ISO/DIS 13993:2026(en)

ISO/TC 83/SC 4

Secretariat: ASI

Date: 2025-11-07

Rental ski shop practice — Sampling and inspection of complete and incomplete alpine ski-binding-boot systems in rental applications

© ISO 2026

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.

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Published in Switzerland

Contents

Foreword v

Introduction vi

1 Scope 1

2 Normative references 1

3 Terms and definitions 1

4 Summary of rental operation process 4

4.1 General 4

4.2 Pre-conditioning 6

4.2.1 General 6

4.2.2 Compatibility check 6

4.2.3 Pre-season or in-season inspection 6

4.2.4 Incomplete Inspection 7

4.3 Rental procedure and agreement 7

5 Test Device 7

6 Equipment inspection requirements 8

6.1 Pre-season inspection process 8

6.2 Pre-season check 8

6.2.1 Boot inspection 8

6.2.2 Boot evaluation 9

6.2.3 Binding inspection 9

6.2.4 Binding evaluation 9

6.3 In-season inspection process 10

6.3.1 General 10

6.3.2 Threshold percentage of in-use range measurements 10

6.3.3 Threshold for measurements outside in-use range 10

6.4 In-season check 10

6.4.1 General 10

6.4.2 Inspection 10

6.4.3 Evaluation 10

6.5 In-season sampling requirements 10

6.5.1 Sample size 10

6.5.2 Sampling frequency and handling deviations 11

6.5.3 Sampling size and frequency for lower volume 11

Annex A (normative) Functional and release test requirements 12

A.1 Description of functional inspections 12

A.1.1 Test for elastic travel and recentering 12

A.1.2 Test for symmetrical release 12

A.1.3 Test of binding/boot, compatibility 12

A.1.3.1 General 12

A.1.3.2 Application of lubricant 12

A.1.3.3 Cleaning procedure 12

A.2 Release inspection 12

A.2.1 Tests for twist release 12

A.2.2 Test for forward lean release 13

A.2.3 Other release tests 13

A.3 Test conditions 13

A.3.1 Visual indicator setting for functional tests 13

A.3.2 Preconditioning binding 13

A.3.3 Temperature 13

A.3.4 Load rate 13

A.4 Flowcharts of practice procedures 14

Annex B (informative) In-season sampling size according 6.5.1 and maximum number of systems outside inspection range but inside in use range according 6.5.2.2 18

Bibliography 19

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 83, Sports and other recreational facilities and equipment, Subcommittee SC 4, Snowsports equipment.

This third edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13993:2019), which has been technically revised.

The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

a) a new Clause 4 has been added with summary of rental operation process;

b) the difference between preseason inspection and in-season inspection has been clarified (see Clause 6);

c) a new simplified pre-season inspection has been added for certain combinations of equipment in the inventory where at least one component is unused (see 6.1);

d) sampling requirements have been specified in 6.5;

e) the test for elastic travel and recentring in A.1.1 has been simplified;

f) terms and definitions in Clause 3 have been revised and new terms have been added where appropriate;

g) normative references in Clause 2 have been updated;

h) the text has been editorially revised.

This document is intended to be used for alpine ski binding boot systems where the ski bindings are according to ISO 9462 and the ski boots are according to ISO 5355 or ISO 23223.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

Introduction

This document is intended to provide guidelines for performing functional inspections and adjustments of alpine ski-binding-boot systems. Adhering to these guidelines may help to reduce the risk of injuries resulting from improper mechanical functioning of releasable binding systems. However, skiing involves inherent and other risks. Injury can result from simply falling down, impact with an object or from many other actions. Many injuries are unrelated to binding function. Furthermore, even a properly functioning binding cannot release under all injury-producing loads. Therefore, it is clarified that compliance with these guidelines in no way guarantees that injury can be prevented.

The purpose of this practice is to aid in providing the end user with an appropriate functioning ski/binding/boot system and associated release/retention characteristics by providing the rental facility with an ongoing program for monitoring the appropriateness of functional characteristics of the system. It is assumed that these procedures are integrated into the maintenance and operating procedures specified by the equipment manufacturers (for example, in manufacturer-provided technical manuals). This practice is not intended to create additional or redundant requirements for the rental facility. However, this practice should be the basis for the development of rental procedures if the equipment manufacturer’s maintenance and operating procedures do not specifically state that they are in compliance with this practice. This practice will aid the rental facility in providing the end user with a system that provides appropriate release/retention characteristics.

