ISO/TC 265/WG5 N 133

Date: 2025-12-23

ISO/DIS27917:2026(en)

Secretariat: SCC

Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and storage —
Vocabulary — Cross-cutting terms

Captage, transport et stockage du dioxyde de carbone — Vocabulaire — Termes transverses

© ISO 2026

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Contents

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 265, Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and storage.

Introduction

The objectives of the document are the following:

— to provide a comprehensive list of terms and their definitions for carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage including through enhanced oil (or gas) recovery (EOR) operation to facilitate communication among:

— experts involved in the development of ISO standards on carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage;

— other carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage stakeholders;

— to provide the basis for common understanding for all future ISO TC 265 documents for carbon dioxide capture, transportation and storage.

The term “sequestration” has been used by some countries and organizations instead of “storage” (e.g. the international “Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum”). The two terms are considered synonymous, and only “storage” is used in this document.

The chemical symbol “CO₂” is synonymous with “carbon dioxide”. Accordingly, the two ways of writing out “carbon dioxide” and “CO₂” are used interchangeably in this document.

Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and storage — Vocabulary — Cross-cutting terms

This document defines a list of cross-cutting terms commonly used in the field of carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological sub-surface storage including through storage in association with enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations.

This document only deals with CO₂ geological sub-surface storage.

The terms are classified as follows:

— general terms and definitions relating to carbon dioxide;

— general terms and definitions relating to carbon dioxide capture, transportation and storage;

— general terms and definitions relating to monitoring and measuring performance in carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage;

— general terms and definitions relating to risk;

— general terms and definitions relating to relationships with stakeholders;

A list of the main acronyms used is given in Annex A.

There are no normative references in this document.

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp

— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/

3.1.1

carbon dioxide capture and geological storage

CCS

process consisting of the separation of CO₂ from the atmosphere or from industrial and energy-related sources, transportation and injection into a geological formation, resulting in long term isolation from the atmosphere

Note 1 to entry: CCS is often referred to as Carbon Capture and Storage. This terminology is not encouraged because it is inaccurate: the objective is the capture of carbon dioxide and not the capture of carbon. Tree plantation is another form of carbon capture that does not describe precisely the physical process of removing CO₂ from industrial emission sources.

Note 2 to entry: The term "sequestration" is also used alternatively to "storage". The term "storage" is preferred since “sequestration” is more generic and can also refer to biological processes (absorption of carbon by living organisms).

Note 3 to entry: Long term means the minimum period necessary for geological storage of CO₂ to be considered an effective and environmentally safe climate change mitigation option.

Note 4 to entry: The term Carbon dioxide Capture, Utilization (or use) and Storage (CCUS) includes the concept that isolation from the atmosphere could be associated with a beneficial outcome. CCUS is embodied within the definition of CCS to the extent that long term isolation of the CO₂ occurs through storage within geological formations. CCU is Carbon Capture and Utilization (or use) without storage within geological formations.

Note 5 to entry: CCS should also ensure long term isolation of CO₂ from oceans, lakes, potable water supplies and other natural resources.

3.1.2

CCS project life cycle

entirety of phases of a CCS project from concept through to post-closure

Note 1 to entry: The CCS project life cycle includes mainly concept, design, obtaining permit, construction, operation, monitoring, measurement and verification, decommissioning, closure and post-closure (see Annex C).

3.1.3

intermittency

lack of continuity in operation, as measured by the frequency or extent to which a process or installation is stopped or unavailable

Note 1 to entry: Intermittency includes variable CO₂ flows among project components.

3.1.4

geological storage complex

subsurface geological strata that comprise the storage unit (3.1.2) and the confining unit (3.1.19), and extending laterally to the defined limits of the CO₂ storage site

Note 1 to entry: Limits can be defined by natural geological boundaries, regulation or legal rights.

