the static model or if the full support reactions of both profiles are applied to the supports.

Key

Figure A.3 — Double layers

The side laps of the lower layer shall be connected by rivets or screws in accordance with 8.2 and 8.3.

• • 1. Avoidance of ice damming

Ice damming can be avoided if suitable measures are taken at the planning stage, such as:

a) avoid roof overhangs or at least insulate them;

b) avoid shadows on roofs or use heating:

c) equip areas that are at risk with roof heating;

d) install a watertight roof supporting member up to 3 m inwards from the roof and connect this to the gutter;

e) do not have the flow direction / roof pitch in the cold areas of the roof;

f) heat the gutters, especially interior constructions;

g) avoid bends in downpipes;

h) keep drains free, maintain gutters and downpipes;

i) run gutter heating into the downpipes and down as far as the area where the ground is frost-free;

j) consider the risk of rupture with hanging gutters;

k) keep snow distributed over the roof (lots of individual snow stoppers instead of fewer linear constructions);

l) connect the vapour barrier to the gutter and use as an emergency drain;

m) protect fall arrest systems, walkways and other obstacles against the accumulation of snow and ice by means of snow guards;

n) minimize or completely avoid thermal bridges;

o) avoid large differences in heat insulation factors.

The planner shall check whether individual measures suffice or whether several need to be combined to be adequately effective.

• 1. Building physics requirements
     1. General

The necessary analyses and detailing for thermal insulation, moisture protection, noise control and fire protection shall be carried out taking the combined effect of all building materials and elements of the respective system into consideration as specified in the relevant provisions.

• • 1. Water permeability

A complete assembly of all roof and wall systems shall be water impermeable (resistant to driving rain or drifting snow), i.e. the assembly that is to be installed in a building, including the product and its coatings, factory applied seals, standard joints, site applied seals, representative flashings, and a method of fixing.

When correctly manufactured and if satisfying an appropriate visual inspection the profiled sheeting may be impermeable to water. The water permeability of the assembly is a function of its installation, the length of the roof (height of water), and the pitch of the roof and is only relevant to the joints and fixings.

• • 1. Thermal insulation

Thermal bridges shall be minimized.

• • 1. Avoidance of condensation / moisture protection
       1. General

The heat-transmitting envelope of the building shall be permanently impermeable to air in accordance with the state of the art.

Under normal conditions a vapour barrier layer with a water vapour diffusion equivalent air layer thickness sd ≥ 100 m should be created to prevent water vapour from moist air diffusing into the roof construction or the wall construction.

When using profiled sheeting for thermally insulated roofs and walls, proof of adequate protection against condensation shall be provided in each individual case. In doing so, consideration shall be given to vapour diffusion and the movement of air. The movement of air in or through the roof or the walls and subsequent condensation as a result of the temperature falling below the dew point shall be prevented.

A vapour barrier layer with a water vapour diffusion equivalent air layer thickness sd ≥ 100 m shall be installed to prevent water vapour from moist air diffusing into the roof construction or the wall construction.

• • • 1. Measures against convection

If an airtight layer (“convection barrier”) is required, then it shall be installed to prevent the movement of warm air into the roof construction or the wall construction. It is important that this layer has a large resistance against convection, i.e. there are no holes or cracks, and that it is permanently and carefully connected to its overlap connections and joined to adjacent elements (e.g. by adhesive bonding, thermal or pressure welding, or flange-mounting).

As a rule, this condition is fulfilled for roofs or walls with a convection barrier made of:

— plastic membranes that are hot-air welded or bonded by thermosetting;

— bitumen membranes that are bitumen bonded or torched-on;

— foil that is bonded throughout with suitable age-resistant adhesive tape. A fold in the adhesive seam of the foil on laying is not allowed;

— profiled sheeting if the side and end laps are sealed throughout with suitable age-resistant sealant strips. Edge connections, openings and penetrations should be treated accordingly.

NOTE A double-skin non-ventilated roof will have adequate air impermeability if, on average, there are not more than five thread-forming screws, closed-end blind rivets or tri-fold blind rivets with gaskets or other verifiably tight connections per square metre that penetrate the layer on top of or adjacent to the inner skin.

