ISO/DIS 4254-19.3:2026(en)

Date: 2026-04-06

ISO/TC 23/SC 3

Secretariat: DIN

Agricultural machinery — Safety — Part 19: Livestock feed and bedding machines

Matériel agricole — Sécurité — Partie 19: Machines de mélange des aliments

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Contents Page

Foreword 5

Introduction 6

1 Scope 1

2 Normative references 2

3 Terms and definitions 2

3.1 Livestock feed and bedding machines 2

3.2 Processes 3

3.3 Loading device 3

4 Safety requirements and/or protective risk reduction measures 4

4.1 General 4

4.2 Controls 4

4.2.1 Controls located on the workstation or in the operator station 4

4.2.2 Remote controls 5

4.2.3 Emergency stop 5

4.2.4 Safety and reliability of control systems 5

4.3 Visibility of work areas of cutting, loading and cutting/loading devices 5

4.3.1 Operator’s eye position 5

4.3.2 For work area at front of the machine 5

4.3.3 For work area at rear of the machine 6

4.3.4 For work areas at sides of machine 7

4.4 Loading devices 9

4.4.1 General 9

4.4.2 Loading door 9

4.5 Cutting devices 10

4.5.1 General 10

4.5.2 Stopping time 11

4.5.3 Maintenance and repair 11

4.5.4 Blockages 11

4.6 Mixing/chopping device 12

4.6.1 Guarding for a machine equipped with cutting, loading, or cutting/loading tools 12

4.6.2 Guarding for a machine equipped with gravity discharge 12

4.6.3 Guarding for a machine equipped with distribution device 13

4.7 Mixing/chopping chamber 14

4.7.1 Viewing inside chamber 14

4.7.2 Reducing material build-up 15

4.7.3 Manual addition of material 15

4.7.4 Maintenance and repair 15

4.8 Moving floor 15

4.9 Distribution device 16

4.9.1 General 16

4.9.2 Conveyors 16

4.9.3 Augers 18

4.9.4 Distributor cylinders 19

4.9.5 Impellers 20

4.10 Scale display 23

4.11 Noise 23

4.11.1 Reduction at source by design and by protective measures 23

4.11.2 Verification of requirements on noise 24

4.11.3 Reduction by information 24

4.12 Stability and immobilization 24

4.12.1 General 24

4.12.2 Supporting devices 24

4.12.3 Hitch loading 24

4.13 Electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC) 25

5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective risk reduction measures 25

6 Information for use 26

6.1 Operator's manual 26

6.1.1 General 26

6.1.2 Preparing the machine 26

6.1.3 Operating the machine 26

6.1.4 Servicing and maintaining the machine 27

6.1.5 Noise 28

6.2 Marking 28

6.2.1 General 28

6.2.2 Safety signs 28

Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards 29

Annex B (informative) Examples of machines and components 33

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered 41

Bibliography 45

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, Subcommittee SC 3, Safety and comfort.

A list of all parts in the ISO 4254 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

Introduction

This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100:2010.

This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market players with regard to machinery safety:

— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);

— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance, etc.)

Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the above-mentioned stakeholder groups:

— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);

— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);

— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);

— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).

The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting process of this document.

The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.

When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C standard.

NOTE Examples of machine and components, illustrating the terms and definitions in Clause 3, are given in Annex B.

Agricultural machinery — Safety — Part 19: Livestock feed and bedding machines

This document, used together with ISO 4254-1, specifies the safety requirements and their verification for the design and construction of livestock feed and bedding machines that can perform a combination of two or more of the following processes: loading, mixing, chopping and distributing materials. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices to be provided by the manufacturer.

NOTE Livestock feed and bedding machines (for example feed mixers, bale processors, silage block cutters) can be stationary, mounted, semi-mounted, interchangeable towed or self-propelled.

Examples of machines and components covered by this document are shown in Annex B.

When requirements of this document are different from those which are stated in ISO 4254-1, the requirements of this document take precedence over the requirements of ISO 4254-1 for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this document.

This document is not applicable to:

— machines which pick up or transport crop material directly from the field;

— loading cranes;

— automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions (for example, those covered by ISO 3991)

— the integrity of safety-related parts of control systems in relation to the specification of performance levels;

— environmental hazards (excluding noise), road safety and hazards associated with moving transmission parts;

— hazards associated with maintenance or repairs carried out by professional service personnel.

This document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to machines for loading, mixing and/or chopping and distributing silage and/or other feedstuffs, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer as listed in Annex A, except for the hazards arising from:

— failure of the control circuit;

— inadequate seating;

— inadequate lighting;

— travelling of machinery related to road safety;

— break-up of parts rotating at high speed;

This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of publication of this document.

