ISO/DIS 23174-1

ISO/TC 268/SC 2

Secretariat: JISC

Date: 2025-12-19

Sustainable mobility and transportation — Smart operation and maintenance —

Part 1:
Service role architecture

DIS stage

© ISO 2025

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Contents

Foreword iv

Introduction v

1 Scope 1

2 Normative references 1

3 Terms and definitions 2

4 Smart operation and maintenance service classification 2

4.1 General 2

4.2 Transportation maintenance 2

4.3 Optimization of operation 2

4.4 Optimization of resident 3

5 Basic support of smart operation and maintenance stakeholders 3

5.1 Basic support 3

5.2 Infrastructure support 3

5.3 Collaborative support of stakeholders 3

6 Role and function model 4

6.1 Objectives 4

6.2 National variations 4

6.3 Basic role and function model 4

6.4 Application layer role and function model 6

6.5 Service layer role and function model 7

Foreword

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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities, Subcommittee SC 2, Sustainable mobility and transportation.

A list of all parts in the ISO 23174 series can be found on the ISO website.

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Introduction

With the development of big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies, urban transportation is striding into the intelligent stage, building a safe, reliable, economical and efficient transportation system is the common development goal of cities all over the world.

In order to meet the requirements of modern urban population growth and residents' travel safety, convenience and reliability, we have been seeking better management methods that can improve residents' travel experience, ensure operation safety, reduce maintenance costs and promote environmental protection, so as to support urban sustainable development and improve the level of urban transportation system.

Smart operation and maintenance is usually an intelligent method, aims to make urban transportation realize advanced smart maintenance, avoids under maintenance and over maintenance to the greatest extent, improves operation and maintenance efficiency and reduces costs.

At present, smart operation and maintenance of various types of urban transportation in the world have great commonalities in technology, system composition and implementation methods, and usually under the framework of intelligent surveillance, big data analysis and maintenance decision-making, the ultimate goals are basically the same, that is, to finally realize the smart control and optimization of real time in transport operation, and improve passenger service quality and maintenance efficiency.

On the basis of ISO 37101:2016 "Requirements and Use Guidelines for Sustainable Development Management System of Cities and Communities", we could establish a series of international standards to guide how to introduce, build and evaluate smart operation and maintenance in various types of urban mobility and transportation.

We aim to provide basic guidelines, including basic support conditions, roles and functional models, framework and service grading, basic process, application and evaluation, etc. promoting the establishment of an economic, efficient and environment-friendly urban transportation system that meets the needs of stakeholders.

Sustainable mobility and transportation — Smart operation and maintenance —

Part 1:
Service role architecture

This document is part of a series and defines general rules including roles and function models for guiding and to introduce, build and evaluate smart operation and maintenance in various types of urban mobility and transportation.

This document mainly describes some basic requirements of smart operation and maintenance of urban transportation system for sustainable development. Mainly includes:

1. Terms and definitions
2. Smart operation and maintenance service classification
3. Basic support of smart operation and maintenance stakeholders
4. Role and function model

The basic requirements specified in this document are applicable to sustainable cities that urgently need to improve the operation and maintenance efficiency of transportation systems, especially super-large cities and cities with limited compact land resources and high requirements for efficiency.

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 37153:2024, Smart community infrastructures — Maturity model for assessment and improvement

ISO 37155-1:2020, Framework for integration and operation of smart community infrastructures — Part 1: Recommendations for considering opportunities and challenges from interactions in smart community infrastructures from relevant aspects through the life cycle

ISO 37155-2:2021, Framework for integration and operation of smart community infrastructures — Part 2: Holistic approach and the strategy for development, operation and maintenance of smart community infrastructures

ISO 37166:2022, Smart community infrastructures — Urban data integration framework for smart city planning (SCP)

ISO 37170:2022, Smart community infrastructures — Data framework for infrastructure governance based on digital technology in smart cities

ISO/TR 37152:2016, Smart community infrastructures — Common framework for development and operation

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/

Smart operation and maintenance

based on the perception of the status of urban transportation facilities and equipment, with the help of new information technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence, functions such as fault diagnosis, fault trend prediction, and health status evaluation of equipment can be achieved. Combined with scientific maintenance strategies, sustainable development needs of various transportation systems can be achieved

This section clarifies the sustainable development support that smart operation and maintenance could provide for urban transportation, and guides the planning, introduction, and construction in urban.