This practice is applicable to rental facilities that use releasable alpine ski bindings. It is not intended as a method for evaluating equipment designs or types, such as alpine touring equipment. Mixing components of different system types (for example, using an alpine touring boot in an alpine binding) is discouraged.

Ski rental facility practice — Sampling and inspection of complete and incomplete alpine ski-binding-boot systems in rental applications

This document specifies a uniform method for the sampling and inspection of complete and incomplete alpine ski-binding-boot systems used in rental facilities.

This document also specifies the steps of a rental operation.

This document is intended for any facility which rents complete and incomplete alpine ski-binding-boot systems as for example when the skier owns the boots.

This document is not applicable for alpine touring bindings (ISO 13992).

This document is not applicable for complete and incomplete alpine ski-binding-boot systems which are rented for 15 days or more.

NOTE 1 A period of less than 15 days is common for equipment being rented.

NOTE 2 ISO 11088 gives a method for testing if the equipment is owned or rented for 15 days or more.

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 5355, Alpine ski-boots — Requirements and test methods

ISO 11088:2023, Alpine ski/binding/boot (S-B-B) system — Assembly, adjustment and inspection

ISO 11110, Winter-sports equipment — Test devices for the setting of the functional unit ski/boot/binding — Requirements and tests

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp

— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/

3.1

system

a group of interacting components, usually comprised of a ski, binding, and boot

3.1.1

complete ski-binding-boot system

ski-binding-boot-system where all the components are provided by the rental facility

3.1.2

incomplete ski-binding-boot system

applies when a skier provides one of the components of a ski/binding/boot system, such as his or her own boots

Note 1 to entry: for more information see 4.2.3

3.2

facility

a shop or a collection of shops under common ownership or management, that share inventories of rental skis, boots or bindings

3.3

reference binding

a unit that is representative of the bindings in inventory

3.4

reference boot

a boot that is typical of the boots in inventory

Note 1 to entry: The selection process is described in Figure A.1 and the requirements in A.3.

3.5

visual indicator setting

setting displayed on the binding’s release/retention adjustment scale

3.6

initial visual indicator setting

the visual indicator setting derived from the binding manufacturer’s release/ retention adjustment chart

Note 1 to entry: The adjustment chart is based on ISO 11088:2023, Table B.1.

3.7

measured release values

release moment or release torque value determined by the use of a testing device

Note 1 to entry: for definition of the type see A.1.2

Note 2 to entry: A moment is defined as force couple.

Note 3 to entry: A torque is defined as force applied with a lever arm.

3.8

test result

middle quantitative value of three repetitions of the same test

3.9

reference torque value

the nominal release torque value derived from a document compatible with ISO 8061 or information supplied by the binding or test device manufacturer

Note 1 to entry: In the case where an algorithm or a table is used to provide reference moments, either value can be used. Any difference in values is usually insignificant.

3.10

inspection range

the accepted difference between the reference torque value and the test result, defined as ±15 % of the reference torque value, or ±3 Nm for twist and ±10 Nm for forward lean, whichever is greater

Note 1 to entry: Alternatively, one horizontal row up or down from the selected reference torque value determined in ISO 11088:2023, table B.1. The long experience shows that using the table values avoids many errors and is easier to explain to customers.

Note 2 to entry: Any of the three methods described above for determining the range may be used as differences will be insignificant.

3.10.1

inspection range for type C

For bindings of type C, see 6.2.3 c), the maximum difference between the reference torque value and the test result that does not require corrective action is ±30 % of the reference torque value, or ±6 Nm for twist and ±20 Nm for forward lean, whichever is greater

Note 1 to entry: Alternatively, two horizontal rows up or down from the selected reference torque value determined on the binding manufacturer’s adjustment chart. The long experience shows that using the table values avoids many errors and is easier to explain to customers.

Note 2 to entry: The inspection range for type C bindings is the same as the in-use range.

Note 3 to entry: Any of the three methods described above for determining the range may be used as differences will be insignificant.