• • 1. Airborne sound insulation (Rw)

Where required, the airborne sound insulation of a roof or wall construction can be taken from results of tested constructions or can be determined by testing according to the EN ISO 10140 series. The result shall be declared as a single value Rw rating to EN ISO 717‑1:2020.

• • 1. Sound absorption (αw)

Where required, the sound absorption of a roof or wall construction can be taken from results of tested constructions or can be determined by testing according to EN ISO 354. The result shall be declared as αw rating to EN ISO 11654:1997.

• • 1. Protection against lightning

Metal roof coverings are suitable for use as natural elements of a lightning protection system as specified in EN 62305‑3.

According to EN 62305‑3 a metal roof can be used as a “natural arrester” if certain prerequisites (see EN 62305‑3:2011, 10, 5.2.5, Table 3) are fulfilled. It shall arrest the lightning and direct it to the connection points of the conductors, through which it is earthed. The individual roof elements shall be connected together in such a way that the lightning current can be directed to the connection points of the conductors and thus safely to the earthing system. The metal roof shall be electrically connected to earth in a safe manner. It shall be carried out professionally, i.e. as specified in the technical rules to be adopted, and connected to its supporting member in a structurally sound manner. It shall be inspected after every lightning strike and possibly repaired.

The following approach is possible when evaluating a metal roof as an arrester.

The verification of suitability of a metal roof as an arrester is given in the following cases:

a) The roof is made of bare metal (aluminium, alloy galvanized steel) or possibly other materials as specified in EN 62305‑3.

b) The roof is made of coated metal and the individual parts are joined together using screws or rivets, or by welding or brazing. If the connections are bare, a) applies.

c) The roof is made of coated metal and the individual parts are not screwed or riveted, welded or brazed, but folded, clamped, pressed, crimped, pushed into each other or laid on top of each other. Then the installer of the roof shall produce a test report based on EN 62305‑3 which shows that the roof is suitable as a “natural arrester”.

• 1. Roof drainage

Roof areas should have a continuous downward pitch to the water drain. Local roof areas without any slope (pitch = 0°) necessitate special measures, e.g. arrangement of the drains at the points of maximum deflection. Where possible blockage of the drains can lead to flooding of the roof area, emergency drains (see the EN 12056 series) should be envisaged at the side of the roof.

In accordance with Table A.1, the roof pitch can be as small as 2,9-10 degree if, in accordance with the state of the art, additional sealing measures are adopted.

Key

Figure A.4 — End lap – roof covering

For roof coverings with profiled sheeting, the minimum roof pitch shall not be less than 1,5°.

The overlapping of the end lap shall always be chosen as a function of the roof pitch (see Figure A.4). Recommendations are given in Table A.1.

Table A.1 — Recommended minimum overlapping lengths

The minimum roof pitch is not applicable (locally) to the ridge area if, in the areas with pitches less than or equal to 2,9° (5,1 %) (e.g. curved roofs), the roof elements are not connected along the ridge between the eaves.

In addition, reference is made to EN 12056‑1 and EN 12056‑3.

Overlapping around openings are also covered by this clause.

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Additional design requirements for profiled sheeting
   1. General

This Annex concerns provisions which the designer shall take into account, if not otherwise specified, and which are not yet included in EN 1999‑1‑4.

This Annex does not cover composite metal decks.

Actions of the structural members and profiled sheeting shall be taken into account when supporting members are designed. The effect of continuity on the support reaction can be ignored for continuous loads if the profiled sheeting spans more than two spans and the spans do not differ from each other by more than 20 %.

Water ponding should be avoided (see also A.5). If water ponding is possible (e.g. roof pitches smaller 2 % and a unfavourable drainage arrangement), the action “water ponding” should be considered as follows: Permanent load and in addition the load in the water pond as a result of the deflection of the profiled sheeting due to this action combination.

If thermal expansion of the profiled sheets cannot take place largely without constraint due to the flexibility of the substructure, large holes shall be arranged or movable connecting elements (e.g. sliding sets) shall be used. This includes a clear definition of fixed and sliding points. A length variation of ± 0,5 mm per metre of panel length is to be assumed under Central European weather conditions.