Considering the actual situation of different city and transportation construction, there may be differences in the functional settings, and the factors leading to the differences include but are not limited to the following:

1. Traffic sizes/capacities;
2. Traffic mode type;
3. Current operation and maintenance costs;
4. Traffic pressures in the target cities;
5. Construction budget;
6. Capabilities for building smart operation and maintenance.

It is recommended that smart operation and maintenance could provide maintenance services, optimization of operation and resident services for urban transportation.

It should be able to effectively optimize urban transportation overhaul and maintenance mode, reduce maintenance cost, improve maintenance efficiency and enhance the quality. Services should include: optimization of maintenance procedures, resource management, scheduling of maintenance plan, construction of information-based maintenance system, intelligent guidance for trouble shooting, and the performance evaluation of maintenance services.

It should be able to give full play to the role of urban transportation infrastructure, improve operational efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and improve the operation and service capacity, which should include real-time monitoring of the traffic status, scientific operation and scheduling management, alarms for abnormal events in the process of operation, early warning of potential safety hazards, and guidance on emergency response.

It should be able to enhance the integration of urban transportation and residents, identify abnormal passenger behaviour, guide and evacuate passengers in unexpected situations, conduct real-time passenger flow statistics and predict passenger flow status, etc., so as to improve the travel experience.

Urban transportation stakeholders should cooperate with each other and jointly provide the following basic conditions to support smart operation and maintenance:

1. Basic network communication conditions;
2. Big data processing capabilities;
3. A large-scale transportation network;
4. A large demand for traffic volume;
5. Have certain experience in operation and maintenance;
6. Stable transportation infrastructure conditions;
7. Matching power supply conditions.

Among these conditions, infrastructure support are important factors that determine whether operations and maintenance could achieve smart.

The construction of infrastructure is the foundation for building livable, resilient and smart cities. Urban transportation needs to improve the application level of new technologies, promote the digital and intelligent transformation of infrastructure, and meet the needs to carry out smart operation and maintenance. Requirements for different sizes and types of urban infrastructure shall be in accordance with ISO/TR 37152:2016, ISO 37153:2024, ISO 37155-1:2020 and ISO 37155-2:2021.

All types of urban transportation systems should have the basic technical capabilities required to carry out smart operation and maintenance, including fault diagnosis technology, fault prediction and health management technology, etc., the software and data ability for cities of different sizes and types should be in accordance with ISO 37166:2022 and ISO 37170:2022, and the following capabilities are also recommended:

1. Support data to achieve cross-disciplinary or cross-system interface;
2. Support data modelling, support system functions that are combinable, extensible and reconfigurable.

Through the construction of service model, Smart Operation and Maintenance promotes the establishment of cooperative relationship among government managers, operators and residents, provides various infrastructure and technical support, and clarifies the responsibilities of participants at all stages through the construction of co-construction and sharing mechanism.

Promote the deep integration of smart operation and maintenance with urban transportation systematically, and provide more clear and measurable support for sustainable development of urban transportation.

This section is based on a unified framework for defining smart operations and maintenance, and gives basic role and functional model, application layer role and functional mode, and service layer role and functional model for guiding smart operation and maintenance planning, construction, and operation under different application scenarios.

The establishment of role and functional model is specifically for:

1. Aimed at integrating the smart operation and maintenance needs and expectations into the construction process of urban transportation.
2. Clarify the basic components of the smart operation and maintenance, directly reflecting the infrastructure construction that urban transportation should cooperate with.
3. Identify the relevant parties involved in the process from infrastructure construction, manufacturing to application, and also reflect their interrelationships.
4. Define the services provided by these roles to ensure that smart operation and maintenance could focus on the needs of urban transportation.
5. Identify how these role models work together.