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 3600:2022, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment — Operator's manuals — Content and format

ISO 4254‑1:2013, Agricultural machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements

ISO 5353:1995, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat index point

ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction

ISO 13851:2019, Safety of machinery — Two-hand control devices — Principles for design and selection

ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs

ISO 15817:2012, Earth-moving machinery — Safety requirements for remote operator control systems

ISO 16001:2017, Earth-moving machinery — Object detection systems and visibility aids — Performance requirements and tests

IEC 60204‑1:2016, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions given in ISO 12100:2010, ISO 4254-1:2013 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp

— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/

3.1

Livestock feed and bedding machines

3.1.1

feed mixer

machine with a chamber and powered mixing/chopping device(s) for blending of feed stocks and supplements, and a means for dispensing the blended material

Note 1 to entry: The mixing/chopping devices can consist of, but are not limited to, rotating augers, rotors (for example paddles, ribbons, bars, knives), or a combination of augers and rotors.

3.1.2

bale processor

machine or device with an open-top chamber and powered chopping elements intended to chop baled materials and distribute the processed material used for livestock feed or bedding

3.1.3

silage block cutter

device with cutting edge(s) that is used to cut a block of material from the remaining material and transport the material for processing or distribution while maintaining the material density and form

3.2

Processes

3.2.1

mixing

operation to blend two or more different materials to create a mixture

3.2.2

chopping

operation to break up or reduce the size of the constituent elements of a mass of material

3.2.3

cutting

operation to sever a portion of material from the remaining material

3.3

Loading device

element or set of elements attached to the machine where material is loaded into the machine

Note 1 to entry: Loading arms/forks on bale processors are not considered to be part of this definition.

3.3.1

loading door

moveable portion of the chamber that opens for loading of the machine and closes during the processing of material

3.3.2

loading conveyor

powered mechanism that continually moves material into the chamber

3.4

cutting/loading device

element or set of elements attached to the machine that, alone or in combination, perform the processes of a cutting device and a loading device

3.5

mixing/chopping device

element or set of elements that performs the mixing and/or chopping process(es) on the material in the chamber

3.6

cutting device

element or set of elements attached to the machine that performs the cutting process

3.7

distribution device

element or set of elements, attached to the machine, which moves the material from the chamber to a desired location

3.8

unloading door

moveable portion of the chamber that opens to unload material

3.9

moving floor

powered conveyor for moving the material within the chamber or on the loading door

3.10

workstation

position on the machine, other than the operator's station, from which control of at least some machine operations is possible

3.11

operator station

position of the operator during machine operations including transport

3.12

mineral hopper

a device for introduction of animal dietary supplement into the feed mixer

3.13

counter-knife (knives)

element(s) located close to the mixing and chopping device which restraints the feed material while it is cut, shredded, impacted, and reduced

[SOURCE: ISO 7448:2024, 3.3.7 (modified)]

4.1.1 Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements or protective risk reduction measures of clause 4 of this document. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of relevant clauses of ISO 12100:2010 for hazards relevant but not significant, which are not dealt with by this document.

4.1.2 Unless otherwise specified in this document, machinery shall comply with the requirements of ISO 4254-1:2013 and with ISO 13857:2019, Table 1, Table 3, Table 4 and Table 6 as appropriate.

4.2.1.1 Controls shall be designed so that the operator can reach them where intended, for example by means of an adjustable position.

4.2.1.2 It shall not be possible for the operator to reach unguarded moving working elements while actuating the control.

4.2.1.3 It shall not be possible to reach the manual controls from inside the mixing/chopping chamber(s).

4.2.1.4 Stop controls shall have priority over all other controls.

4.2.1.5 Workstation controls shall be hold-to-run, except the following:

— controls for the mineral hopper;

— controls for the distribution device;

— controls to activate the automatic work cycle of the counter-knives, only for machines with a vertical mixing/chopping device.

4.2.1.6 It shall be possible to deactivate the workstation controls to limit control of the machine to the operator station only.

4.2.1.7 Two-hand controls shall comply with ISO 13851:2019.

4.2.2.1 Remote controls and their electrical components shall comply with ISO 15817:2012 or IEC 60204-1.

4.2.2.2 The remote control shall:

— if wired or wireless, have a unique assignment of the remote control to the receiver to prevent operation by other than the assigned remote controls; and

— be constructed in such a way as to prevent unintentional operation of the control devices that could trigger dangerous movements (for example by means of protective collars or recessed buttons).

An emergency stop control according to ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.19 shall be installed on self-propelled machines.

Safety and reliability of control systems shall conform with ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.20.

For the purpose of assessing visibility, the position of the operator’s eye is defined as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3. A lateral displacement of the eye of the operator is allowed within ±300 mm from the centre position.

4.3.2.1 The operator shall have visibility of the work area at the front of the machine from the operator station and/or the workstation assessed from the eyepoint defined in 4.3.1.

4.3.2.2 The width of the work area is the entire width of any cutting, loading, and cutting/loading devices, including any entrapment zones.