• 1. Serviceability

It is possible to have a connection in the top or bottom flange of the trapezoidal or sinusoidal profiled sheeting.

When selecting the supporting member (e.g. material, thickness), consideration shall be given to the requirements of the fasteners.

If not otherwise specified, the deflections of profiled sheeting shall be limited depending on the field of application:

for roofs subjected to gravity loading

• 1. Dimensions, widths of supports
     1. General

The required widths of the supports are obtained by determining the load-bearing capacity by calculation or testing. For correct execution during erection minimum support width are given in Table B.1.In case of installation on narrow supports, e.g. tubes, special execution provisions shall be taken into account to reduce the values in Table B.1.

During installation, if the profiled sheeting is not attached to the supporting member immediately after laying, the width of the support including overlapping shall be at least 80 mm for safety reasons.

The minimum support width shall be calculated based on design rules or testing according to EN 1999‑1‑4.

Table B.1 — Minimum support widths

• • 1. Supporting members made of metal (steel / aluminium)

In the case of asymmetrical supporting members made of metal, consideration shall be given to reductions in the loading of the connection that may be necessary (see B.4 and the European Technical Assessments for the fasteners).

EN 1999‑1‑4 shall apply.

• • 1. Supporting members made of timber

The EN 1995‑1 series shall apply.

Trapezoidal and sinusoidal profiles can be fastened in crown and valley.

• • 1. Supports made of concrete or masonry

In the case of these supports, adequately anchored, continuous elements to which the profiled sheeting can be connected, e.g. anchor bodies or fastening rails, preferably made of steel, shall be installed. Built-in parts made of flat steel shall have a thickness of at least 8 mm (see also 8.4.6 and Figure B.1).

If the width of the supports is more than 10 % of the calculated span, the supports shall be installed so that they protrude above the concrete surface, in accordance with the deflection curve of the profiled sheeting.

In exceptional cases, e.g. for refurbishment of an old building, where there is no supporting component, the profiled sheeting may be attached directly to the supporting member. If the formation of condensation cannot be ruled out, direct contact with a support made of concrete shall be avoided.

Dimensions in millimetres

a) Connection with attachment rail embedded flush with top face of concrete support	b) Connection with protruding attachment rail embedded in concrete support
c) Connection with flat steel bar flush with top face of concrete	d) Attachment with hat-shaped profile anchored in the support
	Key
	1	steel plate, thickness not less than 8 mm
	2	embedded steel attachment rail
	3	trapezoidal profiled sheeting
	4	anchorage
	5	rigid foam, timber, or similar material
	6	concrete, reinforced concrete or pre-stressed concrete
e) Direct connection flush with top edge of concrete (refurbishment of an old building)

Figure B.1 — Examples of support design

• • 1. Shear forces / fixed points

When dimensioning the supporting member, consideration shall be given to the transfer of shear and normal forces acting in the roof plane by the profiled sheeting. Forces designed to result from roof shear can only be transferred via the attachment in the valley of the profiled sheet. Where the attachment is via the top flange, the shear forces shall be absorbed e.g. by a special fixed point. When detailing fixed points, the structural members and profiled sheeting and the supporting member concerned shall be designed and detailed for the respective shear forces.

Thermal elongation of profiled sheeting has to be taken into account by

— proof that the thermal elongation will not cause any damage; or

— the construction allows free movement of profiled sheeting and the definition of a fixed point.

• 1. Stiffening of liner trays

For achieving full load-bearing capacity the narrow flanges of liner trays shall be stabilized:

— Stabilization of the narrow flanges of the liner trays is achieved by connecting them directly to the adjacent external skin or indirectly via the connection of individual profiles (intermediate profiles, spacer profiles).

— It is necessary to adequately dimension the connections and the external skin under conditions of wind suction loading, whereby only the fasteners shall be used as points of support in each case.

— Unless a more precise analysis has been carried out, the spacing of the connections between the outer or upper skin and the narrow flanges of the liner trays shall not be greater than the spacing investigated in the tests carried out as specified in EN 1999‑1‑4. The external skin is deemed to be directly adjacent even when there is a continuous intermediate layer (e.g. rigid thermal separating strips) with a maximum thickness, given by the relevant ETAs of the fasteners, positioned between the narrow flanges of the liner trays and the adjacent flanges of the external profiled sheeting.

