CEN/TC 212

Date: 2025-11

prEN 16261:2026

Secretariat: NEN

Pyrotechnic articles — Fireworks, Category F4

Pyrotechnische Gegenstände — Feuerwerkskörper, Kategorie F4

Articles pyrotechniques — Artifices de divertissement, Catégorie F4

ICS:

Descriptors:

Contents Page

European foreword 4

1 Scope 5

2 Normative references 5

3 Terms and definitions 6

3.1 General terms 6

3.2 Technical terms 6

4 List of generic types and descriptions 12

5 List of subtypes and descriptions 14

6 List of components and descriptions 19

7 Requirements 20

7.1 General 20

7.2 Pyrotechnic composition 21

7.3 Construction (type test and batch test) 21

7.3.1 Miscellaneous 21

7.3.2 Use of plastics 21

7.3.3 Forbidden substances 21

7.4 Means of ignition 22

7.4.1 Identification (type test and batch test) 22

7.4.2 Protection (type test and batch test) 22

7.5 Performance 22

7.5.1 Properties to be checked before functioning tests 22

7.5.2 Properties to be checked during functioning tests 23

7.5.3 Requirements for components (type test and batch test) 24

7.5.4 Use of detonative explosives (type test) 24

7.6 Protective pack (type test and batch test) 24

7.7 Safe disposal (type test) 24

7.8 Type testing 25

7.8.1 General 25

7.8.2 Number of items to be tested 25

7.8.3 Fireworks supplied in protective packs 25

7.8.4 Test report 26

7.9 Batch testing 26

7.9.1 General 26

7.9.2 Sampling plans 26

7.9.3 Fireworks in protective packs 26

7.9.4 Nonconformities 27

7.9.5 Test report 28

7.9.6 Acceptance or rejection of a batch 29

8 Test methods 29

8.1 Test environment for functioning test 29

8.1.1 General 29

8.1.2 Wind measurement 29

8.2 Apparatus 29

8.3 Test methods 33

8.3.1 Construction and stability 33

8.3.2 Design – Verification 34

8.3.3 Determination of tube angle 34

8.3.4 Angle of ascent and burst height 35

8.3.5 Measurement of sound pressure level 35

8.3.6 Extinguishing of flames 36

8.3.7 Visual and audible inspections 36

8.3.8 Mechanical conditioning 36

8.3.9 Thermal conditioning 37

8.3.10 Function test 37

8.3.11 Measuring of CE-marking 39

8.3.12 Use of detonative explosives 39

9 Minimum labelling requirements 43

9.1 General 43

9.2 Name and type of firework 43

9.3 Category, registration number, product, batch or serial numbers 43

9.4 Identification number of the notified body 44

9.5 Net explosive content 44

9.6 Safety and disposal information 44

9.7 Year of production 44

9.8 Details on manufacturer or importer 44

9.9 Printing 44

9.10 Marking of very small items 44

9.11 Minimum safety information 45

9.11.1 General 45

9.11.2 Mandatory parameters 45

9.11.3 Format 45

9.12 Specific labelling for individual items 46

9.12.1 Specific labelling requirement for combinations 46

9.12.2 Specific labelling requirement for shells 46

9.12.3 Specific labelling requirement for components 46

9.13 Additional information 46

9.14 Operating instructions 46

Annex A (normative) Mandatory/optional performance parameters 47

Annex B (informative) List of nonconformities for Category F4 fireworks regarding safety in functioning 50

Annex C (informative) Mechanical conditioning (shock apparatus) 52

Annex D (informative) Procedures for calculation of heights 55

Annex E (informative) Calculation method for safety-/protection distance 59

Annex F (informative) List of mandatory and optional parameters and corresponding codes 60

Annex G (normative) Decision tree for Category F4 fireworks containing plastic parts 62

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential safety requirements of Directive 2013/29/EU aimed to be covered 63

Bibliography 65

European foreword

This document (prEN 16261:2026) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 212 “Pyrotechnic articles”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.

This document is currently submitted to CEN Enquiry.

This document will supersede EN 16261‑1:2012 EN 16261‑2:2013, EN 16261‑3:2012 and EN 16261‑4:2012.

prEN 16261:2026 includes the following changes with respect to EN 16261‑1:2012, EN 16261‑2:2013, EN 16261‑3:2012 and EN 16261‑4:2012:

— the 4 parts have been merged;

— the subclause 7.3.2 “Use of plastics” has been added;

— the Annex G has been added;

— the Annex ZA has been updated.

This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its Member States.

For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

This document specifies requirements for the construction, performance, protective packaging and labelling of Category F4 fireworks, as listed in Clauses 4, 5 and 6.

This document does not apply to fireworks intended to be kept or used at temperatures below −20 °C or above 50 °C.

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 13763‑1:2025, Explosives for civil uses — Detonators and detonating cord relays — Part 1: Requirements

EN 61672‑1:2013, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 1: Specifications

EN ISO 3166‑1:2020, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 1: Country code (ISO 3166-1:2020)

EN ISO 13385‑1:2019, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment — Part 1: Design and metrological characteristics of callipers (ISO 13385-1:2019)

ISO 2859‑1:1999,^[1] Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes — Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection

ISO 22863‑1:2020, Fireworks — Test methods for determination of specific chemical substances — Part 1: General

ISO 22863‑2:2020, Fireworks — Test methods for determination of specific chemical substances — Part 2: Hexachlorobenzene by gas chromatography

ISO 22863‑3:2020, Fireworks — Test methods for determination of specific chemical substances — Part 3: Lead and lead compounds by atomic absorption

ISO 22863‑4:2021, Fireworks — Test methods for determination of specific chemical substances — Part 4: Analysis of lead and lead compounds by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF)

ISO 22863‑5:2021, Fireworks — Test methods for determination of specific chemical substances — Part 5: Analysis of lead and lead compounds by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP)

ISO 22863‑8:2021, Fireworks — Test methods for determination of specific chemical substances — Part 8: Arsenic content by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

ISO 22863‑9:2021, Fireworks — Test methods for determination of specific chemical substances — Part 9: Mercury content by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

ISO 22863‑11:2022, Fireworks — Test methods for determination of specific chemical substances — Part 11: Phosphorus content by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)

ISO 22863‑12:2022, Fireworks — Test methods for determination of specific chemical substances — Part 12: Picrates and picric acid by high performance liquid chromatography

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1.1

firework assembly

assembly of individual elements that have EU-type examination certification, except components

Note 1 to entry: These elements are described in Tables 4 and 5

3.1.2

generic type

set of articles with a common, very general, design feature and/or with a common characteristic effect

3.1.3

individual item

article within a generic type and/or a subtype, for which every feature and characteristic has been fixed

Note 1 to entry: Each feature and characteristic will be specified in the technical name or a technical data sheet, as appropriate.

3.1.4

subtype

set of articles within a generic type with specific design features

3.1.5

technical documentation provided with the article

all technical information about the article to be provided for EU-type examination certification

3.1.6

technical name

general description of an individual item

3.1.7

trade name

description of an individual item from a particular supplier

3.1.8

type

sample representative of the production envisaged

3.2.1

acceptance quality limit

AQL

quality level that is the worst tolerable process average when a continuing series of lots is submitted for acceptance sampling

3.2.2

batch test

test performed on a sample of products taken at random from a production batch to check compliance with a given standard

Note 1 to entry: Batch testing needs all products in the production batch to comply with the characteristics the standard requires to ensure homogeneity of the whole batch. It aims at proving that all products which are placed on the market are in conformity with the type which is described in the EU-type examination certificate and have been successfully submitted to type tests as determined by the standard.

3.2.3

biodegradable

decomposable at the end of life in naturally occurring soil conditions

Note 1 to entry: Decomposition products can comprise carbon dioxide, water, microbial mass and minerals (non-exhaustive list).

Note 2 to entry: Biodegradable materials can be both biobased or fossil-based.