4.3.2.3 The height of the work area extends from the highest working position of any cutting, loading, and cutting/loading devices to a height of 1 m or less from the ground when the machine is in its loading position (see Figure 1).

4.3.2.4 The location of the work area is 200 mm measured from the edge of any cutting, loading, and cutting/loading devices (see Figure 1).

4.3.2.5 When direct visibility is not achievable, the indirect visibility shall be provided by fitting machines with devices such as mirrors, closed circuit television (CCTV) or other adequate system (see ISO 16001:2017). Mirrors shall be used in a direct manner. Using one mirror to view another is not allowed.

4.3.2.6 Verification shall be by measurement.

4.3.2.7 Verification is achieved with the tools in the raised position. The position of the operator’s eye is 790 mm above the seat index point (SIP) as defined in ISO 5353:1995 (Figure 1).

Dimensions in millimetres

Key

1 eye position

2 cutting/loading device

h visibility height range

Figure 1 — Checking of the direct visibility of a self-propelled machine

4.3.3.1 The operator shall have visibility of the work area at the rear of the machine from the operator station and/or the workstation assessed from the eyepoint defined in 4.3.1.

4.3.3.2 The width of the work area is the entire width of any cutting, loading, and cutting/loading devices, including any entrapment zones [see d₂ of Figure 2b) and 2d)].

4.3.3.3 The height of the work area extends from the highest working position of any cutting, loading, and cutting/loading devices to a height of 1,5 m or less from the ground when the machine is in its loading position.

4.3.3.4 The location of the work area is 200 mm to the rear of:

— the edge of any cutting, loading, and cutting/loading devices,

— the machine when the loading door is closed.

4.3.3.5 When direct visibility is not achievable, the indirect visibility shall be provided by fitting machines with devices such as mirrors, closed circuit television (CCTV) or other adequate system (see ISO 16001:2017). Mirrors shall be used in a direct manner. Using one mirror to view another is not allowed.

4.3.4.1 The operator shall have visibility of the work area at the side of the machine from the operator station and/or the workstation assessed from the eyepoint defined in 4.3.1.

4.3.4.2 The width of the work area is 200 mm measured from the sides of any cutting, loading, and cutting/loading devices of the machine [see Figures 2b) and 2d)].

4.3.4.3 The height of the work area extends from the highest working position of any cutting, loading, and cutting/loading devices to a height of 1,5 m or less from the ground when the machine is in its loading position.

4.3.4.4 The location of the work area is 200 mm to the rear of:

— the edge of any cutting, loading, and cutting/loading devices; or

— the machine when the loading door is closed.

4.3.4.5 When direct visibility is not achievable, the indirect visibility shall be provided by fitting machines with devices such as mirrors, closed circuit television (CCTV) or other adequate system (see ISO 16001:2017). Mirrors shall be used in a direct manner. Using one mirror to view another is not allowed.

4.3.4.6 Verification shall be by measurement on an empty machine.

Dimension in millimetres

a) Checking of the visibility for trailed machines with loading door - side view

b) Checking of the visibility for trailed machines with loading door – top view

c) Checking of the visibility for trailed machines with cutting/loading tools – side view

d) Checking of the visibility for trailed machines with cutting/loading tools – top view

Key

h highest position to a maximum height of 1,5 m from the ground of the work area of the cutting/loading tools and the loading door

d₁ width of the loading tools

d₂ width of the visibility area - interior width of the machine

d₃ excluded width of the visibility area (sides of the machine)

Figure 2 — Checking of the visibility for trailed machines

Dimensions in millimetres

a) Case of clevis or hook-type connection between trailed machine and tractor

b) Case of lower hitch point connection between trailed machine and tractor

Key

1 eye position

2 clevis or hook

3 ground

4 lower hitch point

Figure 3 — Determination of the conventional eye position

4.4.1.1 To avoid unexpected movement of the loading device during service and maintenance, locking devices according to ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.11 shall be provided.

4.4.1.2 A means shall be provided to prevent the loading device from moving without being actuated during transport according to ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.9.2.

4.4.1.3 The controls of loading devices shall be hold-to-run if outside of the operator's station, except for the rotation of loading conveyors, which may be hold-to-run or require an intentional action (for example manual control requiring two different actions to be operational, or protection rail around the manual controls).

4.4.2.1 When the loading door is open, at least one of the following measures shall be taken to protect the operator against contact, entanglement and drawing-in hazards generated by the mixing/chopping device(s).

— the mixing/chopping device shall not operate; or

— the mixing/chopping device shall only operate by a hold-to-run control; or

— the safety distances established in ISO 13857:2019, Tables 1, 3, 4 and 6 shall be maintained by an automatically deployed protective device (for example, moveable interlocked wall).

4.4.2.2 To ensure the protection of the operator against crushing and shearing hazards related to a failure of the hydraulic circuit, the door shall be fitted with a device to prevent unintended lowering (for example, pilot-operated check valve), or with a device which limits the maximum downward speed of the door should failure occur to 40 mm/s measured tangential to the trajectory of the outer edge of the door.