If a greater thickness is necessary for the intermediate layer, the load-bearing capacity of the liner trays shall be verified.

In the case of an indirect connection of the external skin using spacer profiles, the stabilizing effect is transmitted via the individual spacer profiles. If the spacer profiles cannot be displaced in the longitudinal direction, thereby impeding the sideways movement of the narrow flanges of the liner trays, no demands shall be made on the external skin. Otherwise, it is necessary to have a rigid external skin or the analysis of the load-bearing capacity of the liner trays shall be carried out using unstiffened flanges.

• 1. Walkability
     1. Walkability during installation

During installation, i.e. not finally fixed, the profiled sheeting may only be walked on in order to install the roof.

Profiled sheeting may only be walked on if load-dispersal measures are adopted (e.g. wooden planks in accordance with strength class C24 with a cross-section of 4 × 24 cm and a length greater than 3,0 m).

If appropriate tests have been carried out, the load-dispersal measures can be abdicated.

• • 1. Walkability and access after installation

After installation, the profiled sheeting may only be walked on for maintenance and cleaning of the profiled sheeting.

Profiled sheeting may only be walked on if load-dispersal measures are adopted (e.g. wooden planks in accordance with strength class C24 with a cross-section of 4 × 24 cm and a length greater than 3,0 m). If the existing span does not exceed the limiting value Llim determined in tests according to B.5.3, one may forego load-dispersal measures. With profiled sheeting that is laid as multi-span supports, the existing limiting value Llim may be up to 25 % larger than the limiting values determined in single span tests even without load-dispersal measures.

For access it is advisable to install walkways to units requiring regular maintenance or operational elements (e.g. continuous roof lights, chimneys, heating plants, photovoltaic).

• • 1. Test “Walkability”

Profiled sheeting shall be deemed to be safe to bear a single person during installation or after installation for maintenance and cleaning of the profiled sheeting if load-dispersal measures will not be used. Individuals can walk on a profiled sheeting up to that span at which the assessment criteria in Table B.2 are fulfilled.

Table B.2 — Assessment criteria for walkability

	Loading pattern	Loading F in kN	Assessment criterion
Middle loading		1,2 2,0	significant permanent deformation failure load

A concentrated quasi-static loading shall be applied, in the direction of gravity, via a 100 mm x 150 mm area, with the longer side of the area parallel to the direction of span. In order to prevent any stress concentrations, loading shall be via a soft layer of about 10 mm in thickness, e.g. via a felt pad.

The test sheet shall be placed on flat rails not less than 40 mm wide.

The failure load here is the maximum load measured in the test without taking deformation into account. A significant permanent deformation is taken to be 3 mm. There is sudden failure without significant overall deformation if failure occurs before a deflection of 1/100 of the span. The minimum number of tests are defined in Table B.3

Table B.3 — Minimum number of tests

The span Llim, which allows a single person to walk on the trapezoidal sheet is the smallest of the spans Llim,test resulting from loading at the edges or in the middle corrected with respect to 0,2 % proof stress and sheet thickness (a statistical treatment is not carried out).

but (B.1)

where

If the failure load excesses the required load according to Table B.2, the adjustment may (partially) applied to the load:

but (B.2)

For sheet thicknesses that are not tested, this span may be determined by interpolation or extrapolation:

— the smallest applied sheet thickness shall be tested

— linear interpolation between tested sheet thicknesses if the difference between the tested sheet thicknesses is not greater than 0,25 mm for t ≤ 1,0 mm or 0,5 mm for t > 1,00 mm

— linear extrapolation for larger sheet thicknesses.

• 1. Rotational restraint

Trapezoidal and sinusoidal profiled sheeting and liner trays can be used to stiffen the supporting member by means of a rotational restraint. In doing so, for aluminium trapezoidal profiles with superimposed loads, a characteristic value of the connection rigidity cϑ,A,k relating to a flange width b = 100 mm can be applied according to Table B.4 so long as no more accurate verification can be provided.

Table B.4 — Characteristic value of the connection rigidity cϑ,A,k of aluminium trapezoidal profiles with superimposed load relating to a flange width of b = 100 mm

• 1. Stressed skin design (diaphragms)

For the design of diaphragms made of structural profiled sheeting, EN 1999‑1‑4 applies.