3.11

in-use range

maximum difference between the reference torque value and the test result defined as ±30 % of the reference torque value, or ±6 Nm for twist and ±20 Nm for forward lean, whichever is greater

Note 1 to entry: Alternatively, two horizontal rows up or down from the selected reference torque value determined in ISO 11088:2018, table B.1. The long experience shows that using the table values avoids many errors and is easier to explain to customers.

Note 2 to entry: Any of the three methods described above for determining the range may be used as differences will be insignificant.

Note 3 to entry: In former version “in-use range” was named “re-adjustment range”.

3.12

clockwise versus counterclockwise tolerance

accepted torque difference between test results about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the ski, usually from the toe piece component

3.13

troubleshooting

binding manufacturer's recommendations or procedures for analysing system failure

3.14

corrective action

procedures, other than readjustment of the visual indicator setting, including repair or replacement of system components or removing components from a rental fleet

3.15

rental skier days

number of rental skiers processed through a ski rental facility in a 24 h-period

3.16

random sampling

a procedure in which every sampling system in the inventory has an equal chance of being included in the sample

3.17

rental operation

providing a pair of ski-binding-boot-system to a customer

3.18

testing device

<ski rental> standardized tool to measure release values of ski-binding-boot systems

3.19

release

detachment of the boot from the ski by the mechanism that ensures the connection between boot and ski

Note 1 to entry: This release is only considered effective when all the loads due to the boot/ski connection have dropped to values which present no danger to the skier.

[SOURCE: ISO 9462:2024, 3.2]

Figure 1 shows the requirements for the applicability of this standard and the rental procedure.

Figure 1 — Overview for the rental procedure

Prior to the rental procedure, the compatibility of the equipment needs to be checked. Additionally, pre-season or in-season inspection needs to be chosen.

Table 1 shows the boot-binding compatibility requirements to apply this standard.

Table 1 — Boot-Binding compatibility

Rental facilities are free to choose Pre-Season or In-Season Inspection process (or both).

Pre-Season Inspection process

Prior to the beginning of each season, components of boot/binding systems are inspected and tested individually for compatibility and proper function (see table 1). Testing must be conducted with a device as defined in ISO 11110. Detailed information on pre-season inspection process, see 6.1.

In-season inspection process

At specified intervals throughout the operating season, samples are taken from rental inventory and inspected. Test results are used to determine sampling frequency and prompt corrective action when specified tolerances are exceeded. Detailed information on in-season inspection process, see 6.3.

An inspection of the type described in 4.2.4.1, 4.2.4.2, 4.2.4.3 is conducted, each time an incomplete rental system is assembled during the rental transaction.

4.2.4.1 The equipment is assembled, adjusted, and inspected according to normal rental procedures as defined in this practice, provided a new-to-inventory inspection, as described in this practice, has been conducted on the make, model, and shell size of the boot presented to the facility during the rental transaction.

4.2.4.2 If the customer is offering his or her own boots, the boots must pass a visual inspection, must be representative of the condition of the facility’s boot inventory, and be compatible with the facility’s rental ski/bindings. If the customer’s boots meet these requirements, then the equipment is assembled, adjusted, and inspected according to normal rental procedures as defined in this practice. If the boots do not meet these requirements, then these boots are not to be used with the facility rental skis/bindings.

NOTE 1 It is appropriate to offer alternative rental or retail options to the customer for boots, if the customer’s boots do not meet the requirements described in 4.2.4.2.

4.2.4.3 If the customer is offering his or her own skis/bindings for use with the facility’s boots, then the equipment should be assembled, adjusted, and inspected according to the normal procedures used during the inspection of user owned equipment as defined in practice ISO 11088.

NOTE 2 It is appropriate to offer alternative rental or retail options to the customer for skis/bindings, if the customer’s skis/bindings do not produce acceptable results during inspection/testing per 4.2.4.3.

After the pre-conditioning is conducted, the ski-binding-boot system is adjusted according to the Figure 1. A signed rental agreement is stored and provided to the customer.