4.4.2.3 A machine with a loading door that rises to close (the type of machine illustrated in Figure B.9 of Annex B) shall allow the operator to remove the net wrap or strings from a bale after it has been loaded onto the loading door:

— without entering the mixing/chopping chamber; and

— without operating the mixing/chopping device.

4.5.1.1 The controls of cutting devices shall require an intentional action.

4.5.1.2 Cutting devices that pose a hazard when not in use shall be guarded, either

— by location, such as making possible and instructing the operator to position the cutting device(s) out of reach. The repositioning of the cutting device(s) shall be possible from the operator’s station.

or

— directly with a guard that prevents inadvertent contact with the cutting device(s). The guard shall be self-closing or actuated from the operator station.

4.5.1.3 In case of rotating cutting devices, the front guard shall be self-closing and shall extend on the working front at least 110° from the vertical to the cutting device axis (see Figure 4), with the machine in travelling position.

Key

1 front guard

α ≥ 110°

Figure 4 — Protection of rotating cutting devices when not in use

Requirements

4.5.2.1.1 The stopping time of cutting device(s) and cutting/loading device(s), from the moment the control device is switched to the off position until the cutting device has come to a complete stop, shall not exceed 10 s.

4.5.2.1.2 It shall not be possible to reach unguarded cutting elements during the run-down time.

Measurement conditions

4.5.2.2.1 The cutting device shall not be under load.

4.5.2.2.2 The speed for the test shall be the nominal rotation speed as specified by the manufacturer.

4.5.2.2.3 If the cutting device is hydraulically driven the hydraulic oil temperature during the test shall be (65 ± 5) °C.

4.5.3.1 To avoid inadvertent lowering of the cutting device during maintenance and repair, locking devices complying with ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.11 shall be provided.

4.5.3.2 Cutting devices shall be moveable as required for maintenance and repair without operating the machine.

4.5.3.3 Cutting devices shall be lockable as required for maintenance and repair without operating the machine. The hazards when changing blades during maintenance and repair shall be minimized by design. For remaining hazards which can not be eliminated by design, instructions shall be provided in the operator’s manual (see 6.1.4 c)).

General

4.5.4.1.1 The machines shall be designed and built to minimize the probability and frequency of blockages and to prevent a hazard arising should clearance of blockages become necessary.

4.5.4.1.2 This general requirement shall be achieved by the following risk reduction measures:

a) as far as practicable, avoid the need to approach the hazard zone by providing means to allow clearing of blockages without interrupting the power to the machine, either from the operator's station or, if the normal operation is controlled from workstation, from the workstation. Such means are for example:

— device to enlarge the section of passage of the material;

— reverse direction of the appropriate machine elements, independently from the cutting tools.

b) if a) is not fully achievable, assist in the clearing of blockages and cleaning after the machine is stopped, by means of, for example:

— freewheel of the cutting tool axle to allow manual rotation without external power;

— hand tools to remove blockages.

Protection against inadvertent re-engagement in case of mechanical elements stopped by blockage

Automatic restarting of hazardous movement following clearance of a blockage by an operator in the hazard zone shall be prevented. A restart shall require the intentional actuation of a control outside the hazard zone (for example, torque limiter reset which requires a complete stop of the PTO to be re-engaged).

If the machine is equipped with cutting, loading, or cutting/loading tools, safety distances for protection against contact with hazardous moving parts of the mixing/chopping device shall comply with the safety distances of ISO 13857:2019, Tables 1, 3, 4 and 6 when the cutting, loading, or cutting/loading tools are in the position for mixing and/or chopping, the loading door is closed, or both.

A machine equipped with a gravity discharge shall meet at least one of the following when the machine is empty:

— guarding to the extent practicable that prevents unintentional contact with the hazardous moving parts of the mixing/chopping device and that does not contact the mixing/chopping device when a horizontal force of 500 N is applied;

— the safety distances of ISO 13857:2019, Tables 1, 3, 4 and 6 to prevent unintended contact with hazardous moving parts of the mixing/chopping device;

— a distance ≥ 550 mm between the outermost edges of the discharge opening and the outer path of the mixing/chopping device to ≥ 100 mm below a horizontal plane of the bottom edge of the discharge opening (see Figure 5).

For machines with guarding only around the top and sides of the discharge opening, dimensions a and b shall be as follows:

— If the distance h (see Figure 5) between the ground and the lower edge of the guard is ≤ 800 mm,

— dimension a shall be ≥ 550 mm; and

— dimension b shall be ≥ 100 mm

— If the distance h (see Figure 5) between the ground and the lower edge of the guard is > 800 mm,

— dimension a shall be ≥ 850 mm; and

— dimension b shall be ≥ 100 mm.