• 1. Cantilevers

The unsupported end of cantilever profiled sheeting shall carry a load for access reasons (walkability and weight of person, for load values see the EN 1991 series) and shall be specified. A static calculation can verify the need of load dispersion. If necessary, the load shall be dispersed over a width of at least 1,0 m. If the static calculation shows that this load can only be carried by an additional transverse element, this element shall be connected to each profile rib to resist tension.

If the length of the cantilever is larger than L/10 or 300mm, a design according to EN 1999‑1‑4 is required.

Load dispersal can occur, for example, via angled sheet or timber planks (see Figure B.2).

Dimensions in millimetres

Key

Figure B.2 — Examples of cantilevers

• 1. Effective load width
     1. Effective load width for non-composite slabs under point or line loads

The load transmission width for composite slabs bm is defined in EN 1994‑1‑1:2004, 9.4.3.

Floors for which adequate load dispersal has not been verified shall only be required to sustain the load of lightweight partitions (in any position) in addition to the loading by imposed loads.

• • 1. Load dispersal by means of other structural members

lf load dispersal is affected, for example, by means of steel profiles, shaped steel sheet elements, timber planks, precast concrete slabs or similar elements, then structural adequacy of these is to be verified.

• 1. Openings in laying areas

Openings and penetrations in the surfaces of trapezoidal or corrugated profiles shall be considered in the verification of the structural safety and suitability for use and stipulated in the installation drawing. For openings in roofs and walls (e.g. for roof lights, roof drainage systems), framing shall always be carried out and static verifications provided as long as the following points are not applicable

The following applies for openings in single-skin roofs:

a) For single openings per sheet and field with a diameter or a side length of up to 150 mm verification is not necessary.

b) With several openings per panel and field with a diameter or side length of up to 150 mm verification is not necessary if the penetrating component is welded all-round. This does not apply for flexible pipe sleeves.

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure B.3 — Openings from 150 mm to 300 mm diameter or side length in a single-skin roof

The following applies for openings in the outer skins of multi-skin roofs (see Figure B.3 and B.4):

a) For single openings per sheet and field with a diameter or a side length of up to 150 mm verification is not necessary.

b) With several openings per panel and field with a diameter or side length of up to 150 mm verification is not necessary if the penetrating component is welded all-round. This does not apply for flexible pipe sleeves.

c) For other openings with a diameter or a side length from 150 to 300 mm the following applies: At all four sides of the opening the profile sheets of the outer skin shall be supported, for example with Z profiles on the inner supporting skin. The Z profiles shall be connected to both skins according to the static requirements. The inner supporting skin shall be statically verified or, where appropriate, constructively framed.

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure B.4 — Openings from 150 mm to 300 mm diameter or side length in the outer skin of a multi-skin roof

Framing profiles shall be installed in such a manner that the existing profile geometry of the trapezoidal sheets and liner trays is not altered, even at the fixing points on the sub-construction. Ensure that the corrosion protection is sufficient.

1. 
   (informative)
   
   Installation records

The installation records should document the state and progress of the installation works as well as all noteworthy incidents in the construction of the building. The installation records form an important part of the building files after completion of the works.

By agreement, the construction site management is obliged to keep daily installation records.

It is recommended to fill out the installation records daily by the operatives and signed by the construction manager.

The installation records should include, if not otherwise specified:

a) building project, interfaces between involved parties, start of work, deadlines;

b) if carried out in stages, also deadlines of stages;

c) building site manager and possible change of building site manager;

d) documentation of inspection of packaging and contents see 9.6;

e) date, weather;

f) number of craftsmen;

g) times of start and finish of the works / shifts;

h) interruptions and delays to the works and their cause;

i) machines and materials used;

j) meetings, with names / start and finish / signatures of participants;

k) topics covered at meetings as keywords with reference to minutes taken;

l) installation of elements that will no longer be accessible later and their acceptance;

m) actual or supposed defects and damage;

n) changes during the construction phases, the initiator and the reason for them;

o) receipt of drawings, amendments and corrections, and their approval;

p) exceptional incidents (such as heavy rain, storms or accidents).