The definition of what comprises smart operation and maintenance system is as an issue for National decision and may vary from country to country. The deployment of interoperable platforms for smart operation and maintenance system with common features is expected to vary from country to country, as will the provision of services. It is possible that some countries will mandate the use of such a platform, others will offer it as an option to meet the requirements of smart operation and maintenance service with minimum administration and paperwork (providing a good business case for operators to fit and use the equipment). Some countries may implement a single, government operated, controlled, or contracted service provider which is the single communication manager between the user and the service. Other countries may provide a market-based solution with multiple service providers competing for the business of smart operation and maintenance operators.

To ensure the accuracy, applicability, and comprehensibility of the role and function model, the principle of simplification was adopted to establish basic role and function model. This model is based on the main structure of the system.

The goal is to ensure the model is both accurate and practical, could simply reflect the characteristics and functions of operation and maintenance, and could also point out the main factors that affect system functionality.

Therefore, the following content will demonstrate the relationships between system components, covering aspects such as data collection and processing, intelligent analysis, prediction and optimization, to ensure that operations and maintenance could be efficient, intelligent and reliable.

Figure 1 — Basic role and function model

Smart sensing infrastructure is used to acquire various types of state data and fault data of the transportation system, and recommended to meet the following requirements:

1. Support data collection, storage, and remote transmission.
2. Build an open application interface digital platform for easy access.

The data is collected by the smart sensing facilities and uploaded to the cloud platform via transmission path, which usually includes the following types of data:

1. Structured data,including speed, load, rpm, voltage, current, temperature, pressure, concentration, traction/braking force, dimensions, etc.
2. Picture data,such as the appearance of traffic equipment and the traffic environment.
3. Video data and audio data required for operation and maintenance.

Transmission path should meet the needs of various application scenarios, and the commonly used channels include wireless transmission channels based on 3G, 4G, 5G, Wifi, Bluetooth, etc. It is desirable to consider network redundancy and network security in network communication.

To realize the storage, analysis, mining, cleaning, sharing and display of data, etc. The construction of cloud platform should take into account the computing power, data transmission cycle, data volume size, etc., to meet the practical application needs of smart operation and maintenance.

The main body of operation and maintenance is usually the operators of various types of urban transportation and the manufacturers of facilities and equipment.

Application layer role and function model are based on the basic role and function model, adding three main stakeholders involved in urban transportation, and reflecting their interrelationships and interactions.

The following content aims to clarify the core functions and roles of the smart operation and maintenance system, in order to guide the role positioning of various stakeholders in the planning and construction process of urban transportation, and to solve problems more efficiently.

The urban traffic management authority is responsible for the overall planning and construction of smart operation and maintenance, and be recommended to adopt the principle of "unified top-level planning, unified platform, unified system architecture, unified construction, unified management, unified operation and maintenance", break through the limitations of different traffic systems, achieve data sharing, system interconnection, and build a visualized manage platform.

Participate in infrastructure construction and upload data to cloud platforms. Providers should be able to provide operation and maintenance services based on subscription business models according to the actual needs of urban transportation, and ensure the sustainability of the services.

If there are competing providers in the market, the traffic management department should select the qualified suppliers, and once adopted, they should be regularly reviewed by the inspection/certification authority.

Be responsible for the overall planning and operation of the urban transportation, and consider factors such as the construction and cost of operation and maintenance in advance.

In the process of urban traffic operation, it is appropriate to carry out the following contents:

1. Clarify the service requirements of the operation and maintenance provider.
2. Identify high failure rate issues that affect operational safety and passenger services, and propose requirements for facility upgrades.
3. Develop inspection and maintenance rules for facilities and equipment.
4. Implement full lifecycle information and tracking management.

Figure 2 — Application layer role and function model

The purpose of the service layer roles and functional model is to indicate the service content that urban transportation management authority, manufacturers, and operators could provide, as well as the relevant services that can support these three important stakeholders to play a role.

Figure 3 — Service Layer Role and Function Model

Urban regulatory agencies or municipal departments are responsible for the engineering construction of infrastructure, guiding providers and operators jointly participate in operation and maintenance construction. It is advisable to combine the current situation and conditions of urban municipal construction, fully consider the use of urban land and existing facilities.

Quality certification authority is an important part of the application layer role and functional model, the smart operation and maintenance provider should obtain the qualifications from the urban certification authority, this role can be set up according to the traffic manage requirements of different cities to review the qualifications of the provider.