3.2.4

burst height

altitude of the bursting point of the effect or the article

Note 1 to entry: For single break shells, this is the height at which the bursting charge of the shell functions. For complex shells, it is the highest bursting effect.

3.2.5

calibre

external diameter of a cylindrical or spherical firework designed to be fired from a mortar tube or the internal diameter of a tube which contains pre-assembled items

Note 1 to entry: It is important that the internal diameter of the mortar tube is close to the external diameter of the firework, enabling the existence of a peripheral gap which is a compromise between the necessity of a free motion of the firework in the tube and a lowest escape of lift gases passing by the firework during its motion in the tube.

3.2.6

critical nonconforming unit

nonconforming unit with one or more critical nonconformities, with or without major or minor nonconformities

3.2.7

critical nonconformity

nonconformity that judgement and experience indicate is likely to result in hazardous or unsafe conditions

Note 1 to entry: This type of nonconformity is referred to as 'class A nonconformity' in ISO 2859‑1:1999.

3.2.8

debris

part of the firework which remains after the firework has ceased to function

Note 1 to entry: Chemical products resulting from the combustion of the pyrotechnic compositions are not considered as “debris”.

3.2.9

delay fuse

fuse incorporated into the initial fuse of a firework to introduce a delay between firing and functioning or the internal fuse in a firework to enable sequential firing of elements of the firework

3.2.10

detonation

reaction which propagates through an explosive at supersonic velocity in the reacting explosive

3.2.11

detonative explosive

substance or mixture of substances which can undergo a fast internal decomposition reaction leading to a detonation in normal use

3.2.12

drift

movement of a firework away from the direction of firing, as a result of the action of the wind or other effects

Note 1 to entry: For instance, an aerial wheel might drift away from the vertical direction in which it was fired. Drift can be quantified in terms of angle or distance.

3.2.13

drop

information whether incandescent or burning matter hits the level where the firework is fired

3.2.14

drop height

minimum distance from the ground at which the effect ends or the falling debris stop burning

3.2.15

effect broadness

broadness of effect

horizontal dimension of the firework effect

3.2.16

effect dimension

maximum horizontal extension of the effect of aquatic fireworks perpendicularly to the direction of firing

3.2.17

effect height

maximum height achieved by the firework

Note 1 to entry: For a shell, this would equate to the burst height plus the burst radius of the shell. For waterfalls, this corresponds with the vertical length of the effect.

3.2.18

effect range

horizontal distance between the firing point and the point of explosion (or functioning) on to the water

3.2.19

effect time

total duration of effect from its visible and/or aural emergence until vanishing

3.2.20

end closure

part or crimp which is designed to seal one end of a firework case

3.2.21

explosion

sudden release of energy accompanied by a bang with or without a flash

3.2.22

firework case

container which is designed to retain pyrotechnic compositions

Note 1 to entry: Depending on its mechanical strength, this container may intentionally (by design) influence the firework's behaviour.

3.2.23

firing angle

angle (measured from the vertical) of an item as prepared for firing

3.2.24

flash powder

uncompacted pyrotechnic composition used to produce an aural effect, with or without emission of an intense and short flash light, or used as a bursting charge or lifting charge

3.2.25

flying debris

projected, propelled or dispersed part or debris of fireworks that are likely to end up in the environment

3.2.26

friction head

ignition head designed to be ignited by friction

3.2.27

fuse

small tube or cord containing a pressed or compacted pyrotechnic composition which burns gradually to ignite a pyrotechnic composition or article

Note 1 to entry: By extension, this term also applies to other types of fire transmission devices like quickmatch or blackmatch or pressed fuse.

3.2.28

gross mass

total mass of the firework which does not include any frame or other ancillary equipment

3.2.29

ignition head

initial fuse consisting of pyrotechnic composition only

3.2.30

initial fuse

component of a firework which is ignited in order to start the firework functioning

3.2.31

initial fuse time

burning time of the initial fuse

3.2.32

lifting charge

non-consolidated pyrotechnic composition used to project the firework as a whole or a subcomponent of the firework into the air

3.2.33

major nonconforming unit

nonconforming unit with one or more major nonconformities, with or without minor nonconformities, but with no critical nonconformities

3.2.34

major nonconformity

nonconformity, other than a critical nonconformity, which is likely to result in failure, to reduce materially the usability of the firework, or to increase the potential hazard

Note 1 to entry: This type of nonconformity is referred to as ‘class B nonconformity’ in ISO 2859‑1:1999.

3.2.35

minor nonconforming unit

nonconforming unit with one or more minor nonconformities, but with no critical or major nonconformities

3.2.36

minor nonconformity

nonconformity that is not likely to reduce materially the usability of the firework

Note 1 to entry: This type of nonconformity is referred to as ‘class C nonconformity’ in ISO 2859‑1:1999.

3.2.37

mortar

tube which is closed at the lower end and from which a firework is projected

3.2.38

net explosive content

NEC

mass of pyrotechnic composition in the firework

Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of this standard series, the NEC does not include the pyrotechnic composition in the initial fuse or transmitting fuses, friction or ignition heads.

3.2.39

nonconforming unit

firework or assembly of fireworks fused together at the manufacturing level with one or more nonconformities

3.2.40

nonconformity

non-fulfilment of a requirement

[SOURCE: EN ISO 9000:2015, 3.6.9] [1]

3.2.41

overall duration

time from the start of the first effect until the end of the last effect and, for an aerial wheel, the flight time from the take off until the landing

3.2.42

packaging

wrapping or encasing in which an item is presented for transport, storage and/or sale

3.2.43

plastic

material which contains, as an essential ingredient, a polymer and which, at some stage in its processing into finished products, can be shaped by heat and/or pressure

Note 1 to entry: Plastics consist mainly of polymers and minor contents of additives.

Note 2 to entry: Plastics comprise both thermoplastic and thermoset materials.

Note 3 to entry: Materials that are biodegradable are not regarded as plastics.

3.2.44

principal effect

main visual and/or aural effect the firework has been designed to display

3.2.45

projected article

article whose movement is produced by a non-consolidated pyrotechnic composition in a single event and a short duration

3.2.46

projected debris

fragments projected laterally from the firework while functioning

3.2.47

propelled article

article moved by an attached or integral motor, producing thrust over an extended period of time

3.2.48

protective pack

package of one or more fireworks which can act as protection of the means of ignition and/or for labelling purposes

3.2.49

pyrotechnic composition

explosive substance or mixture of explosive substances which is designed, on ignition or initiation, to produce heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or a combination of such effects through self-sustained exothermic chemical reactions

3.2.50

pyrotechnic leakage

pyrotechnic composition released from damaged pyrotechnic articles

3.2.51

pyrotechnic unit

discrete unit that is part of a firework which, upon functioning, will burn or explode to produce a visual and/or aural effect

Note 1 to entry: The effect produced by a pyrotechnic unit is normally part of a combination of effects produced by the firework.

3.2.52

radial effect distance

maximum distance of the effect in any direction except in the direction of firing

3.2.53

report effect

aural effect intended to produce a bang

3.2.54

transmitting fuse

component of a firework which is intended to transmit ignition from one part of a firework to another, with or without a delay

3.2.55

type test

test performed on a sample of products, representative of the production envisaged

Note 1 to entry: The successful submission to type tests leads to the attribution of a type-examination certificate.

3.2.56

wind speed

measured speed of the wind at a defined height

The list of generic types and descriptions is given in Table 1.

Table 1 — List of generic types and descriptions

The list of subtypes and descriptions is given in Table 2.

Table 2 — List of subtypes and descriptions

The list of components and descriptions is given in Table 3. The list of components is not exhaustive. These components are not only intended for use in the manufacturing process of types and subtypes, but also by persons with specialized knowledge who will be trained accordingly.