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Geometrical tolerances
   1. General

Permitted deviations for essential and functional tolerances are given for cold-formed profiled sheeting if not otherwise specified.

The dimensional checks shall be carried out using suitable equipment having a sufficiently high accuracy.

• 1. Essential and functional manufacturing tolerances – Cold-formed profiled sheeting

Table D.1 — Essential and functional manufacturing tolerances — Cold-formed profiled sheeting

No	Criterion		Parameter		Permitted deviation Δ a
					(Dimensions in millimetres)
					Essential							Functional
1	Depth of profile:		h		h ≤ 50 ± 1,0 50 < h ≤ 100 ± 1,5 h > 100 ± 2,0							-
2	Depth of grooves / bends:		hr vs		+1			−1				-
3	Width of the top and bottom flanges:		b		+2 / −1							-
4	Cover width:			w			Trapezoidal profiles: h ≤ 50 ± 5,0 h > 50 ± 0,1 × h ≤ 15 Sinusoidal profiles: ±0,01 × w						-
5	Variation in cover width:			w3			(w1 + w2)/2 – tolerance ≤ w3  ≤ (w1 + w2)/2 + tolerance						-
6	Pitch of profile			bR			Trapezoidal profiles:
							h ≤ 50			±2,0
							50 < h ≤ 100			±3,0
							h > 100			±4,0
							Sinusoidal profiles:
									±3,0
7	Bend radius:			r			General: +2 ,0 Sinusoidal profiles ±10 %						-
8	Deviation from straightness:	δ				2,0 mm / m of sheet length, not more than 10 mm					-
9	Squareness	S									S ≤ 0,005 × w
10	Panel length:	l									L ≤ 3 000			+10 /-5
											L > 3 000			+20 /-5
11	Edge waviness of the side lap:	W									D ≤  ± 2,0 over a length of 500
12	Hole diameter	dn				dn ≤ ∅ 5 ± 0,2 dn > ∅ 5 + 0,2 / −0,4 In case of additional coating after profiling the measurement shall be done without additional coating					-
13	Hole pitch	ux				+2,0 / −1,0
	Offset	v				±2,0
	Row spacing	uy				±2,0
	Edge spacing	eg, es				The minimum values to be complied will be specified during type testing
	Total number of rows (transversal direction)					± 0 (The number shall be specified by the manufacturer during type testing) ±3 % (In case of completely perforated sheets)
	Total number of rows per meter (longitudinal direction)					±3 % (The number shall be specified by the manufacturer during type testing)
a If not explicitly mentioned, the permitted deviations are valid for all profile types.

• 1. Essential and functional manufacturing tolerances — Cold-formed members

Table D.2 — Essential and functional manufacturing tolerances press braked or folded members

No	Criterion	Parameter		Permitted deviation Δ
				(Dimensions in millimetres)
				Essential	Functional
					Class 1	Class 2
1	Internal element width:	Width A between bends:		−Δ = A/50 (no positive value given)
		t < 3 mm: Length < 7 m			Δ =  ± 3	Δ =  ± 2
		t < 3 mm: Length ≥ 7 m			Δ = −3 / +5	Δ = −2 / +4
		t ≥ 3 mm: Length < 7 m			Δ =  ± 5	Δ =  ± 3
		t ≥ 3 mm: Length ≥ 7 m			Δ = −5 / +9	Δ = −3 / +6
2	Outstand element width:	With BD between a bend and a free edge:		−Δ = BD/80 (no positive value given)
		Mill edge:	t < 3 mm		Δ =  ± 6	Δ = −2 / +4
		Mill edge:	t ≥ 3 mm		Δ =  ± 6	Δ = −3 / + 5
		Sheared edge:	t < 3 mm		Δ =  ± 5	Δ = −1 / +3
		Sheared edge:	t ≥ 3 mm		Δ =  ± 5	Δ = −2 / +4
3	Straightness for components to be used unrestrained:	Deviation δ from straightness		Δ =  ± L/750	–	–
4		Convexity or concavity		–	Δ =  ± D/50	Δ =  ± D/100
5		Internal bend radius R		–	Δ =  ± 2	Δ =  ± 1
6		Angle θ between adjacent components		–	Δ =  ± 3°	Δ =  ± 2°

NOTE BD is the width of flange — theoretical requirement used for static calculations

• 1. Essential manufacturing tolerances — Punched holes

Unless otherwise specified punched holes shall conform to the following (Figure D.1):

a) The height of the clean-cut surface hs shall be minimum 1/5 of the sheet thickness.

b) iThe hole clearance Δ2 shall not exceed 1/10 of the sheet thickness.

c) iiThe burrs Δ1 shall not exceed 1/10 of the sheet thickness but smaller or equal 0,50 mm.