Dimensions in millimetres

Key

a distance between the guard and the distributor cylinder

b vertical distance between the edge of the guard and the distributor cylinder

h distance between the ground and the lower edge of the guard

Figure 5 — Guarding to prevent unintended contact with mixing/chopping device (machine with gravity discharge)

A machine equipped with a distribution device shall meet at least one of the following in any distribution condition:

— guarding to the extent practicable that prevents unintentional contact with the hazardous moving parts of the mixing/chopping device and that does not contact the mixing/chopping device when a horizontal force of 500 N is applied;

— the safety distances of ISO 13857:2019, Tables 1, 3, 4 and 6 to prevent unintended contact with hazardous moving parts of the mixing/chopping device;

— a distance ≥ 550 mm between the outermost edge of the distribution device and the outer path of the mixing/chopping device and a distance ≥ 550 mm between any point on the side guards of the distribution device and the outer path of the mixing/chopping device. (see Figure 6)

NOTE: See 4.9 for guarding of the distribution device.

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure 6 — Guarding to prevent unintended contact with mixing/chopping device (machine with distribution device)

Where the upper edge of the mixing/chopping chamber at its lowest point is at more than 1,60 m above the ground, at least one of the following means for viewing inside the chamber shall be provided:

a) an opening or observation means (for example, window, grid) to provide the operator direct visibility while maintaining the safety distances of ISO 13857:2019, Tables 1, 3, 4 and 6 to prevent contact with moving mechanical parts inside the mixing/chopping chamber;

b) a platform on the machine, complying with ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.8.2. The distance between the platform floor and the upper edge of the mixing/chopping chamber or platform railing shall measure > 1,10 m and ≤ 1,60 m. Steps or ladders for platforms shall comply with ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.8.3;

c) a boarding means (for example, ladder fixed on the machine) which shall comply with ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.8.3. The distance between the upper step and the upper edge of the mixing/chopping chamber shall measure > 1,10 m and ≤ 1,60 m.

d) an observation means to allow indirect visibility from the operator station (for example, mirrors, closed-circuit television (CCTV)).

The top edges of the mixing/chopping chamber shall be designed to minimize the accumulation of material and to reduce the need for access to the top edges of the chamber. Examples for such designs are:

— sloped edges;

— rounded profiles;

— limited horizontal surfaces.

4.7.3.1 When a means to allow the manual addition of material into the mixing/chopping chamber is provided, it shall include one of the following while maintaining the safety distances of ISO 13857:2019, Tables 1, 3, 4 and 6 to prevent contact with moving mechanical parts inside the mixing/chopping chamber:

— a platform according to ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.8.2; or

— accessible from the ground.

4.7.3.2 When a means for manual addition of material is not provided, the operator’s manual shall state that manual addition of material is not allowed. It shall also include instructions to use appropriate loading means to add even small amounts of material.

4.7.4.1 Mixing/chopping devices shall be moveable as required for maintenance and repair without operating the machine.

4.7.4.2 Mixing/chopping devices shall be lockable as required for maintenance and repair.

4.7.4.3 Machines with a vertical mixing/chopping device shall include a means for access to the mixing/chopping device by at least one of the following:

— an access opening (for example, unloading door, service panel), having a minimum clear diameter of 600 mm for entry into the mixing/chopping chamber; or

— for machines with a capacity of less then 2 m³ and where safe access for maintenance from the ground level cannot be provided, alternative access means shall be provided (for example, removable panel).

4.7.4.4 Machines with a means for access to the mixing/chopping device shall include a locking device according to ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.11, when applicable.

4.7.4.5 The hazards when changing blades during maintenance and repair shall be minimized by design. For remaining hazards which can not be eliminated by design, instructions shall be provided in the operator’s manual (see 6.1.4 c)).

The movement of the moving floor, if provided, shall be controlled either

— from the operator station; or

— a control located such that during its actuation the hazard zone cannot be reached by the operator; this control shall be either of hold-to-run type or two-hand control in accordance with ISO 13851.

Distribution devices shall be guarded to prevent unintentional contact with the hazardous moving parts.

Side Guarding

Conveyors shall be guarded at the sides according to Figures 7 and 8, including the following:

— the guard shall extend at least to the lower plane of the conveyor; and

— the guard shall extend ≥ 50 mm above the upper plane of the conveyor.

Dimensions in millimetres

Key

1 mixing/chopping device

2 chamber

3 conveyor belt/conveyor chain

4 guard

5 steel plate below conveyor belt/conveyor chain (for functional reasons)

6 upper plane of conveyor

7 lower plane of conveyor

Figure 7 — Protection against direct access at the discharge opening when located at the sides (case of a conveyor)

Dimensions in millimetres

Key

1 guard

2 mixing/chopping device

Figure 8 — Protection against pinching hazard (isometric view of Figure 7)

Chain/belt clearance

Conveyors shall have clearances in accordance with ISO 13857:2019, Tables 1, 3, 4 and 6.