3.1.5

EOR Complex

project reservoir, trap, and such additional surrounding volume in the subsurface as defined by the operator within which injected CO₂ will remain in safe, long-term containment (3.1.6)

3.1.6

safe, long-term containment

for the period necessary to be considered secure by the system under which the quantification is being implemented

3.1.7

geological storage

safe, long-term containment (3.1.6) of CO₂ stream in subsurface geological formations

[SOURCE: ISO 27914:2026, 3.14]

3.1.8

carbon dioxide (CO₂) plume

region within geologic strata where CO₂ is present in free phase

Note 1 to entry: In saline aquifers, CO₂ as a free phase includes typically CO₂ as a separate buoyant fluid phase. It may also include CO₂ dissolved in formation water.

Note 2 to entry: In depleted natural gas reservoirs, a CO₂ plume may be a part of a porous reservoir with CO₂ concentrations in the gas phase, exceeding initial concentrations in the reservoir

Note 3 to entry: In environmental impact assessments and risk management, the term CO₂ plume can also refer to an area or volume in the atmosphere or in aquatic environments into which CO₂ is dispersed or dissolved

[SOURCE: ISO 27914:2026, 3.4 Notes added]

3.1.9

carbon dioxide capture and geological storage project

CCS project

consists of one or more connected CO₂ capture systems, transportation systems, and storage or geological storage systems

Note 1 to entry: Each system (capture, transportation, or storage) might be operated by independent operators.

Note 2 to entry: The term “integrated CCS project” is sometimes used to identify a project that includes capturing CO₂ from a point source or the atmosphere, transporting it to storage or a geological storage site where it is injected into deep geologic formations (storage complex), and monitoring (3.3.1) to verify that it remains isolated from the atmosphere.

Note 3 to entry: For more information on

— CO₂ capture systems, see ISO/TR 27912,

— CO₂ transportation systems, see ISO 27913, and

— CO₂ geological storage systems, see ISO 27914.

[SOURCE: ISO 27914:2017, 3.56]

3.1.10

CO₂ capture

separation of CO₂ in such a manner as to produce a concentrated stream of CO₂ that can readily be transported for storage

[SOURCE: ISO TR 27912;2016, 3.16]

3.1.11

carbon dioxide capture and storage network

CCS network

connections of multiple CO₂ sources and storage sites

[SOURCE: ISO TR 27925;2023 3.1]

3.1.12

carbon dioxide capture and storage system

CCS system

combination of the capture, transportation and storage components considered as a single entity

[SOURCE: ISO TR 27925;2023 3.3]

3.1.13

flow assurance

engineering discipline that is required to understand the behavior of fluids inside pipelines, at flowing and static conditions

Note 1 to entry: The flow assurance provides input to design activities, such as pipeline design or risk analysis and operating philosophy development.

[SOURCE: ISO 27913;2024 3.13]

3.1.14

hydraulic capacity

maximum flow rate achievable in a system for a given pressure loss and given mechanical and operating constraints

[SOURCE: ISO 27913;2024 3.15]

3.1.15

CCS project component

assemblage of technical or geotechnical installations and natural features of subsurface geological systems that are separate in terms of physical space, technical disciplines, industrial practice and dominating physico-chemical processes

3.1.16

chemical component or constituent

individual molecular parts of a fluid or stream

3.1.17

CO₂ carrier

cargo ship or barge constructed or adapted and used for the carriage of CO₂ as cargo

[SOURCE: ISO TR 27929;2024 3.4]

3.1.18

intermediate storage

storage of CO₂ volumes before being loaded to a ship and storage after being offloaded from a ship

[SOURCE: ISO TR 27929;2024 3.13]

3.1.19

confining unit

geological strata that are part of a geological storage complex (3.1.4) and effectively restrict migration of fluids out of the storage unit (3.1.20) and leakage (3.2.14) out of the geological storage complex

Note 1 to entry: Described in reservoir engineering as caprock and in hydrogeology as aquitard or aquiclude.