Table 3 — List of components and descriptions

The technical documentation provided with the article shall contain the minimum following information:

— detailed drawings of the article and its components with at least:

— dimensions, gross mass and net explosive content;

— all materials including plastic and biodegradable parts;

— type and percentages of chemical substances in pyrotechnic compositions;

— acceptable tolerances to be applied to performance parameters in type tests when it is different from ± 20 %;

— sound pressure level measurement distance;

— In case of presence of detonative explosives, how they are incorporated into the article and reference detonator to which equivalence is claimed;

— proposed temperature of thermal conditioning;

— for aquatic fireworks, duration of contact with water representing their normal use;

— instructions for use.

No limits are given for the NEC^[2] of Category F4 articles in this document.

When tested in accordance with 8.3.1 and 8.3.2, all the test results concerning the article dimensions and gross mass shall comply with be the technical documentation provided with the article (including tolerances).

The maximum angle of mortars in articles shall be verified by inspection in accordance with 8.3.3 during type testing and batch testing.

When the orientation of mortars in combinations is not visible, the maximum firing angle shall be displayed on the label and verified by visual inspection in accordance with 8.3.7.

Parts of fireworks likely to generate flying debris may be made of plastics provided that their design ensures that their debris have colour and dimensions that make them visible and then collectable: such demonstration shall be made by visual inspection of the technical design of the firework in accordance with 8.3.7 and application of the decision tree in accordance with Annex G.

In the opposite case, parts of fireworks likely to generate flying debris shall be made of:

— paper or cardboard;

— or biodegradable materials provided that technical solutions exist that do not affect the safety of the articles in storage, transportation and use: such justification shall be verified in type test by visual inspection of the technical documentation provided with the article in accordance with 8.3.7.

Such requirement does not apply to plastic parts of the following generic types and subtypes: Bengal flames, fountains, guided firework, lance, saxon, smoke/aerosol generator, strobe, volcano, waterfall and wheel.

The use of the following substances shall not be used:

— arsenic or arsenic compounds;

— polychlorobenzenes;

— lead or lead compounds (except for igniters);

— mercury compounds;

— white phosphorus;

— picrates or picric acid.

Presence of forbidden substances shall be checked by visual inspection of the technical documentation provided with the sample of articles for type testing in accordance with 8.3.7.

When necessary (e.g. in the case of doubtful information), the presence of such substances shall be determined in accordance with ISO 22863‑1:2020, ISO 22863‑2:2020, ISO 22863‑3:2020, ISO 22863‑4:2021, ISO 22863‑5:2021, ISO 22863‑8:2021, ISO 22863‑9:2021, ISO 22863‑11:2022 and ISO 22863‑12:2022. The measured values shall be compared to the corresponding thresholds (if any) in accordance with any applicable requirements.

NOTE National, international or European regulation regarding forbidden substances can apply.

The means of ignition shall be clearly visible or shall be indicated by labelling or instructions where applicable.

Conformity to this requirement shall be verified by visual examination in accordance with 8.3.7.

The means of ignition shall be protected to avoid accidental ignition of the fireworks either by an additional protection (protective pack or cover) or by the article itself.

Conformity to this requirement shall be verified by visual examination in accordance with 8.3.7.

Loose pyrotechnic composition after mechanical conditioning (type test)

When tested in accordance with 8.3.8, all the test results concerning the loose pyrotechnic composition found outside the article after mechanical conditioning shall be weighed. The mass of the whole loose material shall comply with technical specifications of the article (if any) and the mass of loose pyrotechnic composition shall not exceed 3 % of the NEC and not more than 1 g, whichever is the lowest for each item tested. If the pyrotechnic composition cannot be separated from the loose material, the same limits shall apply to the whole loose material.

Integrity (type test and batch test)

General requirements

There shall be no holes, splits, dents or bulges either in the body of the firework case or in the end closures, except those technically necessary for the correct functioning of the firework. If the end closures are separate components, they shall be in place. There shall be no pyrotechnic leakage of the article to be tested when it is received for testing.

Conformity to these requirements shall be verified by visual examination in accordance with 8.3.7.

Specific requirements

For combinations: each individual element shall be securely attached to the other elements or to the framework. Attachment by the transmitting fuse(s) alone shall be allowed if it is sufficient to keep the elements joined together during normal handling.

Conformity to above requirements shall be checked by visual examination in accordance with 8.3.7.

Principal effects (type test and batch test)

When tested in accordance with 8.3.10, the principal effects of each firework shall comply with those defined in the technical specifications of the article as described in Clause 4.

Functioning (type test and batch test)

For type test only, functioning test in accordance with 8.3.10 shall be performed in as-received conditions and after mechanical and thermal conditions in accordance with 8.3.8 and 8.3.9.

For type test and batch test, when tested in accordance with 8.3.10, the article shall function as intended and shall not function in an erratic and unforeseeable manner.

Stability during functioning (type test and batch test)

When used as specified in the instructions for use, the article shall remain in its initial position and maintain its integrity whilst functioning, if applicable. Conformity to these requirements shall be checked in accordance with 8.3.10.

Performance parameters (type test and batch test)

The mandatory parameters listed in Annex A shall be measured and recorded in accordance with 8.3.4, 8.3.5, 8.3.10.3 and 8.3.10.4 (if applicable).

During type tests, all test results shall be within a tolerance of ± 20 % of the measured average, except as otherwise justified by the technical documentation provided with the article. The measured average value shall be displayed on the label. This value may be rounded. Tolerances regarding performance parameters are only applicable to articles in as received condition. During batch tests, all test results shall be within a tolerance of ± 30 % from the value which is displayed on the label.

These tolerances are not applicable for sound pressure.

Sound pressure level (type test and batch test)

For articles which have report, explosion, and/or whistling effects as part of their performance, the sound pressure level shall be measured and recorded in accordance with 8.3.5.

The maximum measured value or a higher value if defined in the technical specifications of the article and the distance of measurement (distance used for measuring effect height or distance determined in the technical documentation provided with the article) shall be displayed on the label.

During batch test, the measured value shall not exceed the displayed value.

Extinguishing of flames (type test)

When tested in accordance with 8.3.6, the existence of flames observed more than 2 min after the end of functioning of the article shall be displayed on the label or in the instructions for use.

Conformity to this requirement shall be tested by visual examination in accordance with 8.3.7.

Projected debris (type test and batch test)

If the type test has shown projection of debris, the design of the firework shall be in accordance with 8.3.2 to establish whether the debris is a result of the design or malfunction of the article.

If the debris is the result of design, the instructions for use shall be checked by visual inspection in accordance with 8.3.7, to establish whether the projection of debris has been addressed (including expected distance in accordance with 8.3.10).

When tested in accordance with 8.3.10, the maximum debris distance found during type and batch tests shall not exceed the distance displayed on the label.

Burning or incandescent matter (type test and batch test)

The fall of burning or incandescent matter to the ground shall correspond to the technical specifications of the article in type test and the labelling in batch test and shall be checked during the functioning test in accordance with 8.3.10.

The following requirements shall apply to components:

— construction (see 7.3);

— thermal conditioning (type test only: see 8.3.9);

— loose composition after mechanical conditioning (type test only: see 7.5.1.1).

Fireworks of Category F4 shall not contain detonative explosives (see 3.2.10) other than black powder and flash composition, except when they meet the following conditions:

a) the extraction of the detonative explosive from the pyrotechnic article is only possible with the need of specific tools, knowledge and/or methods;

b) the pyrotechnic article, as designed and manufactured and when functioned in accordance with its intended use, cannot function in a detonative manner and cannot initiate secondary explosives;

Requirements a) and b) shall be verified by examination of the design from the technical documentation provided with the article and visual inspection in accordance with 8.3.7.

In addition, requirement b) shall be verified by test in accordance with 8.3.12, when the article exhibits a report effect.

Protective packs (if any) shall provide on their label the necessary information in accordance with 9.11. This shall be verified in accordance with 8.3.7, by visual examination.