Augers that eject material from the end shall comply with at least one of the following:

— guards according to ISO 13857:2019, Tables 1, 3, 4 and 6;

— for augers that are open to the top, guards shall maintain 200 mm from the perimeter of the guarding to the convergence points between the auger flighting and the trough along the full length of the auger;

— for augers that are completely enclosed along the length, a movable guard, which covers the discharge outlet when material is not passing and opens to allow material to flow (see Figure 9).

Key

1 auger

2 movable guard

Figure 9 — Protection against pinching hazard with an auger

The guarding of a distributor cylinder shall meet at least one of the following:

a) have guards to prevent inadvertent contact with the distributor cylinder according to ISO 13857:2019, Tables 1, 3, 4 and 6.

b) if the distance h (see Figures 10 and 11) between the ground and the lower edge of the guard is ≤ 800 mm,

— dimension a shall be ≥ 550 mm; and

— dimension b shall be ≥ 100 mm

c) if the distance h (see Figures 10 and 11) between the ground and the lower edge of the guard is > 800 mm,

— dimension a shall be ≥ 850 mm; and

— dimension b shall be ≥ 100 mm.

d) if the distance a (see Figures 10 and 11) between the guard and the distributor cylinder is between 230 mm and 550 mm, meet at least one of the following:

— have a hold-to-run control of the distributor cylinder with a rundown time ≤ 5 s;

— have a stop control device that is actuated by movement of the guard toward the distributor cylinder and:

— stops rotation of the distributor cylinder in < 2 s; and

— does not allow the guard to contact the distributor cylinder; and

— requires an activation force ≤ 150 N applied to the lower edge of the guard; and

— requires an intentional action for restart after the guard has returned to its normal operating position.

Key

1 distributor cylinder

2 guard

a distance between the guard and the distributor cylinder

b vertical distance between the edge of the guard and the distributor cylinder

h distance between the ground and the lower edge of the guard

Figure 10 — Protection against pinching hazard with a distributor cylinder – Horizontal

Key

1 distributor cylinder

2 guard

a distance between the guard and the distributor cylinder

b vertical distance between the edge of the guard and the distributor cylinder

h distance between the ground and the lower edge of the guard

Figure 11 — Protection against pinching hazard with a distributor cylinder – Vertical

4.9.5.1 Contact with the rotating parts of the impeller through the outlet opening shall be prevented for any position of the discharge chute. Determine the height h of the lowest edge of the outlet opening from the ground in least favourable configuration recommended by the manufacturer. Determine d as follows:

— If h ≤ 2 000 mm, the distance d between the outer impeller path and the nearest end of the discharge chute shall be ≥ 850 mm (see Figure 12);

or

— If h > 2 000 mm, the distance d between the outer impeller path and the nearest end of the discharge chute shall be ≥ 230 mm (see Figure 13)

Key

1 outer path of the impeller

2 path of the outer edge of the ejection outlet

d distance between the outer impeller path and the nearest end of the discharge chute

h height of the ejection outlet

Figure 12 — Example of a machine with outlet with the lowest edge of the outlet opening at a height equal or below 2 000 mm measured from the ground

Key

1 outer path of the impeller

2 lower edge of the outlet

h height of the ejection outlet

d distance between the outer impeller path and the nearest end of the discharge chute

Figure 13 — Example of a machine with outlet with the lowest edge of the outlet opening at a height above 2 000 mm measured from the ground

4.9.5.2 Machine surfaces and components near the outlet opening shall be designed to be difficult to use as a step (for example: surface sloped 45°).

4.9.5.3 The machine shall include a means to indicate that the impeller is rotating. It shall be at least one of the following:

— a mechanical device activated by rotation of the impeller;

— an opening complying with ISO 13857:2019, Tables 1, 3, 4 and 6 through which rotation of the impeller is visible;

— a light that flashes while the impeller is rotating;

— an audible device that sounds while the impeller is rotating.

4.10.1 When the machine is equipped with a device to weigh the material(s) fed into the mixing/chopping chamber, the weighing device display shall be visible from at least one of the following:

— workstation; or

— operator station.

4.10.2 The display shall be operable in accordance with at least one of the following:

— at a horizontal distance ≥ 550 mm from the power take-off axis (see Figure 14); or

— from a platform complying with ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.8.2; or

— from the operator station; or

— from a workstation.

4.10.3 If the scale display is fixed within the area in close proximity with the PTO drive shaft, as shown in Figure 14, additional guarding shall be provided to prevent contact with the PTO driveshaft.

Dimensions in millimetres

Key

1 scale display in safe position

2 area in close proximity with the PTO drive shaft

Figure 14 — Position of scale display

4.11.1.1 The machine shall be designed to generate a noise level as low as practicable. The main sources causing noise are:

— operation of the cutting tools;

— loading device;

— mixing tools with feedstuff;

— distributing device;

— vibrating surfaces.