This agreement shall contain at least the following information:

a) skier's parameters (age, mass, height);

b) indicator setting;

c) confirmation of compatibility according to table 1;

d) binding manufacturer with binding model or inventory number and binding type;

e) boot manufacturer with boot model, sole length and boot type;

f) ski manufacturer with ski length or inventory number;

g) skier type and release preference requested by the skier;

h) further modifications requested by the skier;

i) additional information on the rental facility’s specific process in regard to this document, i.e. ISO 13993:2025;

j) warning that the equipment and the rental process cannot provide full protection from injury if an accident occurs;

k) indication of which component is owned by the skier, if applicable;

l) testing conducted in accordance with ISO 11088, if applicable.

All tests specified in this practice are made with a device that indicates torque. Such a device should be inspected annually by the rental facility and shall be calibrated biannually by a qualified technician in accordance with ISO 11110.

Prior to the beginning of each season, at least once a year, and whenever new inventory is added, an inspection should be made of the components of the ski/binding/boot system.

6.1.1 Components that do not meet the specified tolerances are repaired, modified, or replaced.

6.1.2 A visual inspection for compatibility is performed on all boots in accordance with the procedures recommended by the binding manufacturer.

6.1.3 As a check on boots that are new to inventory, a single sample, by make, model, and shell size, is taken and tested in accordance with the procedures in 6.2.1 and 6.2.2. If for any shell size and type, a boot does not produce acceptable results, all new boots are visually inspected and as a check, a random sample of 16 boots (or less if 16 are not available) is taken and tested in accordance with the procedures in 6.2.1 and 6.2.2. If any boots in this sample do not produce acceptable results, all remaining new boots of that make, model, and shell size are tested.

6.1.4 As a check on boots that have been accepted into inventory in a prior season, a 5 % (not less than 16 nor more than 80-) random sample of each make, model, and shell size is taken and tested in accordance with the procedures in 6.2.1 and 6.2.2. If a boot does not provide acceptable results, all boots in that make and model are visually inspected. If another boot of the same make, model, and shell size does not pass visual inspection, then all boots of that make, model, and shell size are tested in accordance with the procedures in Clause 6.2. Any boot in this series of testing that does not produce acceptable results needs to be repaired, replaced, or removed from the rental fleet.

6.1.7 Bindings shall be inspected for appropriate function and valid visual indicator setting in accordance with the procedures in 6.2.3 and 6.2.4.

6.1.8 Each binding in the rental fleet is tested in the preseason. Exceptions are new manufacturer pre-mounted ski binding systems that include systems in which the toe and heel components are slid onto pre-mounted or integrated tracks. For these new manufacturer pre-mounted ski-binding systems, a 5 % (but not less than 16 nor more than 80-systems) random sample of bindings is tested in both twist and forward lean by the procedure in 6.2.3 and 6.2.4.

NOTE New bindings that have passed inspection and testing by the original equipment manufacturer prior to delivery to the rental facility and protected from damage by the original packaging of the manufacturer during transportation.

6.1.9 If a binding does not produce results in the inspection range when using a test reference boot, the binding manufacturer’s troubleshooting procedures are initiated and all bindings in the category are tested in accordance with the procedures 6.2.3 and 6.2.4. The bindings may be retested once after the troubleshooting procedures. If the bindings continue to produce results outside the inspection range, they must be removed from the rental fleet.

Perform all tests in accordance with Annex A.1.

Unless otherwise specified by the binding manufacturer, inspect boots as follows:

a) Select a reference binding, that is within the inspection range;

b) Clean the binding where the boot will contact it;

c) Adjust the binding to obtain the test result as specified by the binding manufacturer using a typical boot of the sole length to be inspected;

d) Select all boots of a given sole length and visually inspect them as specified by the binding manufacturer;

e) Make all necessary binding-to-boot adjustments as specified by the binding manufacturer to accommodate the selected boots;

f) For each boot, use the binding and the release testing device and observe the twist test result in both directions;

g) For each boot, use the binding and the testing device and observe the forward lean test result, unless the binding manufacturer specifies that the test is not required to further verify compatibility.

Evaluate the test results for each boot as follows:

a) In each binding twist test, the clockwise versus counterclockwise test results should be within the inspection range of the value specified by the manufacturer.

b) The forward lean test result observed should be within the inspection range specified by the manufacturer.

c) Remove from inventory any boot that does not satisfy 6.2.2 a), 6.2.2 b) and cannot be corrected.