3.1.20

storage unit

geological stratum (or strata) into which CO₂ is injected and contained for the purpose of geological storage

[SOURCE: ISO 27914:2026, 3.50]

3.2.1

supercritical CO₂

CO₂ at pressures and temperatures above both the critical pressure and critical temperature

3.2.2

dense phase CO₂

CO₂ or CO₂ stream (3.2.11) in the single-phase fluid state above a density of 500 kg/m3

Note 1 to entry: For more details on the dense phase, refer to ISO/TR 27925:2023.

[SOURCE: ISO 27913;2024 3.9 added CO₂]

Note 2 to entry: Compression and transport of dense phase CO₂ are commonly achieved using pumps. Compression and transport at lower densities are commonly achieved with turbo-compressors.

Note 3 to entry: Not all supercritical CO₂ is in a dense phase, and not all dense phase CO₂ is supercritical.

Note 4 to entry: Figure 1 illustrates pure CO₂ phase diagram and density plots, calculated according to Reference [16], and plotted as a function of temperature and pressure.

Key

1 triple point

2 critical point

3 liquid-gas phase boundary

4 solid-(dense) fluid phase boundary

5 solid-(gaseous) fluid phase boundary

6 critical temperature

7 critical pressure

8 lower operation limit for radial pumps

Figure 1 — Pure CO₂ phase diagram and density plots

Note 5 to entry: The curve defined by Key number 8 is shown as an example illustrating typical operation limits specific to individual pumps, according to Reference [17].

— Fluid CO₂ in the p-T-range between lines 3, 4 and 6 is often named liquid CO₂.

— Fluid CO₂ in the p-T-range between lines 3, 5 and 7 is often named gaseous CO₂.

— Fluid CO₂ in the p-T-range between lines 6 and 7 is often named supercritical CO₂.

— Solid CO₂ in the p-T-range between lines 4 and 5 is often named dry ice.

— Fluid CO₂ in the p-T-range above lines 3 and 8 is often named dense phase CO₂.

Note 6 to entry: In thermodynamic equilibrium, liquid and gaseous CO₂ do only coexist at p-T-values specified by line 3 between points 1 and 2.

3.2.3

single phase

flow of CO₂ or a CO₂ stream (3.2.1) in a gas or a dense phase CO₂ (3.2.2), but not in any combination of them

[SOURCE: ISO 27913;2024 3.28]

3.2.4

bubble point pressure

pressure of the saturated liquid at a given composition and temperature

[SOURCE: ISO 27913;2024 3.3]

3.2.5

dew point pressure

pressure on the saturated vapour line

[SOURCE: ISO 27913;2024 3.10]

3.2.6

minimum design temperature

lowest possible temperature to which the equipment or system may reasonably be exposed locally during installation and operation

[SOURCE: ISO 27913;2024 3.19]

3.2.7

operating envelope

limited range of parameters over which operations result in safe and acceptable performance of the equipment or system

[SOURCE: ISO 27913;2024 3.22]

3.2.8

global warming potential

GWP

factor describing the radiative forcing impact of one mass-based unit of a given greenhouse gas relative to an equivalent unit of carbon dioxide over a specified period of time

3.2.9

CO₂ emission reduction

quantified decrease in CO₂ emissions between a baseline scenario and the CCS project output

Note 1 to entry: In most cases, a CO₂ emission reduction may be referred to as “CO₂ avoided”. CO₂ avoided may also refer to CO₂ removals from the atmosphere.

[SOURCE: ISO 14064‑2:2019, 3.1.7 modified — “greenhouse gas” and “GHG” have been replaced by “CO₂” in the term and the definition “project“ has been replaced by “CCS project output”.]

3.2.10

abatement

reduction in the amount, degree or intensity of emissions of CO₂ or other pollutants

[SOURCE: IPCC:2005 modified]

3.2.11

CO₂ stream

stream in CCS projects consisting overwhelmingly of carbon dioxide

Note 1 to entry: the CO₂ stream (typically > 95 mol% CO₂) often includes impurities and could include substances added to the stream to improve performance of CCS and/or to enable CO₂ detection.

Note 2 to entry: the properties of a CO₂ stream will differ significantly from those of pure CO₂ depending on the composition of the CO₂ stream.