4.11.1.2 Machines shall be designed and constructed taking into account the available information and technical measures to control noise at source at the design stage, as described in ISO 11688‑1:2009.

NOTE ISO 11688‑2 gives useful information on noise generation mechanisms in machinery.

For the determination of the sound power level and of the emission sound pressure level at the operator’s positions the noise test code given in ISO 4254‑1:2013, Annex B shall be used.

If after taking all possible technical measures for reducing noise at the design stage a manufacturer considers that further protection of the operator is necessary, then adequate information shall be given in the operator's manual (see 6.1).

The stability of the machine shall meet requirements of ISO 4254-1:2013, 6.2.

Supporting devices shall meet the requirements of ISO 4254-1:2013, 6.2.1.2.

4.12.3.1 The vertical downward load on the hitch of semi-mounted machines, measured at the hitch point shall be at least 3 % of the weight of the machine with:

— the machine on a horizontal firm surface;

— the machine body empty;

— the machine equipped with its relevant load compensation devices, as specified by the manufacturer.

4.12.3.2 If it is foreseeable for the machine to experience negative hitch loading scenarios, the operator’s manual shall include appropriate safety information.

4.12.3.3 For semi-mounted machines with a loading door, the vertical downward load at the hitch point shall be positive, measured stationary on a horizontal firm surface with the loading door (see Figure 15) in its least favourable condition for travelling and distribution, as specified by the manufacturer in the operator’s manual.

Key

F positive vertical downward load

Figure 15 — Measuring of the vertical downward load

Machines shall comply with the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility as specified in ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.18.

See Table 1.

Table 1 — List of safety requirements or protective risk reduction measures and their verification

6.1.1.1 Content and presentation shall be in accordance with ISO 3600.

6.1.1.2 Comprehensive instructions and information on all aspects of maintenance and the safe use of the machine shall be provided in the operator’s manual. The information and items given in ISO 4254-1:2013, Clause 8 and ISO 4254-1:2013/AMD 1:2021 apply. Information according to 6.1.2, 6.1.3, 6.1.4 and 6.1.5 shall be included in the operator’s manual, as applicable:

In particular, the following points shall be emphasized, if applicable:

a) warn of the risk of crushing when standing between the tractor and the machine while attaching, detaching, operation, etc.;

b) instructions to verify sufficient visibility around the machine including the application of appropriate devices such as mirrors, cameras, etc.;

c) the nominal rotation frequency and direction of rotation of the power input connection (PIC);

d) the required range of pressure and flow rate of the hydraulic circuits.

In particular, the following points shall be emphasized, if applicable:

a) the machine shall be used by one person only and the operator shall not operate the machine unless the hazard zones are clear;

b) only properly trained persons shall operate the machine;

c) warn of the risk of falling objects during loading and instruct the operator to make sure the area near the machine is clear before loading;

d) need for the operator to ensure that he has a sufficient view of the hazard zone (work area of the cutting/loading device and the loading door over their whole width);

e) risks associated with overhead power lines, when any machine component exceeds 4 m in height during any mode of operation (as described in ISO 4254-1:2013, 8.2 p);

f) warn of the risk of standing near the distribution device when the machine is operating;

g) use a PTO drive shaft equipped with a guard in good, working condition;

h) for mounted, semi-mounted and trailed machines, the crushing hazard for the operator if standing between the tractor and the machine during work;

i) instructions to use appropriate personal protective equipment;

j) prohibit the use of the machine to transport people;

k) prohibit climbing on the machine, in particular on the loading device;

l) instructions to only use the loading device for lifting material as intended by the manufacturer;

m) warn of the risks and instruct the operator not to climb onto the top edges of the chamber;

n) use only appropriate loading means as recommended by the manufacturer;

o) instructions for manual addition of material, if recommended by the manufacturer;

p) instructions for safely clearing blockages, including the use of any special tools provided with the machine;

q) warn of the risks of machine stability while using loading devices;

r) instructions for safely removing net wrap or strings from bales, if applicable;

s) prohibit the use of the ladder/platform while machine is in motion;

t) the rules and conditions for the use of retractable guards for cutting and loading tools;

u) for mounted, semi-mounted and trailed machines, the need to ensure that the tractor is fitted with mirrors to provide the lateral visibility on both sides of the machine;

v) need to adjust the mirrors to provide lateral visibility on both sides of the machine;

w) recommendations regarding dust hazards (inhalation) and relevant dust reduction means (for example appropriate personal protective equipment, closed cab with filtration system).

In particular, the following points shall be emphasized, if applicable:

a) warn of the hazards involved when entering the mixing/chopping chamber and provide the operator with instructions for safe entry into the chamber;

b) maintenance schedule for machine components as determined by the manufacturer and instructions for safe maintenance of any of the listed machine components;

c) instructions for safe sharpening and changing of blades to avoid/reduce cutting hazards, including details of removable/retractable guards;

d) instruct the operator to park on a hard, level surface, turn off the machine, remove key, and wait for all moving parts to stop before servicing and maintaining machine;

e) instructions to use all locking devices before carrying out maintenance and service underneath raised parts of the machine;

f) the location of any jacking/lifting points;

g) instructions for safe jacking/lifting of the machine;

h) instructions for safe storage of the machine.