Damaged, defective or expired pyrotechnic products shall be disposed of in accordance with instructions about safe disposal in the instructions for use. The elimination process shall have a minimum effect on the environment in accordance with national practices. This requirement shall be verified by examination of the information about safe disposal in the instructions for use in accordance with 9.14.

Type tests shall be carried out for each new article during EU-type examination certification.

Each firework shall be type tested and shall meet the following requirements:

— 7.3: Construction;

— 7.4: Means of ignition;

— 7.5: Performance;

— 7.6: Protective pack;

— Information regarding suitable instructions and, where necessary, markings in respect of safe handling, storage, use (including safety distances) and disposal, as well as specification of all devices and accessories needed and operating instructions for safe functioning of the pyrotechnic article.

For firework assembly, only the individual elements shall be type tested.

A total number of nine pyrotechnic articles shall be tested in accordance with Table 4.

Table 4 — Number of items to be tested

For aquatic fireworks and for each condition presented in Table 4, two items shall be tested to determine the effect range and one to check the waterproofness in accordance with 8.3.10.4.

For fireworks that contain detonative explosives, 3 extra items shall be tested in accordance with 8.3.12, Method A or 5 extra items shall be tested in accordance with 8.3.12, Method B.

Fireworks that are supplied in protective packs shall be tested for thermal and mechanical conditioning within the protective pack.

The test report shall include at least a reference to this document, the complete identification of the sample under test, the date of completion of testing and the relevant observations concerning the applicable test requirements for the articles under test in accordance with Table 4. The test report shall include information about the observations concerning the labelling, instructions for use, the chosen protection of the means of ignition (where appropriate) and whether a protective pack is used for labelling. For combinations, the participating elements should be listed.

Batch tests shall be carried out on articles taken from a new batch in serial production to demonstrate the conformity to the type.

For the purposes of batch testing, acceptance sampling shall be applied in accordance with 7.9.2 and 7.9.3.

For firework assembly, only the individual elements shall be batch tested.

Functioning tests shall be carried out on articles as received, without preliminary mechanical and thermal conditioning.

General sampling plans

Sampling shall be performed in accordance with ISO 2859‑1:1999, using double sampling plans and applying the switching procedures for normal, tightened and reduced inspection. Inspection level S-4 shall apply.

Sample size for small batches

In the case of batches with a lot size smaller than 1 201 pieces, sampling shall be done in accordance with Table 5.

If Table 2 is applied, no critical or major nonconformities as specified in Table 6 are acceptable:

Table 5 — Distribution of tests for small batch sizes

For fireworks supplied in protective packs, the appropriate number of protective packs shall be sampled and shall be examined in accordance with 7.9.2.1 or 7.9.2.2.

Construction and performances

Nonconformities shall be classed in accordance with Table 6.

Table 6 — Nonconformities

Labelling

In the case where the same label is used throughout a batch, the text of one label shall be examined.

In the case where a batch contains different variants, the number of different labels used in the batch shall be determined and the text of one label of each kind should be examined.

The label shall be examined in accordance with Clause 9.

The information on the label shall not be misleading or incomplete.

EXAMPLE  

— wrong or incomplete type;

— wrong or incomplete performance data which could lead to an incorrect safety distance being determined.

No spelling mistake that changes the meaning of the text shall be allowed.

A maximum of three spelling mistakes that do not change the meaning of the text shall be allowed.

The test report shall include at least a reference to this document, the complete identification of the sample under test, the date of completion of testing and the relevant observations concerning the applicable batch test requirements for the articles under tests given in Table 5. The test report shall include information about the observations concerning the labelling, instructions for use, the chosen protection of the means of ignition (if existing) and whether a protective pack is used for labelling. For combinations, the participating elements should be listed.

Nonconforming units

Acceptance or rejection of the batch shall be determined by the number of nonconforming units of each type, in accordance with 7.9.6.2 and 7.9.6.3.

NOTE Acceptance or rejection of the batch is determined by the number of nonconforming units of each type and not necessarily by the number of nonconformities found.

Critical nonconforming units

For critical nonconforming units, an AQL of 0,65 % shall apply. If the batch fails to meet this criterion, it shall be rejected. Any critical nonconforming units shall not also be counted as major nonconforming units or minor nonconforming units.

Major nonconforming units

For major nonconforming units, an AQL of 2,5 % shall apply. If the batch fails to meet this criterion, it shall be rejected. Any major nonconforming units shall not also be counted as minor nonconforming units.

Minor nonconforming units

For minor nonconforming units, an AQL of 10 % shall apply. If the batch fails to meet this criterion, it shall be rejected.

A large unobstructed area shall be wide open. The measuring points shall be positioned appropriately for the type of measurement being carried out.

For aquatic fireworks, a water test area shall be available for testing the resistance to moisture and functioning in the expected manner.

The wind speed at a height of 1,50 m above the ground shall be measured and recorded using a wind speed meter in accordance with 8.2.6. No performance testing shall be carried out if the wind speed exceeds 5,0 m/s.

8.2.1 General

Any equivalent apparatus with the same accuracy or better may be used.

8.2.2 Timing device, capable of being read to the nearest 0,1 s.

8.2.3 Calliper, flat faced vernier reading to 0,1 mm shall comply with requirements given in EN ISO 13385‑1:2019.

8.2.4 Ruler, with a scale resolution of 1,0 mm or better.

8.2.5 Measuring tape, with a scale resolution of 10 mm or better.

8.2.6 Wind speed meter, accurate to at least 0,5 m/s.

8.2.7 Balance, with an accuracy of:

— ± 0,01 g (for weight lower than 100 g)

— ± 0,1 g (for weight lower than 1 000 g)

— ± 1 g (for weight lower than 10 000 g)

— ± 10 g (for weight upper or equal to 10 000 g)

— or better.

8.2.8 Temperature chamber.

— Up to (50 ± 2,5) °C.

— Up to (75 ± 2,5) °C.

8.2.9 Sound level meter, class 1, in accordance with the requirements for a free-field microphone in EN 61672‑1:2013.

8.2.10 Shock apparatus.

The apparatus shall provide a deceleration of  m/s² (when measured at the centre of an unloaded platform) and the shock impulse duration (time elapsed from the starting of the machine's deceleration to the time in which the deceleration reaches its maximum value during each first shock pulse) shall be (2 ± 1) ms working at a frequency of (1,0 ± 0,1) Hz.

An example of an apparatus is shown in Annex C.

8.2.11 Devices for measuring heights.

Heights shall be measured using universal surveying instruments (USI) such as theodolites, electronic spirit levels, viewing screens or video (visible and/or infrared) systems.

The reading of such devices shall be equal, better or comparable to 1°.

Examples of measuring methods and the calculation of the height are given in Annex D.

8.2.12 Goniometer, reading to 1° or better.

8.2.13 Mortar.

The rising height of shells depends particularly on the clearance of the shell in the mortar (ratio of the maximum cross section area of the shell (A_shell) to the inner cross section area of the mortar (A_mortar)), also designated as “Q”. Q is the ratio of the outer diameter of the shell (d_o,shell, including the fuse to the lifting charge) squared over the inner diameter of the mortar (d_i,mortar) squared. The outer diameter of the shell shall be measured horizontally at the place of largest diameter including the fuse to the lifting charge. The conditions of the following formulae shall be achieved:

(1)

(2)

For calibre ≤ 100 mm, a wider tolerance can be accepted. The conditions of the following formulae shall be achieved:

(3)

(4)

Another determining factor influencing the rising height is the length of the mortar (l_mortar) – length from the mortar muzzle to the mortar ground.

The dimensions of the mortar may also be determined from Figures 1, 2 and 3.