Figure D.1 — Permitted distortions of punched holes

Notches and re-entrant corners shall be rounded off with a minimum radius r of:

— 5 mm for thicknesses greater than 4 mm and 1,0 t for thicknesses up to 4 mm for EXC2 and EXC3;

— 10 mm for EXC4.

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Galvanic corrosion

Coated structural members and profiled sheeting can be installed together with other metals.

Consideration shall be given to material compatibility when installing structural members and profiled sheeting, connections and fasteners made from different metals.

Areas of contact shall be separated permanently by means of additional coatings or barrier layers if there is a possibility of corrosion because of contact between structural members and profiled sheeting, connections and fasteners made from different metals. Materials for fasteners shall always be the same or more noble than the material of the structural members and profiled sheeting that is fastened.

Table E.1 contains a compilation of the reliable material combinations with structural aluminium components.

If uncoated aluminium components make direct contact with components of other materials then there is no risk of contact corrosion in the following cases:

— with untreated or with compatible e.g. timber components treated with oily wood protection agent;

— with coated concrete or reinforced concrete components.

In all other cases, insulating intermediate layers shall be arranged as protective measures e.g. plastic films for steel or timber sub-constructions or intermediate layers containing bitumen for concrete or reinforced concrete sub-constructions. The measures may be omitted if the aluminium components are coated.

Table E.1 — Permissible material combinations

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Additional information
   1. List of required additional information

This clause lists in Table F.1 the additional information that is required in the text of this European Standard as appropriate to fully define the requirements for execution of the work to be in accordance with this European Standard (i.e. where the wording “shall be specified” is used).

Table F.1 — Additional information

• 1. List of additional information if not otherwise specified

This clause lists in Table F.2 requirements that shall be followed if not otherwise specified. (i.e. where the wording “if not otherwise specified” is used).

Table F.2 — Additional information, if not otherwise specified

Bibliography

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[2] SCHARDT R., STREHL C. Theoretische Grundlagen für die Bestimmung der Schubsteifigkeit von Trapez-blechscheiben – Vergleich mit anderen Berechnungsansätzen und Versuchsergebnissen. Stahlbau. 1978, 45 pp. 97–108

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[6] BAEHRE R. Zur Schubfeldwirkung und -bemessung von Kassettenkonstruktionen. Stahlbau. 1987, 56 pp. 197–202

[7] Bryan E./Davies M.: Stressed Skin Design

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[10] EN 1396, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Coil coated sheet and strip for general applications - Specifications

[11] EN 1990, Eurocode - Basis of structural and geotechnical design

[12] EN 1991‑1‑1, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-1: General actions - Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings

[13] EN 1991‑1‑2, Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures – Part 1-2: Actions on structures exposed to fire

[14] EN 1991‑1‑3, Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-3: General actions - Snow loads

[15] EN 1991‑1‑4, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions

[16] EN 1991‑1‑5, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-5: General actions - Thermal actions

[17] EN 1991‑1‑6, Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures Part 1-6: General actions - Actions during execution

[18] EN 1991‑1‑7, Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-7: General actions - Accidental actions

[19] EN 1992 (all parts), Eurocode 2 — Design of concrete structures

[20] EN 1993‑1‑3, Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-3: Cold-formed members and sheeting

[21] EN 1993‑1‑4, Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-4: General rules - Supplementary rules for stainless steels

[22] EN 1993‑1‑5, Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-5: Plated structural elements

[23] EN 1996 (all parts), Eurocode 6 — Design of masonry structures

[24] EN 1998‑1, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings

[25] EN ISO 2081, Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Electroplated coatings of zinc with supplementary treatments on iron or steel (ISO 2081)