The operator's manual shall provide noise emission values, if required to be declared, as given in ISO 4254-1:2013, Annex B.

6.2.1.1 All machines shall be marked in accordance with ISO 4254-1:2013, 8.4

6.2.1.2 For PTO driven machines, the nominal rotation frequency and direction of rotation of the power input connection (marked by an arrow).

6.2.2.1 All machines shall include safety signs in accordance with ISO 4254-1:2013, 8.3.2.

6.2.2.2 In particular, safety signs shall be provided on the machine in all appropriate places, drawing attention to the following:

a) a clearly visible warning placed near the appropriate area to indicate that in case of blockages the machine shall be stopped before any intervention;

b) moving parts which represent a risk during use;

c) for machines with components that can exceed 4 m (measured from the ground) in height during operation, a warning visible from the workstation/operator station to draw the attention to the risk of unintentional contact with overhead power lines;

d) a warning near the ladder or platform, to indicate that the ladder/platform shall not be used when the machine is in motion;

e) a warning near the entry points to instruct the operator to stop all moving parts and disengage the power source before removing the service panel/entering the chamber.

1. 
   (informative)
   
   List of significant hazards

Table A.1 gives the significant hazard(s), the significant hazardous situation(s) and hazardous event(s) covered by this document and ISO 4254-1 that have been identified by risk assessment as being significant for this type of machine, and which require specific action by the designer or manufacturer to eliminate or to reduce the risk.

Attention is drawn to the necessity to verify that the safety requirements specified in this document apply to each significant hazard presented by a given machine and to validate that the risk assessment is complete.

Table A.1 — List of significant hazards associated with livestock feed and bedding machines

1. 
   (informative)
   
   Examples of machines and components

Key

1 controls and manual controls

2 hydraulic circuit

3 hydraulic cylinder

4 arm

5 loading device (here, loading door)

6 grab jaws

7 working face

8 adjustable deflector

9 protecting casing of the drive and of the mobile elements of the unravelling device and of the conveyor

10 hydraulic motor

11 unhitching jack of the machine

Figure B.1 — Example of mounted machine with loading device

Key

1 controls

2 impeller

3 chute

4 blast nozzle or deflector

5 arm

6 hydraulic cylinder

7 grab jaw and loading device (here, loading door)

8 longitudinal conveyor or moving floor

9 pendular wheel support

10 rotating auger

11 workstation

12 drawbar jack

Figure B.2 — Example of trailed machine with downward loading door

Key

1 mixing/chopping device

2 loading device (here, downward loading door)

3 loading door

4 unloading door

Figure B.3 — Example of trailed machine with equipped with mixing/chopping device and downward loading door

Key

1 cutting/loading device

2 horizontal mixing/chopping device

Figure B.4 — Example of trailed machine with cutting/loading device and horizontal mixing/chopping device

Key

1 vertical mixing /chopping device

Figure B.5 — Example of trailed machine with vertical mixing/chopping device (without loading device)

Key

1 cutting/loading device

Figure B.6 — Example of self-propelled machine with cutting/loading device

Key

1 cutting/loading device

2 cylindrical mixing and/or chopping device

3 distributing side auger

Figure B.7 — Example of self-propelled machine with cutting/loading device, cylindrical mixing and/or chopping device and distributing side auger

Key

1 loading device (here, loading door) in lowered position for loading

2 loading device (here, loading door) in raised position, closed

3 distribution device

Figure B.8 — Trailed machine with upward loading door and distribution device

Key

1 tine

2 guiding frame

3 bogie truck

4 cutting frame

5 cutting knife

6 cutting knife drive

7 advance cylinder

8 advance rope

Figure B.9 — Example of silage block cutter without distribution device

Key

1 excavating tool

2 discharge edge

3 cutting frame

4 mobile guard (open position)

Figure B.10 — Example of silage block cutter with distribution device

Key

1 unbaler

2 bale of forage

3 unrolled hay (swath)

4 soil

Figure B.11 — Example of unbaler

Annex ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered

This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request "M/396 mandate to CEN and CENELEC for standardisation in the field of machinery" to provide one voluntary means of conforming to essential requirements of the Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast).

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements, of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex I of Directive 2006/42/EC

WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European Union.

WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard.

Bibliography

[1] ISO 7448:2024, Machinery for forestry — Machine-fed woody biomass reduction chippers, grinders, and shredders — Vocabulary

[2] ISO/TR 11688‑1:1995, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment — Part 1: Planning

[3] ISO/TR 11688‑2, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment — Part 2: Introduction to the physics of low-noise design