3.2.12

CO₂ stream composition

percentage by volume of each component of the CO₂ stream (3.2.11)

Note 1 to entry: The CO₂ stream composition is usually subject to regulatory discretion and approval. It is less common to report stream composition as a mass fraction.

Note 2 to entry: The term CO₂ purity may be used to indicate the percentage (volume, mass or mol) by volume of CO₂ as a (major) component of the CO₂ stream, e.g. a CO₂ purity of 95 % (as in 3.2.11). A purity definition could also include specific limitations on contents, fractions or concentrations of individual impurities.

3.2.13

impurities

non-CO₂ substances that are part of the CO₂ stream (3.2.11) that may be derived from the source materials or the capture process, added through commingling for transportation added to enable or improve the injection process, enhance hydrocarbon recovery, or assist in CO₂ detection, or formed as a result of sub-surface storage

3.2.14

CO₂ leakage

unintended release of CO₂ out of a pre-defined containment

Note 1 to entry: Containments can include both surface containers (e.g. compressors, pipelines, trucks, ships, trains) and subsurface containments (e.g. geological storage complex).

3.2.15

CO₂ migration

movement of CO₂ within the geological storage complex (3.1.4)

3.2.16

anthropogenic carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide that is initially produced as a by-product of a combustion, chemical, or separation process (including separation of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids or gases)

3.2.17

geological containment

retention of CO₂ streams and formation fluids within a geological storage complex (3.1.4) or an EOR complex (3.1.5)

3.3.1

monitoring

continuous or repeated checking, supervising, critically observing, measuring or determining the status of a system to identify change from a baseline or variance from an expected performance level

Note 1 to entry: In case of geological storage, monitoring is not restricted to the technical infrastructure of an operator, it also includes the wider surroundings of the surface or subsurface storage site.

3.3.2

baseline

reference basis for comparison against which project status or performance is monitored or measured

3.3.3

detection threshold

smallest value of a property of a substance or effect that can be reliably detected by a specific method of measurement in a specified context

Note 1 to entry: The term detection limit is used sometimes as a synonym to detection threshold.

[SOURCE: ISO 27914:2026, 3.11]

3.3.4

area of review

AOR

geographical area(s) of a CCS project or part of it, designated for assessment of the extent to which a CCS project, or part of it, could affect life and human health, the environment, competitive development of other resources, or infrastructure

Note 1 to entry: The delineation of an area of review defines the outer perimeters on the land surface or seabed and water surface within which assessments will be conducted.

3.3.5

maximum allowable operating pressure

MAOP

highest possible pressure to which the equipment or system may reasonably be exposed locally during operation

[SOURCE: ISO 27913;2024 3.18]

NOTE Some definitions in this clause relating to risk have been adapted from ISO Guide 73 and from CSA Z 741 for the context of CCS.

3.4.1

risk

effect of uncertainty on project objectives (e.g. on performance metrics for an element of concern)

Note 1 to entry: An effect is a deviation from the expected — positive and/or negative.

Note 2 to entry: Objectives can have different aspects (such as financial, health and safety, and environmental goals) and can apply at different levels (such as strategic, organization-wide, project, product and process).

Note 3 to entry: Risk is expressed in terms of a combination of the severity of consequences (negative impacts) of an event and the associated likelihood of their occurrence.

[SOURCE: ISO Guide 73:2009, 1.1 modified — “(e.g. on performance metrics for an element of concern)” has been added. Note 4 to entry has been deleted and Note 3 to entry modified.]