Inspect all bindings as follows:

a) Select a reference boot with sole length as specified by the binding manufacturer or that is commonly used with equipment in accordance with Figure A.1.

b) Clean and lubricate each reference boot.

c) Functional tests are made with the combination of boot sole length and binding setting based on the approximate mid-range on the release indicator scale of the binding. Unless otherwise specified by the binding manufacturer, the following values are used as appropriate:

1) binding of Type C or type CA: reference sole length (260 ± 5) mm and indicator: 2,5

2) binding of Type CA: reference sole length (280 ± 5) mm and indicator: 4

3) binding of Type A or MN: reference sole length (320 ± 5) mm and indicator: 6

d) Exercise the binding/boot system through the range of elastic travel as specified by the binding manufacturer. This exercise should include at least one release of the boot in each direction of release as specified by the binding manufacturer.

e) Using the release testing device, observe the test result in each direction of release specified by the manufacturer.

f) Make all other inspections as specified by the binding manufacturer.

Evaluate the test results for each binding as follows:

a) The clockwise and counterclockwise test results in twist should be within the inspection range. If the test results fall near the opposite limits of the inspection range (see the binding manufacturer’s technical manual for more details), the binding manufacturer’s procedure for evaluation on non-symmetrical release shall be implemented.

b) The test results in each direction of release shall be within the accepted inspection tolerance.

c) Remove from inventory any binding that does not satisfy 6.2.4 a), 6.2.4 b).

At regular intervals, as specified in 6.5.2, samples are taken from the rental inventory and evaluated in accordance with the procedures Annex A.

If more than 20 % of the systems in the sample produce results outside the inspection range but within the in-use range, or if a single system produces results outside the in-use range, follow the manufacturers troubleshooting procedures and initiate daily testing as required in 6.5.2.

If a system produces results outside the in-use range, the cause must be identified. In this case, any troubleshooting and corrective actions recommend by the binding manufacturer shall be used. All bindings of the same model must be inspected for similar problems and, if necessary, corrective actions recommend by the binding manufacturer shall be applied.

Sample the inventory in accordance with Section 6.5 and perform all tests in accordance with Annex A1.

Inspect each sample in the following sequence.

a) Make a visual inspection of all binding-to-boot fitting indicators (e.g., forward pressure and/or sole height adjustment) and all components of boots and bindings, in accordance with boot and binding manufacturers’ recommendations.

b) Inspect the forward lean elastic travel in accordance with A1.1.

c) Test the forward lean release torque.

d) Inspect elastic travel in all other directions of release in accordance with A1.1.

e) Test the twist release torque in one direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) only.

f) Perform all other tests and inspections required by the binding manufacturer.

Evaluate the results of the sample inspection as follows:

a) Sum and document the results of the system as belonging to one of three categories: (1) inspection range, (2) in-use range (but outside the inspection range), and (3) outside the in-use range.

b) For any system outside the in-use range, take corrective action specified in 6.1.9.

c) Note the percentage of the sample in the in-use range and determine if additional action is needed as defined in 6.3.2.

d) Determine the schedule for sampling based on the inspection results and the criteria defined in 6.5.2.

6.5.1.1 A random sample of 5 % of inventory, but not less than 16 nor more than 80 systems.

6.5.1.2 Sample size may be based on average rental skier days if average rental skier days drops below 50 % of rental inventory over the sampling interval.

6.5.1.3 The sample is taken at any time during the sampling interval or may be spread over the period.

6.5.2.1 A sample of the size specified in 6.5.1 shall be taken every 7 days of operation (normal sampling).

6.5.2.2 If the in-season produces any results outside of the in-use range, or if 20 % or more systems are outside the inspection range and within the in-use range, then daily sampling is instituted.

6.5.2.3 If daily sampling has been initiated, it continues until the results of two consecutive in-season checks produce results in the inspection range or less than 20 % of systems are outside the inspection range and within the in-use range; normal sampling frequency is then resumed.

Rental facilities that have rent less than 160 rental skier days/day (averaged on a weekly basis) may adopt an alternate procedure and sample size, over the sampling interval, 5 % of average rental skier days, and delay evaluation of the inspection results until a total of 16 sampled systems have been accrued. However, if a single system produces a result outside the in-use range at any time, corrective action as described in 6.3.3 is taken.