Key

X calibre of the shell, in mm

Y internal diameter of the mortar, in mm

  Q = 0,98

  Q = 0,9

Figure 1 — Dimensions of the mortars for shells – Calibre above 100 mm

Key

X calibre of the shell, in mm

Y internal diameter of the mortar, in mm

  Q = 0,98

  Q = 0,83

Figure 2 — Dimensions of the mortars for shells – Calibre up to 100 mm

Key

X calibre of the shell, in mm

Y length of the mortar, in mm

  l_mortar = 6 × d_n + 70

  l_mortar = 4 × d_n + 120

  4 × d_n + 120 ≤ l_mortar ≤ 6 × d_n + 70

d_n nominal calibre

Figure 3 — Range of the mortar length for shells

Outer dimension of item

Apparatus

— Ruler (see 8.2.4).

Procedure

NOTE Any equivalent method with the same sensitivity and the same accuracy or better can be used.

Use the ruler to measure the outer dimensions of the tested article to the nearest of 1,0 mm and record the results.

Determination of calibre

Apparatus

— Calliper (see 8.2.3).

Procedure

NOTE Any equivalent method with the same sensitivity and the same accuracy or better can be used.

Use the calliper (see 8.2.3) to measure the calibre of the tested article at least three times at different positions on the article and to the nearest of 0,1 mm and record the results.

Determination of gross mass

NOTE Any equivalent method with the same sensitivity and the same accuracy or better can be used.

Use the balance (see 8.2.7) to measure the gross mass of the tested article and record the results.

Compare the actual article with the detailed drawing as given in the technical documentation provided with the article.

Observe and record any nonconformity of the articles (dimensions, mass, shape, material, tolerances, etc.) compared to the technical documentation provided with the article.

Apparatus

Goniometer (see 8.2.12).

Procedure

NOTE Any equivalent method with the same sensitivity and the same accuracy or better can be used.

For determination of the tube angle, dismantle the functioned article (if necessary) in such a way that the angle of the tube against the vertical can be measured with goniometer (see Figure 4) and record the results.

Key

1 base of firework

2 tube of mine, Roman candle or shot tube

Figure 4 — Determination of tube angle

General

The fireworks shall be fired vertically (firing device at 90° ± 2°).

The measurement of heights may be made according to one of the methods described in Annex D.

Dimensions of mortar

For type and batch tests, specified standard mortars (8.2.13) shall be used. Tables for the standardized inside diameter and inside length are given in 8.2.13.

When the height of a shell casing (excluding the lifting charge) is more than twice the calibre, for all shells with a calibre greater than 400 mm and for shells that are designed to be fired from a specific mortar, the mortar recommended in the instructions for use shall be used.

Support of mortar

The mortar shall be supported in such a way that it is not displaced by the firing of the tested article.

No deformable material shall be placed under the mortar.

Apparatus

— Sound level meter (see 8.2.9);

— Measuring tape (see 8.2.5).

Procedure

NOTE 1 Any equivalent method with the same sensitivity and the same accuracy or better can be used.

Set up the microphone of the sound level meter in the test area (see 8.1) at a height of 1,0 m. The sound level meter shall be orientated to the firing point.

The distance between the measuring and firing point may be the same as for the measuring of the rising height in accordance with 8.3.4.

Place and ignite the test sample as specified in the labelled instructions and instructions for use, and record the maximum A-weighted impulse sound pressure levels as measured by the sound level meter (see 8.2.9) and the distance from the firing point (see 8.2.5).

NOTE 2 An example of the calculation method for safety/protection distance is given in Annex E.

Apparatus

— Timing device (see 8.2.2).

Procedure

NOTE Any equivalent method with the same sensitivity and the same accuracy or better can be used.

At the moment the tested article ceases to function (see 8.3.10.2), immediately start the timing device (see 8.2.2) and record the time until all flames caused by the functioning of the fireworks have extinguished.

The visual inspection shall be done by naked eye.

The audible inspection shall be done by suitably protected ears at the relevant distance.

For visual inspection, record whether the requirement is fulfilled or not. For visual and audible inspections, record whether the expected principal effect is obtained.

Apparatus

— Shock apparatus (see 8.2.10);

— Balance (see 8.2.7);

— Timing Device (see 8.2.2).

Procedure

NOTE Any equivalent method with the same sensitivity and the same accuracy or better can be used.

Place a sheet of paper on the platform of the mechanical shock apparatus and place the test samples on the top of the sheet of paper. For articles that are supplied in protective packs, condition the appropriate number of complete, unopened packs to meet the required number of articles to be submitted to mechanical conditioning in accordance with 7.8.2. Cover the test samples or packs and secure the covering to the platform around its edges so that the articles do not move off the platform. Run the shock apparatus (see 8.2.10) for 1 h.

At the end of the conditioning period stop the shock apparatus (see 8.2.10) and remove the test samples or protective packs. For samples which have been conditioned in protective packs, carefully open the packs, remove the samples and empty any loose material on to the sheet of paper. If possible, separate any pyrotechnic composition from the loose material and weigh this pyrotechnic composition with the balance.

Where the tested article contains sealing paper, ignition head(s) and/or friction head(s), record whether there was any of these damaged or loose after the mechanical conditioning.

Apparatus

Temperature chamber (see 8.2.8).

Procedure

NOTE Any equivalent method with the same sensitivity and the same accuracy or better can be used.

Store the fireworks for 2 days at a temperature of (75 ± 2,5) °C or 4 weeks at a temperature of (50 ± 2,5) °C in the temperature chamber (see 8.2.8) in accordance with the choice made in the technical documentation provided with the article and then for at least two days at room temperature before testing. For fireworks which were supplied in protective packs, condition the fireworks by storing the appropriate number of complete unopened packs.

Record if any article presents sign of ignition or chemical reaction. If any signs are visible, the test is failed and no re-test is possible.

Record whether any articles are damaged to an extent that might affect their functioning.

Apparatus

— Test area (see 8.1);

— Water test area where applicable (see 8.1.1);

— Mortar (see 8.2.13);

— Measuring tape (see 8.2.5).

Procedure

NOTE Any equivalent method with the same sensitivity and the same accuracy or better can be used.

Articles shall be fired vertically upwards unless specified otherwise in the instructions for use. For waterfalls, the article shall be fired vertically downwards, unless specified otherwise in the instructions for use.

Place the test sample onto the testing site as specified in 8.1.1 and ignite test sample as specified in the labelled instructions and the instructions for use. Aquatic fireworks shall be tested as specified in the instructions for use, including the duration of contact with water representing their normal use in accordance with the technical documentation provided with the article. For checking the resistance to moisture and functioning under wet conditions, aquatic fireworks shall be ignited in the water test area.. The measurement, visible and audible inspection (see 8.3.7) while functioning (if this is applicable for the tested article) shall be observed and shall record the conformity:

— to the related principal effect (see 7.5.2.1);

— to the angle of ascent and burst or effect height (see 7.5.2.4);

— to the sound pressure level (see 7.5.2.5);

— to the extinguishing of flames (see 7.5.2.6);

— to the projected debris (see 7.5.2.7) by using a measuring tape (type or batch test) or using a distance marking on the test area (batch test);

— to the fall of burning or incandescent matter to the ground (see 7.5.2.8);

and shall check that:

— all pyrotechnic units function completely;

— the article remains in its initial position whilst functioning (if applicable) (see 7.5.2.3);

— no explosion or rupture occurs during function (except when explosion is intended or principal effect) (7.5.2.2);

— the elements of the tested article are securely attached;

The list of possible nonconformities is specified in Annex B.

Monitoring of effect, rising/bursting and drop height

For single-break shells and rockets, two positions for monitoring the height of ascent and angle of flight shall be provided, at an adequate measured distance and at preferably 90° to each other or at a sufficient angle to ensure a good uncertainty of measurement (depending on the method of measurement and calculation of the heights). For all other articles, one measuring position may be used. In order to achieve a reasonable uncertainty of measurement, the distance between firing point and measurement location, referred to as “base length” here, shall be adjusted to the measurement device.

If two measuring points are necessary, vertical and horizontal angles shall be recorded. In case of one measuring point, at least the vertical angle shall be recorded.