3.4.2

overarching risk

risk that affects a CCS project as a whole or CCS projects in general

3.4.3

cross-cutting risk

risk that affects one or more part(s) of a CCS project and has an impact or effect on other parts

3.4.4

risk assessment

process of identifying, analyzing and evaluating risk scenarios (3.4.8)

3.4.5

risk evaluation criteria

terms of reference used to define the magnitude of risk (3.4.1)

3.4.6

risk treatment

process of using risk control (3.4.7) to reduce a specified risk (3.4.1)

3.4.7

risk control

measure whose purpose is to reduce a specific risk (3.4.1) or avoid escalation of risk

3.4.8

risk scenario

combination or chain of circumstances through which a threat can cause an event to occur and through which the consequences of an event can have a negative impact on elements of concern

3.4.9

acceptable risk

risk borne by the project operator and others having regard to legal obligations and management policies

Note 1 to entry: A tolerable risk is a risk of significant level considered as temporarily or conditionally acceptable. It is tolerated to facilitate a gradual response (e.g. monitoring of risk treatment) until the risk has been reduced.

[SOURCE: ISO 27914:2017, 3.2]

3.4.10

unacceptable risk

risk of a nature and level that is regarded as unacceptable by the project operator and others or by an authority whose approval is required for the project to proceed

3.4.11

preventive measures

measures that aim to reduce the likelihood that a specific event occurs

Note 1 to entry: These measures are thus implemented before a hazardous event has occurred or before a process has led to unwanted impacts (e.g. exceeded predefined thresholds)

3.4.12

mitigation

limitation or reduction of actual or potential undesirable effects of a particular event or process

3.4.13

remediation

process of correcting a failure or impacts on affected elements of concern

3.4.14

emergency response plan

systematic procedures that clearly detail what is to be done, how, when, and by whom before, during and after the time an emergency occurs

Note 1 to entry: In some jurisdictions, it can be called “emergency and remedial response plan”, “contingency plan”, etc.

Note 2 to entry: Emergency response plans often also cite preparations to be completed before an emergency occurs

3.4.15

environmental impact

change, which may be adverse or beneficial, to the environment, wholly or partially resulting from CCS project activities

3.4.16

expert elicitation

structured process for obtaining expert opinion

Note 1 to entry: Structured discussions, interviews, questionnaires, and polling or voting are among the methods used for expert elicitation.

Note 2 to entry: Expert opinions may be needed to assess quantities, consequences, probabilities, etc.

3.4.17

elements of concern

valued elements or objectives for which risk is evaluated and managed

3.5.1

stakeholder

individual, group of individuals, or organization whose interests are or could be affected by a CCS project

3.5.2

operator

person or entity legally responsible for all or part of a CCS project operations

3.5.3

regulator

entity that has the authority to permit, approve, or otherwise authorize one or more CCS project activities, or monitor compliance with the terms of a permit, approval, or authorization

[SOURCE: CSA Z741-12 modified]

3.5.4

communication plan

document describing when, what and how to communicate with project stakeholders

Note 1 to entry: A communication plan may provide information relating to issues such as monitoring and verification, environmental impacts, risk treatment.

3.5.5

stakeholder engagement

consultation process that involves stakeholders identifying and addressing issues of common importance and sharing information on CCS projects

3.5.6

third party

entity that is independent of the parties involved with the issues in question

1. 
   (Informative)
   
   General Definitions

A.1

life cycle assessment

LCA

compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental and health impacts of a CCS project or a component part throughout its life cycle

[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.2 modified — “and health” and “a CCS project or a component part” have been added and “of a product system” has been deleted. The Note 1 to entry has been added.]

Note 1 to entry: Boundaries of the assessment include all equipment and processes necessary to evaluate a CCS project or component part. The main input and output flows may include raw materials, process gases, electricity, fossil fuels, water, CO₂, emission in air and water, solid and liquid waste, co-products, etc.

A.2

value chain

entire sequence of activities or parties that provide or receive value in the form of products or services

[SOURCE: ISO 26000:2010, 2.25]

A.3

critical point

highest temperature and pressure at which a pure substance (e.g. CO₂) can exist as a gas and a liquid in equilibrium

Note 1 to entry: For a multicomponent fluid mixture of a given composition, the critical point is the intersection of the bubble curve and the dew point curve.

Note 2 to entry: The critical point can be established with the critical pressure (A.5) and the critical temperature (A.6).