1. 
   (normative)
   
   Functional and release test requirements
   1. Description of functional inspections
      1. Test for elastic travel and recentering

The system should be exercised to check that the boot can travel a distance as specified by the manufacturer and return freely to within 2 mm of the original position. This test should be made in all directions of release and in a manner specified by the binding manufacturer. If no displacement is specified, then 5 mm measured at the toe or heel (as appropriate) should be used and the test made by any device or method capable of displacing the boot the necessary distance.

• • 1. Test for symmetrical release

The system should be tested for twist release in both the clockwise and counterclockwise directions with a device of the type specified in ISO 11110.

NOTE This is not necessary for in-season inspection.

• • 1. Test of binding/boot, compatibility
       1. General

The boot should be of a shape, composition, construction and condition acceptable to the binding manufacturer. Functional inspections specified by the binding manufacturer to determine the compatibility of the boot and binding should be performed.

If no functional inspection procedures are specified by the binding manufacturer, a functional inspection should be made to determine the difference in release torque between a clean, dry system and the same after lubrication of all binding-boot interfaces. This inspection shall be made in all directions of release specified by the binding manufacturer, using a testing device of the type specified in ISO 11110.

• • • 1. Application of lubricant

The lubricant used for this test should be applied in a thin film and may be of a type normally accepted in the maintenance of the binding such as a soap/detergent and water solution.

• • • 1. Cleaning procedure

If there is reason to believe that the binding-boot interface has been contaminated with a lubricant prior to the clean tests, a common dishwashing soap or detergent may be used, provided all surfaces are flushed with clean water afterward.

• 1. Release inspection
     1. Tests for twist release

This test is made to determine the torque required to release the binding in twist about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the boot sole. This test is made using a device of the type described in ISO 11110. Test results may be used to calibrate the binding to the desired release torque or to validate the visual indicator. Tests may be made of the entire release/retention system or using a reference boot (preseason tests only).

• • 1. Test for forward lean release

This test is made to determine the torque required to release the binding in forward lean. This test is made using a testing device of the type described in ISO 11110. If no independent means is provided to adjust the forward lean release, this test is used to check that the ratio of twist to forward lean is as specified by the manufacturer. Test results may be used to calibrate the binding to the desired release torque or to validate the visual indicator. Tests may be made of the entire release/retention system using a reference boot (preseason tests only).

• • 1. Other release tests

Tests of the type in A.2.1 and A.2.2 should be made in any other direction specified by the manufacturer and in any directions for which an independent release adjustment is provided.

• 1. Test conditions
     1. Visual indicator setting for functional tests

Functional tests are made at approximately mid-range on the release adjustment scale of the binding and boots with the appropriate boot sole length, see 6.2.3 c).

• • 1. Preconditioning binding

A.3.2.1 The binding is cycled at least three times in all directions prior to calibration of the visual indicator setting or validation of the visual indicator.

A.3.2.2 The use of a lubricant in the tests is not intended to improve performance of the system in use, but to reduce the influence of friction.

A.3.2.3 Unless the procedure of the facility includes preconditioning prior to each rental, bindings tested as part of the in-season sampling and inspection program are not preconditioned.

• • 1. Temperature

Tests are performed at normal room temperatures between 10 °C and 25 °C (55°F and 80°F).

• • 1. Load rate

Tests should be performed at a load rate specified by the manufacturer of the testing device or in accordance with the binding manufacturer’s recommendations. If no recommendations are provided, the load required to release the boot from the binding should be applied smoothly such that the time to achieve release is between 1 and 5 s.

• 1. Flowcharts of practice procedures

Figure A.1 — Selecting test reference boot procedures for pre-season inspection

Figure A.2 — Pre-season binding inspection

Figure A.3 — Pre-season boot inspection

Figure A.4 — In-season inspection

1. 
   (informative)
   
   In-season sampling size according 6.5.1 and maximum number of systems outside inspection range but inside in use range according 6.5.2.2

See Table B.1.

Table B.1 — Outside inspection range but inside in-use range and sample sizes

Bibliography

[1] ISO 8061, Alpine ski-bindings — Selection of release torques values

[2] ISO 9462:2024, Alpine ski-bindings — Requirements and test methods