[26] EN ISO 2409, Paints and varnishes - Cross-cut test (ISO 2409)

[27] EN ISO 2808, Paints and varnishes - Determination of film thickness (ISO 2808)

[28] EN ISO 3506‑1, Fasteners - Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners - Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified grades and property classes (ISO 3506-1)

[29] EN ISO 3506‑2, Fasteners - Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners - Part 2: Nuts with specified grades and property classes (ISO 3506-2)

[30] EN ISO 3506‑3, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners - Part 3: Set screws and similar fasteners not under tensile stress (ISO 3506-3)

[31] EN ISO 3506‑4, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners - Part 4: Tapping screws (ISO 3506-4)

[32] EN ISO 4042, Fasteners - Electroplated coating systems (ISO 4042)

[33] EN ISO 6270‑1, Paints and varnishes - Determination of resistance to humidity - Part 1: Condensation (single-sided exposure) (ISO 6270-1)

[34] EN ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray tests (ISO 9227)

[35] EN 10143, Continuously hot-dip coated steel sheet and strip - Tolerances on dimensions and shape

[36] EN 10152, Electrolytically zinc coated cold rolled steel flat products for cold forming - Technical delivery conditions

[37] EN 10162, Cold rolled steel sections - Technical delivery conditions - Dimensional and cross-sectional tolerances

[38] EN 12056‑1, Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Part 1: General and performance requirements

[39] EN 12056‑3, Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Part 3: Roof drainage, layout and calculation

[40] EN ISO 12944‑1, Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems - Part 1: General introduction (ISO 12944-1)

[41] EN ISO 12944‑2, Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems - Part 2: Classification of environments (ISO 12944-2)

[42] EN ISO 12944‑4, Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems - Part 4: Types of surface and surface preparation (ISO 12944-4)

[43] EN ISO 12944‑6, Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems - Part 6: Laboratory performance test methods (ISO 12944-6)

[44] EN ISO 12944‑7, Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems - Part 7: Execution and supervision of paint work (ISO 12944-7)

[45] EN 13523‑1, Coil coated metals - Test methods - Part 1: Film thickness

[46] EN 13523‑6, Coil coated metals - Test methods - Part 6: Adhesion after indentation (cupping test)

[47] EN 13523‑7, Coil coated metals - Test methods - Part 7: Resistance to cracking on bending (T-bend test)

[48] EN 13523‑8, Coil coated metals - Test methods - Part 8: Resistance to salt spray (fog)

[49] EN ISO 14713‑1, Zinc coatings - Guidelines and recommendations for the protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures - Part 1: General principles of design and corrosion resistance (ISO 14713-1)

[50] EN 14783, Fully supported metal sheet and strip for roofing, external cladding and internal lining - Product specification and requirements

[51] EN ISO 17872, Paints and varnishes - Guidelines for the introduction of scribe marks through coatings on metallic panels for corrosion testing (ISO 17872)

[52] ASTM D 5796, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Thin Film Coil-Coated Systems by Destructive Means Using a Boring Device

[53] EN 1090‑4, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 4: Technical requirements for cold-formed structural steel elements and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications

[54] EN 1993‑1‑1, Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings

[55] EN 1999‑1‑2, Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-2: Structural fire design

[56] EN 14782, Self-supporting metal sheet for roofing, external cladding and internal lining - Product specification and requirements

[57] EN ISO 354, Acoustics - Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room (ISO 354)

[58] ISO 1803:1997, Building construction — Tolerances — Expression of dimensional accuracy — Principles and terminology

[59] EN 485‑2, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Sheet, strip and plate — Part 2: Mechanical properties

[60] EN 12206‑1:2021, Paints and varnishes - Coating of aluminium and aluminium alloys for architectural purposes - Part 1: Coatings prepared from thermosetting coating powder

1. As impacted by EN 1994‑1‑1:2004/AC:2009. ↑

2. As impacted by EN 1995‑1‑1:2004/AC:2006, EN 1995‑1‑1:2004/A1:2008, EN 1995‑1‑1:2004/A2:2014. ↑

3. As impacted by EN 1995‑1‑2:2004/AC:2009. ↑