Reference: 'critical point' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01396

A.4

triple point

temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid and solid) of a substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium

[SOURCE: ISO 27913;2024 3.30]

A.5

critical pressure

vapour pressure at the critical temperature

Note 1 to entry: According to Reference [16], the critical pressure for pure CO₂ is expressed in absolute pressure as 7,377 3 MPa.

Reference: 'critical pressure' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01397

A.6

critical temperature

temperature above which liquid cannot be formed simply by increasing the pressure

Note 1 to entry: According to Reference [16], the critical temperature for pure CO₂ is 304,1282 K.

Note 2 to entry: For CO₂ streams (3.2.11), phase transitions can still occur above critical temperature.

Reference: 'critical temperature' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01402

A.7

CO₂ equivalent

unit for comparing the radiative forcing of a GHG to that of carbon dioxide

Note 1 to entry: The carbon dioxide equivalent is calculated using the mass of a given GHG multiplied by its global warming potential.

[SOURCE: ISO 14064‑2:2019, 3.1.15 – modified to add Note 1.]

A.8

multi-phase flow

co-existence of more than one fluid phases (e.g. gas and dense phases or two dense phases) in the same location of the pipeline

[SOURCE: ISO 27913;2024 3.20]

A.9

non-condensable component

chemical that, when pure, can be in gaseous form at possible CO₂ equilibrium conditions throughout the CO₂ value chain

Note 1 to entry: This results in an increase of the bubble point pressure of a CO₂ stream containing this component. Examples include N₂, Ar, CH₄, O₂, H₂, CO (excluding CO₂).

[SOURCE: ISO 27913;2024 3.21]

A.10

greenhouse gas

GHG

gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorbs and emits radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, the atmosphere, and clouds

Note 1 to entry: The most common greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), nitrogen trifluoride (NF₃) perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆). Emissions from these gases are reported under the UNFCCC and aggregated into carbon dioxide equivalents (CO₂e) using factors called global warming potentials (GWPs). For a list of GHGs, see the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report.

Note 2 to entry: Water vapour and ozone are anthropogenic as well as natural GHGs, but are not included as recognized GHGs due to difficulties, in most cases, in isolating the human-induced component of global warming attributable to their presence in the atmosphere.

[SOURCE: ISO 14064-2:2019, 3.1.1 modified – Notes 1 and 2 combined and edited – Note 2 added here]

1. 
   (informative)
   
   List of acronyms

1. 
   (informative)
   
   CCS project life cycle

Figure C.1 — CCS project life cycle^[1]

Bibliography

[1] ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework

[2] ISO 14064‑1:2018, Greenhouse gases — Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals

[3] ISO 14064‑2:2019, Greenhouse gases — Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements

[4] ISO 14064‑3:2019, Greenhouse gases — Part 3: Specification with guidance for the verification and validation of greenhouse gas statements

[5] ISO 17000:2020, Conformity assessment — Vocabulary and general principles

[6] ISO 26000:2010, Guidance on social responsibility

[7] ISO 27914:2017, Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage — Geological storage

[8] ISO/TR 27918:2018, Lifecycle risk management for integrated CCS projects

[9] ISO Guide 73:2009, Risk management — Vocabulary

[10] IEAGHG Report 2009/TR7 Review of the International State of the Art in Risk Assessment Guidelines and Proposed Terminology for Use in CO₂ Geological Storage

[11] IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Chapter 5. Carbon Dioxide Transport, Injection and Geological Storage, 2006

[12] IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage, 2005

[13] CSA Z741:12 (R2022) Geological storage of carbon dioxide

[14] DNV 2009-1425

[15] DNV-RP-J203

[16] Span R., Wagner W. A new equation of state for carbon dioxide covering the fluid region from the triple point temperature to 1100 K at pressures up to 800 MPa. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 1996, 25 pp. 1509–1596

[17] Schwarz and Ruf, in Fischedick et al. eds. (2015) CO₂: Abtrennung, Speicherung, Nutzung. Chapter 8.4.2 CO₂ Verdichtung. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 855 p.

1. From ISO/TR 27918. ↑