For combinations where tubes are placed at an angle, the direction of the trajectories shall have a 90° angle to the measurement point. Examples are illustrated by figures in Annex D.

For multi-effect articles, the burst or effect height of the highest effect shall be measured.

The vertical angle should not exceed 60°; optimal would be having angles between 30° and 50°. If the monitoring positions are not in the same horizontal plane, corrections should be made in the calculation of heights. Generally, the measuring distance should be adapted to the fireworks (anticipated rising/bursting height).

Check whether the effects reach the ground in accordance with 7.5.2.7.

Monitoring of effect range and effect dimensions of aquatic fireworks

One position for monitoring the effect range and dimensions shall be provided at an adequate measuring distance.

In order to achieve reasonable uncertainty of measurement, the distance between the firing point and the measurement location shall be adjusted to the measurement device.

The effect dimensions can also be measured during the ignition on the water test area.

Apparatus

— Calliper (see 8.2.3).

Procedure

NOTE Any equivalent method with the same sensitivity and the same accuracy or better can be used.

Using the calliper (see 8.2.3), measure the dimensions of the CE-marking. Record whether the size and format of the CE-marking are correct.

General

The purpose of this test is to check that the tested articles:

— cannot detonate the booster described in 8.3.12.2.1 (Method A); if this booster is initiated and detonates, the article has the capacity to detonate secondary explosives

— or develop a mean equivalent shock energy and/or a mean equivalent bubble energy that are smaller than the same energies developed by 0,25 g of PETN (Method B); if not, the article has the capacity to detonate secondary explosives.

The test is carried out at (20 ± 5) °C.

Methods A and B are equivalent. Method A shall be chosen for articles that are not waterproof.

Test Method A

Apparatus

The equipment and material needed for the test is composed of:

— (150 ± 10) mm × (150 ± 10) mm steel witness plates of (3,2 ± 0,2) mm thickness placed on sand soil/ground, serving to determine whether detonation occurs; the mechanical properties of the steel to be used shall be the following:

— Tensile strength: 580 MPa (±20 % variation)

— Elongation (per cent): 21 (±20 % variation)

— Brinell hardness: 160 (±20 % variation)

— Cylindrical booster charge of 50 ± 1 mm diameter, consisting of 75 g - 100 g RDX/wax (95/5) with a density of (1450 to 1600) ± 50 kg/m³. Its ends shall exhibit a flat surface.

Procedure

3 articles shall be tested under the conditions described here below.

Place the article at one end of the booster in such a way that it touches the flat surface. As a rule, the known or anticipated effect is orientated towards the centre of the booster. If these conditions cannot be kept (e.g. due to its shape), the article shall be placed in the best way as if it was intended to initiate the booster.

Then place the other end of the booster into contact with the steel plate in the anticipated direction of the possible detonation.

Fire the article.

After the initiation and functioning of the article, the result of the test is considered to be a detonation of the booster if a clean hole is punched through the steel plate. In the other case, no detonation has occurred although the explosive of the booster was dispersed or partly reacted.

Repeat the test on two other articles

The test result is recorded in the following way:

— “Capacity to detonate secondary explosives” is reported for the article, if at least one detonation of boosters occurred during the test;

— if not, the article has “no capacity to detonate secondary explosives”.

Test method B

General

This test is based on the principle that the detonation of an explosive charge under water generates a spherical shock-wave and a volume of gas, which expands and then collapses as the bubble rises through the water. The shock-wave and the volume of gas bear a finite relationship to the energy released. Thus, by measuring:

— the shock-wave pressure; and

— the time interval between the shock-wave pressure peak and the first collapse of the gas bubble,

and calculating the parameters proportional to:

— equivalent shock energy, and

— equivalent bubble energy.

The energy output of the test detonators can be compared with the energy output of the reference detonator to which equivalence is claimed in the technical documentation provided with the article.

The water temperature shall not vary by more than ± 2 °C, and the atmospheric pressure shall not vary by more than ± 5 kPa during the test. The amount of water in the tank and the type of sensor shall not vary during the test.

Apparatus

The equipment and material needed for the test is composed of:

— blasting tank (water tank or large water outdoor facility), with a volume of at least 500 l, and with minimum dimensions to immerse the positioning system with the attached item to be tested and the pressure sensor so that the distance between the item to be tested and any other object is ≥ 200 mm. It shall be constructed in such a way that shock-wave reflections from the walls are avoided, for example, in the case of a water tank (as shown in Figure 5), by lining the walls with polyurethane foam.

— positioning system, for the pressure sensor and item to be tested, made from a material that is form-stable when immersed into water for the duration of the test. It shall allow the immersion of the item to be tested and the pressure sensor to water depth of (400 + 5) mm as measured from the lowest points of the item to be tested as shown in Figure 5. It shall keep the item to be tested and the pressure sensor at a horizontal distance of (400 + 5) mm measured between their centrelines (See Figure 5). The distance between any wall and the item shall be at least 200 mm.

— pressure sensor capable of being used under water with a rise time < 2 µs. It shall be capable of measuring pressures up to 20 MPa.

— amplifier, with suitable gain and facility to connect the sensors and the oscilloscope.

— storage oscilloscope, with minimum 10 MHz sampling frequency.

— computer, with software for calculation of results.

— thermometer, readable to the nearest 1°C to measure the water temperature.

— barometer, readable to the nearest 1 hPa to measure the atmospheric pressure.

Dimensions in millimetres

Key

1 positioning arrangement

2 water tank

3 item to be tested

4 pressure sensor

5 non-reflecting, energy-absorbing material

Figure 5 — Example of water tank with positioning system for sensor and item to be tested

Procedure

5 articles shall be tested under the conditions described here below.

For calibration purposes and comparison, 5 reference detonators Type 1 (0,25 g PETN) in accordance with EN 13763‑1:2025 shall be tested at first for a test series under the same conditions and measurements.

— Immerge the item to be tested and fix it vertically at (400 ± 5) mm from the pressure sensor and at least 200 mm from the wall of the tank;

— fire the item as specified in the instructions for use;

— record the shock-wave pressure and the time interval between the shock-wave pressure peak and the first collapse of the gas bubble;

— calculate the equivalent shock energy and the equivalent bubble energy in accordance with 8.3.12.3.4;

— repeat the test with the other four articles.

At the end of the tests, calculate the mean of the equivalent shock energies and the equivalent bubble energies of the five tests; calculate also the mean of the equivalent shock energies and the equivalent bubble energies of the five standard 0,25 g PETN detonators.

The test result is recorded in the following way:

— “Capacity to detonate secondary explosives” is reported for the article, if the mean of the equivalent shock energies and the equivalent bubble energies of the five tests exceeds the mean of the equivalent shock energies and the equivalent bubble energies of the five standard 0,25 g PETN detonators;

— if not, the article has “no capacity to detonate secondary explosives”.

Calculation of results

Equivalent shock energy:

— By exploiting the output voltage from the pressure sensor, the computer and software calculates the integral under the squared pressure/time curve, from which the equivalent shock energy (E_s), in Pa² s, can be derived, using the following formula: 

(5)

where

P is the measured pressure, in pascals;

θ is the time, in seconds, at which the sensor output has decreased to P_max/e, where P_max is the maximum measured pressure and e is the base of natural logarithms.

— Calculate the individual values and mean values for the tested items and for the standard 0,25 g PETN detonators.

Equivalent bubble energy:

— The bubble energy, in s³, can be calculated using the formula given below, based on the time interval between the shock-wave pressure peak and the first collapse of the gas bubble created from the detonation gases: 

(6)

where

t_b is the bubble period, in seconds, between the shock-wave pressure peak and the first collapse of the gas bubble produced by the detonation gases.

— Calculate the individual values and mean values for the tested items and for the standard 0,25 g PETN detonators.

Fireworks shall be marked with the minimum information in accordance with 9.2 to 9.12.

Conformity to the requirements specified in 9.1 to 9.12 shall be verified by visual examination.

For each language, the minimum specified information shall be presented as a whole and shall not be interrupted by other text. Additional text given in any language shall not conflict with the above specified information.

Labels to be provided directly on the article (or on the smallest piece of packaging if the article does not provide sufficient space for the labelling requirements) shall include the subtype (or generic type if the article does not belong to a subtype) (see Clauses 4 and 5).

EXAMPLE 1 “Shell” or “Bengal flame” or “Shell in mortar”.

Whenever it is likely to ensure a safe and correct use of the article, a concise designation of specific characteristics may be added.

EXAMPLE 2 “5 shot Roman candle” or “report-terminated fountain”.

If a trade name is used in addition to the type name, it shall not conflict with the principal effects of the relevant type of firework or with the name of another generic or subtype of firework.

The registration number for tracing products shall be marked in accordance with the example below:

EXAMPLE XXXX - F4 - ZZZZ...

where XXXX refers to the identification number of the notified body issuing the EU-type examination certification, F4 meaning Category F4 firework, and where ZZZZ... is a processing number given by the notified body.

NOTE Regarding categorizations of fireworks, see Directive 2013/29/EU Article 3 (1) (a).

The labelling of the firework shall also include as a minimum the following:

— product;

— batch;

— serial number.

CE-marking is followed by the identification number of the notified body responsible for:

— monitoring the existing quality system (in case of Modules D, E, and H); and/or

— checking conformity to type in accordance with Module C2 where the notified body intervened during the manufacturing phase.

The abbreviation “NEC” may be used for the labelling.

The safety and disposal information provided in the instructions for use shall be readily available.

The following sentence “For use only by persons with specialist knowledge” shall be printed on the label and emphasized by use of a heading, or bold type, or similar.

The year of production shall be printed on the label, either by 4 or 2 digits, e.g. “2026” or “26”.

The address of the manufacturer shall indicate a single point at which the manufacturer can be contacted.

Labelling shall be clear, understandable, intelligible and on a contrasting background.

NOTE Regarding CE marking, see Article 30 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008.

If the firework does not provide enough space to carry all the specified information, at least the registration number and the CE-marking (followed by the identification number of the notified body (see 9.4)) and the manufacturer's details or, if the manufacturer is not established in the European Union, the importer's details shall be given on the firework, if at all possible.

In this case, other information will be given on a protective pack label and the firework shall be supplied only in this protective pack. Where the information printed on the protective pack might be affected by the opening of the pack, it shall be designed so as to prevent loss of information when the label is broken. The protective pack shall be marked with the statement: “Must be supplied as packaged”. This statement shall appear adjacent to the type name or category.

Minimum safety distance(s) and an alpha-2 country code element in accordance with EN ISO 3166‑1:2020, Table E.1, shall be stated on the label for the country where the article is intended to be placed on the market.

NOTE National regulations can apply.

The following information shall be printed additionally on the label: “Minimum safety distance to be determined by user in real conditions of use according to the supplied product data” and “Article to be used in accordance with written instructions and national regulations”.

For every generic type, the following parameter shall be printed, if applicable (see Annex F):

The above-mentioned parameters are necessary for calculating the safety distances and shall be given in one text box on the label.

Every value shall be displayed in SI units (International System of Units).

The effect parameters as stated above shall be placed in the order of appearance above, in accordance with the following format:

X: Y

where

X is the parameter A, B, C, D, E, R or W;

Y is the numerical value of the parameter with its unit or an appropriate mark
(for example: ✓ or −).

Additional optional parameters as specified in Annex F may be printed on the label, as long as they are kept separate from the mandatory parameters and the coding, if used, is compliant with Annex F.

For combinations equipped with multiple initial fuses, each fuse shall be clearly identified.

If the firing orientation is not apparent from the design of the exterior of the article, then sufficient information about it shall be provided on the label.

For combinations with angled components, the maximum angle of firing shall be displayed on the label.

In cases where a specific mortar is required, the following sentence shall be displayed on the label: “Use specific mortar (see instructions).”

Information on the specific mortar shall be included in the instructions for use.

For components designed to be placed on the market, the labelling shall be in accordance with 9.1 to 9.10.

Additional information may be displayed on the labelling or on the instructions for use, provided that this does not conflict with the mandatory information.

Instructions for safe handling, storage, use and disposal shall be supplied, including information regarding special equipment for use if necessary.

The information as required by 9.11.1 shall be included in the instructions for use.

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Mandatory/optional performance parameters

Generic types as listed in Clause 4, Table 1 shall be in accordance with the performance parameters of Table A.1.

Table A.1 — Mandatory/optional performance parameters for generic type

An example of burst height for shells is given in Figure A.1.

Key

a effect width

b effect height

c rising/bursting height

Figure A.1 — Example of burst height for shells

An example of effect height for fountains is given in Figure A.2.

Key

a effect width

b effect height

Figure A.2 — Example of effect height for fountains

1. 
   (informative)
   
   List of nonconformities for Category F4 fireworks regarding
   safety in functioning

The list of nonconformities for Category F4 fireworks regarding safety in functioning is given in Table B.1.

Table B.1 — List of nonconformities for articles regarding safety in functioning

1. 
   (informative)
   
   Mechanical conditioning (shock apparatus)

The shock apparatus comprises the following components as illustrated in the Figures C.1, C.2 and C.3:

C.1 Flat horizontal platform (see Figure C.1, item 2), made of steel, 800 mm × 600 mm, 2 mm to 3 mm thick, with a 3 mm thick rim having a height of 15 mm; the platform is reinforced with eight steel ribs, 5 mm thick with a height of 30 mm, which are welded to the underside and run from the centre to each of the four corners and to the middle of each edge;

C.2 Plate of fibreboard, 20 mm thick (see Figure C.1, item 2), firmly attached to the platform by screws;

C.3 Cylindrical steel boss (see Figure C.1, item 3), diameter 125 mm and height 35 mm, located under the centre of the platform;

C.4 Shaft, 284 mm long (see Figure C.1, item 9), with diameter of 20 mm, fixed to the centre of the boss;

C.5 Restraining peg (see Figure C.1, item 1), to prevent the platform from rotating; the mass of the platform assembly (items a) to e)) is 23 ± 1 kg;

C.6 Annular, elastomeric pressure spring (see Figure C.1, item 4), with a Shore A hardness (see EN ISO 868:2003 [2]), outside diameter 125 mm, inside diameter 27 mm and height 32 mm, on which the cylindrical boss will rest;

C.7 Shallow steel cylinder (see Figure C.1, item 5), inside diameter 126 mm, wall thickness 5 mm, outside height 30 mm, with a base 8 mm thick which has a 25 mm diameter hole drilled through the centre, to contain the elastomeric spring;

C.8 Supporting steel cylinder (see Figure C.1, item 6), outside diameter 80 mm, inside diameter 60,1 mm and height 92,4 mm, to which the shallow cylinder is screwed;

C.9 PVC liner (see Figure C.1, item 7), outside diameter 60 mm, inside diameter 20,2 mm and height 92,4 mm, located inside the supporting cylinder and attached by a screw;

C.10 Steel mounting plate (see Figures C.1, item 8, and C.2, item 1), thickness 12 mm with a 25 mm hole drills through the centre, to which the supporting steel cylinder is screwed;

C.11 Steel base plate (see Figure C.2, item 3), thickness 12 mm;

C.12 Four supporting pillars (see Figures C.1, item 10, and C.2, item 2), height 260 mm and diameter 32 mm, screwed to the mounting plate and to the base plate;

C.13 Framework to support the based plate so that the complete assembly is at a convenient height;

C.14 Attachment to the shaft, allowing adjustment to the overall length, fitted with a cam wheel, outside diameter 30,0 mm, with a contact surface 8,0 mm wide;

C.15 Cylindrical cam (see Figure C.3, item 1), outside diameter 120 mm, inside diameter 100 mm, wall thickness 10 mm, with a “vertical drop” of 50,0 mm between the high point and the low point;

C.16 Collar (see Figure C.3, item 2), outside diameter 50 mm, height 4,0 mm;

C.17 Electric motor and suitable gearing, to rotate the cam at a rotational frequency of 1 Hz;

C.18 Cellular rubber sheet, 100 mm thick. The material used should have an apparent density of 35 kg/m³ (see EN ISO 845:2009 [3]), and an indention hardness check of 215 N (see EN ISO 2439:2008 [4]).

Key

1 restraining peg

2 platform

3 boss

4 pressure spring

5 cup

6 supporting cylinder

7 PVC liner

8 mounting plate

9 shaft

10 supporting pillar

Figure C.1 — Detail of top section of mechanical shock apparatus

Key

1 mounting plate

2 supporting pillar

3 base plate

Figure C.2 — General assembly of mechanical shock apparatus

Key

1 cam

2 collar

3 cam wheel

Figure C.3 — Detail of shaft attachment and cam assembly of mechanical shock apparatus

1. 
   (informative)
   
   Procedures for calculation of heights

The following methods may be used for the calculation of heights (considering that the meaning of β is not the same for the two methods):

a) Method 1

This procedure allows performing measurements with equipment that is not located at the same height as the firing point and at 90° to each other.

Firing takes place only in vertical direction (90° from the horizontal plane at the place of firing) and measurements shall only take place with a wind velocity of less than 5 m/s.

Measurement requires two locations – T1 and T2 – which should be preferably, but not necessarily, located at 90° to each other with respect to the firing point (see Figure D.1).

Suitable equipment for height measurement is any kind of regular device for measuring two angles at the same time, specifically the elevation angles α₁ and α₂ (0 - 90°, 1° steps) and the azimuth angles β₁ and β₂ (0 - 180°, 1° steps) of the bursting point B (or maximum point of effect) of the firework seen from T1 and T2.

Differences in height of the measurement locations T1 and T2 shall be taken into account, corresponding to h₁ and h₂ in Figure D.1.

The effect height (or rising height, or drop height) H is determined from the angles α₁ and α₂, β₁ and β₂, and the horizontal distance D_1,2 between T1 and T2 through the following formulae:

(D.1)

(D.2)

and

(D.3)

With these formulae, it is not necessary to know the distances of the two measurement locations T₁ and T₂ from the firing point O, or their angle to each other from this point.

Key

P₀ horizontal plane passing through the firing point O

P₁ horizontal plane passing through the measurement location T1

P₂ horizontal plane passing through the measurement location T2

h₁, h₂ heights of the measurement locations T1 and T2 from plane P₀ respectively, measured and recorded by the suitable equipment located at points T1 and T2

O’ vertical projection of the bursting point B (or maximum point of effect) of the firework on plane P₀

D_1,2 horizontal distance between T1 and T2

α₁, α₂ elevation angles of the bursting point B (or maximum point of effect) of the firework measured and recorded by the suitable equipment located at T1 and T2

β₁, β₂ azimuth angles of the bursting point B (or maximum point of effect) of the firework measured and recorded by the suitable equipment located at T1 and T2

H effect height to be calculated from D_1,2, h₁ and h₂, α₁ and α₂, β₁ and β₂

Figure D.1 — Measurement set-up for shells

Measurement of the horizontal distance D_1,2 should take place with an uncertainty of measurement of at least ± 1 % of the distance.

b) Method 2

Suitable equipment for height measurement is any kind of regular device for measuring two angles at the same time, specifically the vertical angle (0 - 90°, 1° steps) and the horizontal angle (0 - 360°, 1° steps).

Measurement requires two locations which should be preferably located at 90° to each other with respect to the firing point (see Figure D.2).

When using a USI (see 8.2.10) both angles, the vertical and the horizontal angle, shall be measured. Differences in height of the measurement locations shall be taken into account.

Key

h₁, h₂ calculated heights from vertical planes

b horizontal distance between the measuring points and the firing point

α₁, α₂ measured elevation angles of the bursting point (or maximum point of effect)

β₁, β₂ measured azimuth angles of the bursting point (or maximum point of effect)

a vertical plane

b horizontal plane

Figure D.2 — Measurement set-up for shells

In the case of a vertical trajectory of the display shell (i.e. the horizontal angles are less than ± 2°) the effect height, rising height, and drop height h is determined from the vertical angles α₁ and α₂ and the base length b (distance between firing point and measurement location) through the following formula:

(D.4)

With this formula, it is possible to calculate the heights independently for each measurement location, this making it possible to use different base lengths. Both values are averaged.

For a non-vertical trajectory, the actual height is calculated in accordance with the following formulae:

(D.5)

and

(D.6)

The angles β₁ and β₂ are the horizontal angles.

The effect height can be calculated as in the following formula:

(D.7)

In order to achieve a reasonable uncertainty of measurement, the distance between firing point and measurement location, referred to as base length here, shall be adjusted to the measurement device. For an expected rising height of 300 m the base length of at least 175 m is chosen, for example.

Measurement of the base length should take place with an uncertainty of measurement of at least ± 1 % of the distance.

1. 
   (informative)
   
   Calculation method for safety-/protection distance

Key

1 bursting point

2 rising and bursting height

3 measuring distance/safety distance

4 technician in measurement

  technology: audience

5 measuring height 1 m

Figure E.1 — Measurement set-up for sound pressure level

In the case of an effect with a high sound pressure level the safety/protection distance between the articles and the audience may be calculated as follows:

(E.1)

where

R_S is the minimum safety distance (depending of sound pressure);

R_m is the measuring distance;

L_S is the sound pressure limit, in dB;

L_m is the sound pressure level measured on the measuring point, in dB.

1. 
   (informative)
   
   List of mandatory and optional parameters and corresponding codes

The coding of mandatory and optional parameters shall be in accordance with Table F.1.

See Annex A for applicability as mandatory or optional parameters.

Table F.1 — List of mandatory and optional parameters and corresponding codes

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Decision tree for Category F4 fireworks containing plastic parts

The decision criteria related to the fireworks which contain plastic parts shall be in accordance with Figure G.1.

Figure G.1 — Decision tree for Category F4 fireworks containing plastic parts

1. 
   (informative)
   
   Relationship between this European Standard and the essential safety requirements of Directive 2013/29/EU aimed to be covered

This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request M/583 “Standardization mandate assigned to CEN concerning pyrotechnic articles” to provide one voluntary means of conforming to essential safety requirements of Directive 2013/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 June 2013 on the harmonization of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of pyrotechnic articles (recast).

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive 2013/29/EU, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential safety requirements of that Directive 2013/29/EU, and associated EFTA regulations.

Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 2013/29/EU

WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European Union.

WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard.

Bibliography

[1] EN ISO 9001:2015, Quality management systems — Requirements (ISO 9001:2015)

[2] EN ISO 868:2003, Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness) (ISO 868:2003)

[3] EN ISO 845:2009, Cellular plastics and rubbers — Determination of apparent density (ISO 845:2006)

[4] EN ISO 2439:2008, Flexible cellular polymeric materials — Determination of hardness (indentation technique) (ISO 2439:2008)

[5] Directive 2013/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 June 2013 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of pyrotechnic articles (recast), OJL 178; 28.6.2013, available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:178:0027:0065:en:PDF

[6] Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 09 July 2008 setting out the requirements for accreditation relating to the marketing of products and repealing regulation (EEE) No 339/93, OJL 218, 13.8.2008, available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02008R0765-20210716

1. Impacted by ISO 2859-1:1999/A1:2011 ↑

2. The NEC may have an influence (directly or indirectly) on the safety distances. For Category F4 fireworks, it is agreed that no fixed minimum safety distances are specified, contrary to Category F1, F2 and F3 fireworks. The safe use of Category F4 fireworks is one of the major responsibilities of the person with specialist knowledge who should determine the minimum safety distance by using the information given in 9.11. ↑